番茄、柑橘、芹菜复合保健饮料的研制

以现代营养知识和传统中医理论为依据，研究以番茄、柑橘、芹菜为原料，经现代饮料加工技术，提取其汁，采用正交试验，研制出最佳生产配方和最佳工艺条件，生产出风味独特营养丰富并极具保健作用的功能性复合饮料。     

胡萝卜、荸荠、粉葛复合保健饮料的研制

以现代营养知识和传统的中医药理论为依据，研究以胡萝卜，荸荠，粉葛为原料，经现代饮料加工技术，提取其汁，采用正交试验，研制出最佳生产配方和最佳工艺条件，生产出口味独特营养丰富具有保健作用的功能性复合饮料。     

胡萝卜、荸荠、葛根复合保健饮料的研制

以现代营养知识和传统的中医药理为依据，研究以胡萝卜，荸荠，葛根为原料，经现代饮料加工技术，提取其汁，采用正交试验，研制出最传佳生产和最佳工艺条件，生产出口味独特营养丰富，具有保健作用的功能性复合饮料。     

胡萝卜、荸荠、葛根复合保健饮料的研制

以现代营养知识和传统的中医药理为依据 ,研究以胡萝卜、荸荠、葛根为原料 ,经现代饮料加工技术 ,提取其汁 ,采用正交试验 ,研制出最佳生产配方和最佳工艺条件 ,生产出口味独特营养丰富 ,具有保健作用的功能性复合饮料。     

番茄、柑橘、芹菜复合保健饮料的研制

以现代营养知识和传统中医理论为依据,研究以番茄、柑橘、芹菜为原料,经现代饮料加工技术,提取其汁,采用正交实验,研制出最佳生产配方和最佳工艺条件,生产出风味独特营养丰富并极具保健作用的功能性复合饮料。     

新型乌梅保健饮料的研制

以乌梅,甘草为原料,结合现代饮料加工技术,提取原料中的有效成分,并采用正交试验,研制出最佳生产配方和最佳工艺条件,生产口味独特营养丰富具有保健作用的饮料。     

胡萝卜汁、苹果醋复合饮料的生产研究

以胡萝卜、苹果为主原料，提取胡萝卜汁；生产苹果醋，利用胡萝卜、苹果醋营养特点，将胡萝卜汁、苹果醋进行配比，并采用正交试验，确定了饮料最佳配方和最佳工艺条件，开发出色香味俱佳的复合果蔬醋保健饮料。     

鲜玉米饮料──玉米爽的研制

以鲜玉米为原料，经磨浆提取、α-淀粉酶降解，结合现代饮料生产技术制得天然营养饮料──玉米爽。     

麦芽仙人掌保健乳酸饮料的研制

以仙人掌、牛奶、麦芽为原料，采用酵母菌和乳酸菌共同发酵研制成含低醇的麦芽仙人掌乳酸饮料。通过实验确定了发酵的最佳工艺条件及饮料的最佳配方，并对饮料的稳定性进行了探讨，从而生产出酸甜可口、均一稳定的营养保健型乳酸饮料。     

胡萝卜、枸杞、苹果醋复合保健饮料的研制

研究胡萝卜、枸杞、苹果醋复合保健饮料的工艺流程，用正交实验方法探索出饮料的最佳配方，生产出集营养、保健、风味于一体的天然保健饮料。     

Temperatures and ages of boxed beef packed and distributed in Canada

Boxes of beef were examined when product was packed and when boxes were loaded out of five packing plants, when boxes were loaded into and loaded out of seven refrigerated warehouses, and when boxes were received and opened at 21 retail stores. At each stage of handling at each facility, the boxes to be examined were selected at random. For each selected box, the temperature of product at the centre of the box was measured, and the date of packing and the plant of origin were noted. When cuts were packed, the minimum, median and maximum temperatures were about 2, 6 and 18 °C, respectively. Temperatures were successively lower when boxes were loaded out of packing plants, into warehouses and out of warehouses. When loaded out of warehouses, the minimum, median and maximum temperatures were about −2, 1 and 8 °C, respectively. The ranges of temperatures were similar, but the median temperatures were about 2 or 1.5 °C, respectively, when boxes were received at or were opened at retail stores. At packing plants and warehouses, the temperatures of manufacturing and ground beef were lower than those of cuts, but at the retail store the temperatures of all types of product were similar. When boxes were opened at retail stores, the minimum, median and maximum ages of cuts were about 2, 20 and 130 days, respectively; and the corresponding ages for manufacturing and ground beef were 2, 7 and 56 days, respectively. The data indicate that boxed beef is generally cooled to and maintained at temperatures within the range sought by the meat industry. However, cooling to chiller temperatures of product that is packed while warm can take several days; and some product is held for times that are excessive in view of the temperatures of boxed beef.     

