真空蒸发沉积VOPc薄膜及磁场对薄膜结构与性能的影响

用真空蒸发制备了酞菁氧钒(VOPc)薄膜，并在磁场中进行了热处理。用X光电子能谱、X射线衍射、紫外-可见吸收光谱、原子力显微镜等手段对制备的薄膜进行了表征。结果 表明沉积的酞菁氧钒薄膜为a-型，成分接近酞菁氧钒的分子式。制备的薄膜在磁场中进行了热处理，发现磁场使酞菁氧钒薄膜性质发生改变：UV-VIS吸收谱Q带发生红移；XRD谱图衍射峰强度明显增强，峰位略有变化；原子力显微镜(AFM)分析发现晶粒大小无明显变化。以上结果说明磁场的存在使得VOPc分子在热处理过程中发生了定向的排列。     

盐酸蒸气处理对酞菁氧钛薄膜的影响

用HC1蒸气对真空蒸发沉积的酞菁氧钛薄膜进行了处理 ,并用UV Vis吸收谱、X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)和X射线衍射 (XRD)进行了分析。吸收谱结果表明HC1与酞菁氧钛蒸气作用后产生一个新的吸收峰 ,峰值位于 82 0nm附近。此峰的出现使得酞菁氧钛光吸收带 (Q带 )加宽进入红外波段。光电子谱分析表明酞菁氧钛薄膜的成分发生了变化 ,其中Cl和O的含量随HC1蒸气处理时间的增加而增加 ,而N和Ti的含量随HC1蒸气处理时间的增加而减小 ,说明HC1蒸气可与真空蒸发沉积的酞菁氧钛薄膜发生作用。XRD测试结果表明 ,经HC1蒸气处理后的酞菁氧钛薄膜的衍射谱中出现了若干新的衍射峰 ,表明酞菁氧钛分子的排列结构也发生了变化     

离子束外延制备GaAs:Gd薄膜

室温条件下,用低能离子束外延制备了GaAs：Gd薄膜,X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明除了GaAs衬底峰没有发现其它新相的衍射峰,并借助于高分辨X射线衍射(HR-XRD)进一步分析了晶格常数的变化特点。俄歇电子能谱(AES)分析了样品表面的成分,及元素随深度的分布规律,在60nm深处元素的相对含量发生明显改变,运用原子力显微镜(AFM)揭示了样品表面的形貌特点。     

酞菁铜薄膜的真空热蒸发制备及其性能

用真空热蒸发法在玻璃基板上制得酞菁铜(CuPc)薄膜。用原子力显微镜、紫外可见光分光光度计及红外光谱仪等分析了酞菁铜薄膜的结构特征,并对薄膜的沉积机理进行了探讨。通过与L-B(Langmuir-Blodgett)法的比较,发现用真空热蒸发法制备的酞菁铜薄膜结构、性能更佳。     

盐酸蒸气处理对酞菁氧钛薄膜的影响

用HCl蒸气对真空蒸发沉积的酞菁氧钛薄膜进行了处理，并用UV-Vis吸收谱、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和X射线衍射（XRD）进行了分析，吸收谱结果表明HCl与酞菁氧钛蒸气作用后产生一个新的吸收峰，峰值位于820nm附近，此峰的出现使得酞菁氧钛光吸收带（Q带）加宽进入红外波段，光电子谱分析表明酞菁氧钛薄膜的成分发生了变化，其中Cl和O的含量随HCl蒸气处理的时间的增加而增加，而N和Ti的含量随HCl蒸气处理时间的增加而减小，说明HCl蒸气可与真空蒸发沉积的酞菁氧钛薄膜发生作用。XRD测试结果表明，经HCl蒸气处理后的酞菁氧钛薄膜的衍射谱中出现了若干新的衍射峰，表明酞菁氧钛分子的排列结构也发生了变化。     

氧化钒薄膜的制备技术及特性研究

采用直流反应磁控溅射法,通过精确控制反应溅射电压优化了氧化钒薄膜的制备工艺.对制备的氧化钒薄膜,利用四探针测试仪检测了薄膜的方阻和方阻温度系数,用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)仪和原子力显微镜(AFM)对薄膜的钒氧原子比和薄膜的微观形貌分别进行了分析和表征.实验结果表明,利用精确控制反应溅射电压法生长出的氧化钒薄膜的性能得到了进一步的提高.     

氩气氛下制备的C_(60)薄膜的形貌、结构和光学性质

用原子力显微镜 (AFM)、X射线衍射 (XRD)、红外光谱 (IR)及紫外 可见光谱 (UV/VIS)研究了在氩 (Ar)气氛下制备的C60 薄膜的表面形貌、结构及光吸收特性。发现其UV/VIS的强度和吸收峰位置明显不同于在真空中制备的C60 薄膜。与真空中制备的C60 薄膜比较 ,所研究薄膜的红外谱没有变化 ,但X射线衍射表明其结构从面心立方 (fcc)相变成fcc相与六角密堆(hcp)相的混合相。AFM表明 ,在Ar气氛中制备的C60 薄膜有较大的表面粒子 ,并且表面生长岛更尖锐。这将有利于C60 薄膜的场电子发射。     

磁控溅射制备TiO2薄膜的亲水性能研究

用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃基片上制备TiO2薄膜,并分别在300℃、400℃、500℃下进行热处理.用紫外吸收光谱、原子力显微镜(AFM)、接触角测定等分析方法研究了制备工艺、热处理和紫外光照射时间对薄膜表面亲水性的影响.结果表明,经紫外光照射或热处理后的TiO2薄膜表面表现出明显的超亲水性,而制备工艺的变化对亲水性的影响不明显.光谱、AFM分析表明,导致薄膜表面亲水性的原因在于薄膜表面微结构的变化.     

酞菁铜薄膜的真空热蒸发制备及其性能

用真空热蒸发法在玻璃基板上制得酞菁铜薄膜。用原子力显微镜、紫外可见分光光度计及红外光谱仪等分析了酞菁铜薄膜的结构特征，并对薄膜的沉积机理进行了探讨。通过与Ｌ－Ｂ法的比较，发现用真空热蒸发法制备的酞菁铜薄膜结构、性能更佳。     

无氟化学溶液法制备YBa_2Cu_3O_z超导薄膜

采用自主开发的无氟化学溶液沉积法在(00l)LaAlO_3单晶片上制备了YBa_2Cu_3O_z(YBCO)超导薄膜。研究了高温热处理过程中不同成相气氛和渗氧温度对YBCO薄膜结构和性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪对薄膜进行了织构分析,通过扫描电镜和原子力显微镜观察了薄膜的表面形貌。采用磁性能测试系统测量了薄膜的超导转变温度和磁化曲线。实验结果表明,在干燥的热处理气氛和400℃渗氧制备的YBCO薄膜具有更加优异的性能。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from