Catalytic Conversion of a Mesitylene and n-Decane Mixture in the Presence of Hydrogen Over ZSM-5 Based Catalysts

Conversion reactions of mesitylene and n-decane mixture over different catalysts prepared on the base of ZSM-5 zeolite were investigated. The influence of reaction temperature on the activity and selectivity of HZSM-5, DZSM-5, and Ni-Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts obtained from NH₄ZSM-5 zeolite was researched for this purpose. According to received results it can be concluded that mesitylene mostly exposed to isomerization and disproportionation, n-decane exposed to hydrocracking reactions up to C₁–C₄ hydrocarbon gases. The catalysts were characterized by textural properties and crystallinity. Thermal oxidation characteristics of coke deposited on the catalysts surface were also researched.     

酸处理的纳米ZSM-22沸石负载Pt催化剂对正十二烷的加氢异构化性能

采用铵交换-稀硝酸脱铝相结合的方法处理针状形貌ZSM-22(De-HZSM-22)和纳米ZSM-22(De-HZSM-22-NA)沸石,并以De-HZSM-22、De-HZSM-22-NA和铵交换的针状形貌ZSM-22(HZSM-22)沸石为载体,采用等体积浸渍的方法制备Pt催化剂(Pt/De-HZSM-22、Pt/De-HZSM-22-NA和Pt/HZSM-22),研究其对长链烷烃正十二烷的加氢异构化性能。通过X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、氨气程序升温脱附、氢气程序升温还原、透射电子显微镜等手段对催化剂进行系列表征。结果表明：Pt/De-HZSM-22-NA与Pt/De-HZSM-22的催化活性相当,均低于Pt/HZSM-22。但是Pt/De-HZSM-22-NA具有更高的异构体选择性,在反应压力2.0 MPa、H₂体积流量为40 mL/min、质量空速2.5 h^-1的条件下,320 ℃时得到最佳的异构体收率为80.0%,高于Pt/HZSM-22(300 ℃,70.2%)和Pt/De-HZSM-22(320 ℃,71.6%)的最佳收率;对应地,Pt/De-HZSM-22-NA的裂化选择性为10.8%,低于Pt/HZSM-22的21.6%和Pt/De-HZSM-22的21.1%。     

ZSM-5/MCM-41介孔硅铝分子筛担载Pd和Pt制备加氢脱硫催化剂

将ZSM-5溶于偏硅酸钠水溶液,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作模板剂,用水热合成法自组装合成了具有较强酸性和不同SiO₂/Al₂O₃摩尔比(n(SiO₂)/n(Al₂O₃))的ZSM-5/MCM-41介孔硅铝分子筛（记为ZM(x),x=n(SiO₂)/n(Al₂O₃)）。以二苯并噻吩（DBT）质量分数为0.8%的十氢萘溶液为模型化合物,考察了Si-MCM-41和ZM(x)担载的Pd和Pt催化剂催化加氢脱硫（HDS）反应的活性。结果表明,担载Pt和Pd不会破坏ZM(x)的介孔结构;DBT在Pd催化剂上主要通过加氢路径脱硫,而在Pt催化剂上则直接脱硫和加氢2条反应路径并重;Si-MCM-41为载体的催化剂HDS活性较低并且失活较快,以ZM(x)为载体的Pd和Pt催化剂加氢活性、加氢脱硫活性、加氢裂化活性及稳定性都有显著提高;ZM(x)担载的Pt和Pd催化剂催化HDS反应的活性可能与其活性组分分散度以及载体的B酸和L酸比例（B/L）有关,具有较好的活性组分分散度和较高B/L比例的ZM(60)担载的Pd和Pt催化剂表现出最佳的加氢脱硫活性和稳定性。     

The Effect of Metal Introduced Over ZSM-5 Zeolite for C9 Heavy Aromatics Hydrodealkylation