水牛乳中可培养乳酸菌多样性分析

采用传统分离培养方法,从三品杂交生水牛奶混合样品中,分离出105株乳酸菌,通过形态、生理生化、API细菌鉴定系统及16S rDNA基因序列分析方法对各菌株属种进行鉴定。16S rRNA序列分析结果显示,105株菌共分为5个属8个种,呈现较为丰富的乳酸菌多样性,具体数量分布为乳酸乳球菌21株,植物乳杆菌19株,格氏乳球菌17株,乳明串珠菌13株,食窦魏斯氏菌11株,肠膜明串珠菌8株,类肠膜魏斯氏菌6株,嗜热链球菌5株,糊精乳杆菌5株。由此可知,水牛乳中可培养乳酸菌优势菌群的主次关系为：乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）＞植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantaru）＞格氏乳球菌（Lactococcus garvieae）＞乳明串珠菌（Leuconostoc lactis）＞食窦魏斯氏菌（Weissella cibaria）,此为后续开发水牛乳中优势乳酸菌资源提供了良好的理论基础。     

Sensitivity of Methods of Variance Component Estimation to Culling Type of Selection

Two pseudoexpectation methods of variance component estimation were examined for selection bias from culling and were compared with Henderson's simple method and restricted maximum likelihood. Milk yield data were simulated for 100 herds, 50 sires, and approximately 2000 cows per replicate. Heritability was .25, and repeatability was .50. Each cow had two records. Twenty replicates were made. Two data sets were created; one was unselected and included both records of the cow, and the second excluded second records of cows with first records below the herd mean. Sire, cow, and error variances were estimated according to a mixed model that included fixed herd, parity, and random sire, cow, and error effects. Estimates of sire, cow, and error variances and heritability and repeatability were unbiased and were similar for all methods for unselected data. For selected data, sire and cow variances were overestimated and error variances were underestimated with Henderson's simple method and the pseudoexpectation methods. Accordingly, heritabilities and repeatabilities were overestimated. Biases were greatest for Henderson's simple method and differences between the two pseudoexpectation methods were small. With restricted maximum likelihood, sire variances were unbiased but error variances were slightly overestimated and cow variances underestimated. Use of restricted maximum likelihood is preferred with selected data.     

豆类纤维素和蛋白质对豆淀粉理化性质影响研究

选取豌豆、红豆和绿豆三种样品豆,并分别制备豆全粉、除纤维素豆粉、豆淀粉三种样品,研究它们溶胀度、可溶指数、直链淀粉含量、糊化性、质构性等性质。结果表明,三种样品豆的豆全粉、除纤维素豆粉、豆淀粉的粘度差异较大,其中以豆淀粉粘度最高,除纤维素豆粉次之,豆全粉粘度最低;豆淀粉硬度、胶粘性和咀嚼性高于豆全粉和除纤维素豆粉;随温度升高,三种样品豆的豆全粉、除纤维素豆粉、豆淀粉溶胀度和可溶指数均呈现递增趋势,其中豆全粉可溶指数明显高于除纤维素豆粉和豆淀粉;在较高温度下,豆淀粉溶胀度要高于除纤维素豆粉和豆全粉。     

新疆乳品中乳酸菌的多样性及耐药性分析

从新疆北部地区采集的样品中分离出103株乳酸菌并进行生理生化表型鉴定,对这些乳酸菌进行16S rRNA基因序列测序,构建系统发育树发现分离的乳酸菌主要为5个属分别为乳杆菌属、肠球菌属、乳球菌属、魏斯式菌属、明串珠菌属。采用纸片扩散法（K-B）研究不同属中不同乳酸菌对8种常见抗生素的耐药性分析。耐药性研究表明,分别有6株对链霉素、新霉素有耐药性,5株对红霉素有耐药性,7株对卡那霉素有耐药性,8株全部对萘啶酸具有耐药性,4株对万古霉素、四环素具有耐药性,2株对头孢唑肟存在耐药性。     