Abstract

Five different (Bi, Ni, Mo, Pt, H)/ZSM-5 catalysts were tested for hydrodealkylation (HDA), isomerisation, dehydrogenated, cyclistion, and poly-alkyl-aromatics activities. Experiments were performed in a fixed-bed microreactor between 300°C and 420°C, at a total pressure of 0.8 MPa and a liquid hourly space velocity of 1.0 h^?1. Pt (Mo)/ZSM-5 catalysts enhanced activity in terms of better balance between metal nanoparticles formed and acid sites. Pt-loading catalysts were the best overall catalysts, producing high C₉ alkyl-aromatics (isopropylbenzene) conversion (95.9%), high HDA selectivity (92.2%), and relatively low reaction temperature. Mo-loading catalysts, despite producing the high conversion, required the higher reaction temperatures.     

氟硅酸铵同晶置换改性 ZSM-22分子筛的催化性能

 分别采用不同浓度的(NH₄)₂SiF₆水溶液对 ZSM-22分子筛进行同晶置换改性,并采用 XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD、Py IR、²⁹Si MAS NMR 对同晶置换改性前后的分子筛进行了表征,考察(NH₄)₂SiF₆改性对分子筛孔道结构及酸性的影响。将改性前后的分子筛用浸渍法制备了0.5%Pd/ZSM-22双功能催化剂,并在连续微型固定床反应装置上考察了其对正癸烷（n-C₁₀）加氢异构化反应的催化性能。结果表明, (NH₄)₂SiF₆改性选择性地脱除了分子筛的部分强酸中心,有效地抑制了正癸烷的裂化反应。用0.3 mol/L(NH₄)₂SiF₆溶液改性后的分子筛制备的Pd/ZSM-22催化剂的加氢异构化反应活性和异构化选择性均得到提高。     

n-Pentane Hydroconversion Using Pt-loaded Zeolite Catalysts

Abstract

Pt/H-ZSM-5 and Pt/H-MOR catalysts with different Pt contents were prepared via impregnation using H₂PtCl₆ · 6H₂O or via exchange using Pt(NH₃)₄Cl₂, calcination in air at 530°C and reduction in H₂ at 500°C. The prepared catalysts were tested for n-pentane hydroisomerization and hydrocracking via bifunctionality at 250–500°C using a micro-catalytic pulse reactor. It is found that the dispersion of Pt-exchanged zeolites is higher than the corresponding Pt-impregnated zeolites at all Pt contents. It is also found that the dispersion of Pt/H-ZSM-5 catalysts either exchanged or impregnated are higher than the corresponding Pt/H-MOR catalysts. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) data showed that the impregnated catalysts possess a higher acid sites number than the exchanged catalysts; and that the Pt/H-ZSM-5 catalysts have a higher number of acid sites than do the Pt/H-MOR catalysts, whereas the latter catalysts possess higher strength of acid sites at all Pt contents. The hydroisomerization activities using Pt exchanged catalysts, supported either on H-ZSM-5 or H-MOR, are higher than the impregnated catalysts at almost all Pt contents. It is also concluded that the H-ZSM-5-supported catalysts, either exchanged or impregnated, are more active than the H-MOR supported ones. Hydrocracking is higher using all loaded H-MOR catalysts.     

Catalytic Cracking of <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Hexane and <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Heptane over ZSM-5 Zeolite: Influence of SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Ratio

The performance of two types of ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts (MFI-type zeolite, SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 50 and 300) was studied in the catalytic cracking of n-hexane and n-heptane as a model compound of light naphtha for production of light olefins at 500, 550, and 600°C. The physicochemical properties of ZSM-5 catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, BET, SEM and NH₃-TPD. The influence of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratio was investigated on conversion and product selectivity. ZSM-5 zeolite yielded higher conversion in the cracking of n-hexane compared to n-heptane and maximum conversion was achieved over ZSM-5(50) at 600°C. ZSM-5(50) showed higher alkane selectivity rather than olefins. It was found that ZSM-5(300) was more desirable in terms of having significant selectivity to light olefins as well as producing high propylene to ethylene ratio. The maximum propylene to ethylene ratio of 2.7 and 2.48 was observed over ZSM-5(300) at 500°C for n-hexane and n-heptane cracking, respectively.     

含Mg加氢异构脱蜡催化剂临氢异构性能研究

以制备的H-ZSM-23分子筛为载体,采用等体积共浸渍的方法制备加氢异构催化剂Pt/ZSM-23,Pt-Mg/ZSM-23-1%,Pt-Mg/ZSM-23-2%,研究Mg的引入对催化剂酸性质的影响,并以惠州加氢裂化尾油为原料,对Pt/ZSM-23和Pt-Mg/ZSM-23-2%的临氢异构性能进行研究。研究结果表明：Mg的引入可极大降低催化剂的中强酸含量,催化剂选择性提高;将Pt/ZSM-23和Pt-Mg/ZSM-23-2%按体积比1∶1级配装填,在反应温度为325 ℃、反应压力为13 MPa、氢油体积比为500、液时体积空速为1.1 h－1的条件下,基础油收率由75.0%提高至79.0%;1 000 h长周期运行期间催化剂性能稳定,150N润滑油基础油的倾点为－18 ℃、收率为48.0%,高于常规工业装置的46.0%,基础油总收率为79.3%,催化剂加氢异构性能优异,具备良好的工业化应用前景。     

加氢异构化催化剂的研究——-加氢功能的影响

以ZSM 22分子筛为酸性组分,制备了不同分子筛含量、不同金属负载量以及不同金属种类的加氢异构催化剂。采用XRD、氢氧滴定、N2吸附、吡啶吸附和SEM等表征工具对所用分子筛以及制备的催化剂进行了详细的表征。以正癸烷为模型化合物,考察了制备的催化剂的烷烃异构转化活性和选择性,并将获得的反应结果与表征数据相关联。结果表明,对于长链烷烃加氢异构反应,当加氢功能不足时,长链烷烃加氢/脱氢反应为控制步骤;为了制备双功能平衡的加氢异构催化剂,Pd负载量要高于Pt,但当双功能平衡后2种催化剂的异构反应行为一致。对于长链烷烃加氢异构反应,加氢中心与酸性中心之间的距离不是影响催化剂异构选择性的关键因素。     

Butene-2 Oligomerization to Heavy Olefins over ZSM-5 Zeolite

Abstract

Butene-2 oligomerization to chemical feedstocks is investigated over ZSM-5 catalysts with varying silica-to-alumina ratio and compared with the performance over silica-supported phosphoric acid (SSPA). Butene-2 is oligomerized more efficiently at 4 MPa and 1 hr^?1 over ZSM-5 zeolite with liquid yield ≥66.6%, selectivity to heavy product ≥54.5%. The products over ZSM-5 are also less branched.     

制备因素对Pt/ZSM22催化剂临氢异构化反应性能的影响

以加氢裂化尾油为原料,考察了Pt负载方式、前驱体溶液pH、Pt负载量对异构化催化剂Pt/ZSM-22-γ-Al2O3的影响。结果表明,成型后离子交换法制备的催化剂Pt分散度最高。催化剂异构化选择性及反应活性顺序由高到低的顺序为：成型后离子交换法＞分子筛离子交换法＞等体积浸渍法。成型后离子交换的前驱体溶液pH为9时,Pt分散度为87.2%。Pt负载量（w）为0.3%时,150N基础油倾点为-15℃的基础油收率为75.8%。异构化选择性达到最佳。     

纳米晶堆积多级结构ZSM-5分子筛的设计合成及其催化甲醇制丙烯反应性能

采用硅凝胶原位转化自组装的方法,并且没有使用第二模板剂或有机添加剂情况下,成功地水热合成了纳米晶堆积多级结构ZSM-5分子筛。对合成样品进行了N₂吸附-脱附、SEM、TEM和XRD表征,并考察其催化甲醇转化制丙烯(MTP)反应性能。结果表明,多级结构ZSM-5分子筛由50~90 nm的ZSM-5晶体堆积而成,具有丰富的介孔结构;其介孔孔容和外比表面积相对常规ZSM-5分子筛和纳米晶ZSM-5分子筛都有较大的提高,并且结晶度良好。相对于纳米晶ZSM-5分子筛,纳米晶堆积多级结构ZSM-5分子筛由于其结构上的优势,具有更好的扩散性能,能够有效地提高催化寿命及丙烯选择性,在产品分离上也具有极大的优势。     

Para-xylene Maximization—Part VI: Shape-Selective Platinum-Promoted Methylation of Toluene

Abstract

The need for increased production of para-xylene, which is the primary material for producing the polyester fibers, activated this research. Although the alkylation reaction is acid catalyzed, we found that a Pt promoter activates this reaction by virtue of the presence of a vacant d-orbital in the Pt atom. In this work, a series of catalysts containing 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3% Pt in H-ZSM-5 zeolite was tested for alkylating toluene with methanol, aiming to produce the xylenes and maximizing para-xylene production in a temperature range of 300°C–500°C in the presence of hydrogen flow in a continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor. The catalysts were characterized by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia for acid sites distribution analysis and platinum dispersion in the catalysts by hydrogen chemisorption. Moreover, the diffusion resistance extent in the current catalysts during the alkylation reaction has been evaluated via estimation of the Thiele modulus, Φ _L . The selectivity for para-xylene production was found to increase systematically with increasing the Pt content in the catalysts, whereas the unloaded zeolite did not follow this order. The Φ _L values calculated were accordingly found to increase also with increasing Pt content in the catalysts. Although para-xylene was the highest on the 0.3% Pt/H-ZSM-5 catalyst, the heavy undesired trimethylbenzenes were the lowest to be formed on this catalyst.     

Pt负载位置对双功能催化剂正十二烷加氢异构化性能影响

将金属Pt分别负载在Al₂O₃和ZSM-22分子筛上,然后分别与等质量的HZSM-22分子筛和Al₂O₃混合制备2种复合双功能催化剂Pt/Al₂O₃+HZSM-22和Pt/HZSM-22+ Al₂O₃。采用XRD、BET、NH₃-TPD、SEM、ICP以及TEM表征手段对载体和催化剂进行分析。在固定床反应装置上以正十二烷为正构烷烃模型化合物,考察了复合双功能催化剂对正十二烷加氢异构性能的影响。结果表明：金属Pt的负载位置直接影响加氢异构反应性能,金属负载在γ-Al₂O₃上的催化剂Pt/Al₂O₃+HZSM-2,其正十二烷转化率和异构产率均明显优于金属负载在HZSM-22分子筛上的催化剂Pt/HZSM-22+ Al₂O₃。但是将金属Pt负载在γ-Al₂O₃或直接负载在ZSM-22分子筛上并不影响单甲基异构产物的分布,其异构产物以支链靠近端部的2-甲基异构体为主。     

含介孔ZSM-5分子筛的柴油加氢脱硫催化剂的性能研究

以添加不同量的介孔ZSM-5分子筛的Al2O3为载体,MoO3-CoO为金属活性组分,考察了介孔ZSM-5分子筛的含量对柴油加氢脱硫活性的影响。采用直馏柴油评价催化剂的加氢脱硫活性。结果表明,随着介孔分子筛ZSM-5含量的增加,催化剂的加氢脱硫活性先增加后降低,介孔分子筛ZSM5加入量为12%的催化剂C12-ZSM5活性最高,比对比剂C0-ZSM5和C12-普-ZSM5的活性高,说明向载体中添加介孔ZSM-5分子筛能够有效地提高催化剂的加氢脱硫活性。     

ZSM-5/SAPO-11复合分子筛的制备及乙醇脱水催化性能

以拟薄水铝石、磷酸和硅溶胶为原料,以二正丙胺为模板剂,采用包埋法合成了ZSM-5/SAPO-11双微孔结构复合分子筛,并通过XRD、SEM、TEM、FT-IR、BET、NH₃-TPD等手段对复合分子筛进行了表征。结果表明,合成的复合分子筛是一种ZSM-5(核)/SAPO-11(壳) 式双微孔复合分子筛。将该复合分子筛用于乙醇脱水制乙烯反应,虽然催化活性略低于ZSM-5分子筛,但稳定性比ZSM-5有大幅度提高。综合考虑催化活性和稳定性,ZSM-5/SAPO-11复合分子筛更适合作为乙醇脱水制乙烯的催化剂。     

水热处理ZSM-5沸石对乙苯转化型二甲苯异构化催化剂性能的影响

对ZSM-5沸石进行水热处理,将其按一定比例与丝光沸石复配制备了乙苯转化型二甲苯异构化催化剂(简称MZ催化剂);在连续流动固定床反应器中评价了MZ催化剂的异构化性能;考察了ZSM-5沸石的水热处理温度、处理时间和水蒸气用量对MZ催化剂异构化性能的影响。实验结果表明,较适宜的水热处理条件为:温度450～500℃,时间4～6 h,水蒸气用量18～36 g/h。在该条件下水热处理的ZSM-5沸石制备的MZ催化剂,在反应温度370℃、压力0.60 MPa、重时空速3.5 h~(-1)、n(H_2):n(原料油)为5.0的反应条件下,异构化活性达23%以上,乙苯转化率保持在38%左右,C_8芳烃收率在96%以上。     

球形ZSM-5分子筛的制备及其在甲醇制芳烃反应中的应用

以ZSM-5分子筛为主要原料,采用水柱成型法制备球形分子筛颗粒,通过低温N2吸附-脱附、XRD、智能颗粒强度试验机等手段对样品进行表征,对黏结剂种类进行筛选,考察了黏结剂用量、不同后处理过程对球形分子筛物性的影响,并进行了应用性能评价。结果表明：黏结剂优选铝胶,随着铝胶用量的增加产品强度逐渐增大;铝胶的加入量为40%,硝酸铝进行后处理,可制备孔体积0.34 mL/g、比表面积282 m2/g、强度38 N/颗的球形分子筛颗粒;将其负载Zn-Ni活性组分应用于甲醇制芳烃反应中,液体收率、芳烃收率及选择性均优于条形催化剂。     

模板剂脱除方式对Pt/ZSM-23烷烃异构化性能的影响

以不同温度焙烧的ZSM 23为载体,采用等体积浸渍法、400℃还原制备得到Pt/ZSM 23系列催化剂。采用热重(TG)、N2物理吸附、NH3程序升温脱附(NH3 TPD)、有机元素分析、红外光谱(FT IR)和吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py IR)等手段,对分子筛及催化剂进行表征。以正十二烷为模型原料,在固定床反应器上考察了Pt/ZSM 23的临氢异构化性能。结果表明,350℃焙烧脱除部分模板剂后,利用400℃还原过程进一步脱模制得的催化剂表现出最高的异构体收率(876%)和多支链异构体收率(414%)。探讨了模板剂脱除方式对催化剂孔道性质、酸性质以及异构化性能的影响。     

Hydroisomerization of n-dodecane on bifunctional catalysts containing mesoporous aluminosilicates

The hydroisomerization of n-dodecane on bifunctional catalysts with mesostructured aluminosilicates as an active component has been studied. Aluminosilicates with an Si/Al atomic ratio of 5 to 48 have been prepared using hexadecylamine as a template. Catalyst supports contained 35 wt % mesoporous material and 65 wt % ??-Al₂O₃. The platinum loading of the catalysts was 0.5% of the support mass. It has been found that the catalysts based on mesoporous aluminosilicates with an Si/Al ratio of 10 and 22 exhibit the highest selectivity. In their presence, the conversion reaches 43?C46 wt % with the selectivity for iso-C₁₂H₂₆ of more than 90%.