河南省保健食品中污染物调查

目的了解保健食品中重金属、微生物及农药污染情况。方法样品为2008—2013年由保健食品生产、经营企业送检和监督部门抽检的产品共1 962份,采用GB/T 5009、GB 5009、GB/T 4789、GB 4789规定的方法,对2008—2013年河南省保健食品中的重金属、微生物、农药残留进行检测及分析。结果 6年间铅、砷、汞总超标率分别为6.67%(120/1 800)、6.12%(110/1 798)和1.32%(13/988),铅、砷年度超标率呈下降趋势,汞年度超标率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。菌落总数、霉菌及酵母菌总超标率分别为5.25%、3.55%和0.32%,其年度超标率均呈下降趋势,大肠菌群年度超标率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。铅、砷、汞、大肠菌群及霉菌超标主要集中于植物及动物类保健食品;铅、砷、汞、菌落总数、大肠菌群及霉菌超标率均以丸剂最高;植物类、动物类及营养素补充剂类保健食品的铅含量均值分别为0.71、0.74和0.31 mg/kg,砷含量均值分别为0.41、0.39和0.12 mg/kg,汞含量均值分别为0.07、0.04和0.03 mg/kg。致病菌未检出。检测377份样品的六六六、滴滴涕,均未超标。结论重金属污染较重,但超标率趋于下降,微生物存在不同程度污染但有所好转,植物类、动物类及丸剂保健食品风险较大;六六六、滴滴涕污染较低。     

水性聚氨酯涂饰剂的性能分析

对几种水性聚氨酯涂饰剂的性能进行了多方面的测定分析,包括聚氨酯涂饰剂的含固量和pH值、聚氨酯涂饰剂膜的感观和机械性能、聚氨酯涂饰剂运用于涂饰中时涂层的性能。通过测定分析了解了这些聚氨酯涂饰剂的优缺点,以及它们用于皮革涂饰工艺中时所适用的涂饰种类。     

芦苇叶类黄酮高效液相色谱分析

目的：分析芦苇叶类黄酮的组分。方法：制备芦苇叶类黄酮提取浓缩过程中形成的析出物和浓缩液再经大孔树脂纯化后产生的初纯物,优化两种样品中类黄酮苷转化为苷元的水解条件,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定两种样品和其水解样品类黄酮的组分。结果：析出物和初纯物的总黄酮含量分别为57.1%和18.5%,酸浓度1.4mol/L、温度80～90℃条件下水解4h可获得相对最好的水解效果;HPLC测定表明,析出物含32种组分,其中7种得到确定,初纯物含22种组分,其中5种得到确定;水解析出物含28种组分,其中7种得到确定,水解初纯物含25种组分,其中7种得到确定。结论：芦苇叶含有芦丁、野黄芩苷、橙皮苷、木犀草素、槲皮素、芹菜素、山奈酚、异鼠李素(或橙皮素)、异甘草素和黄芩素,其中芹菜素含量最高,还有许多未确定的类黄酮。     

食用猪油保质的研究进展

综述了人工合成抗氧化剂、天然抗氧化剂、复合型抗氧化剂、微生物抗氧化和物理方法在猪油保质研究中应用的原理和现状。发现人工抗氧化剂效果好,但有一定副作用;大部分天然抗氧化剂效果和稳定性不如人工抗氧化剂,且不易分离;物理方法保存无污染但操作繁琐;使用复合抗氧化剂、微生物抗氧化剂效果好,无副作用,使用方便,是猪油保质研究的发展趋势。     

我国主要烟草青枯病病圃青枯菌系统发育分析

为探究我国主要植烟区烟草青枯病鉴定病圃中青枯菌的系统发育,采用演化型分类框架下的序列变种分类方法,对从各烟株和土壤样品中分离得到的100株青枯菌进行系统发育分析。结果表明,所有菌株可归为4个分支,分别为序列变种15、17、34、54。其中,云南文山州广南县病圃中的菌株为序列变种17和54,福建泰宁县的菌株为序列变种34,福建三明市三元区的菌株为序列变种15和34,广东白云区的菌株为序列变种15和17,广东南雄市的菌株为序列变种15、17和34,安徽宣城市宣州区的菌株为序列变种34和54,贵州福泉的菌株为序列变种17,重庆彭水的菌株为序列变种17。本研究发现同一病圃中存在多个序列变种,某些病圃同一地块中烟株与土壤分离所得菌株序列变种不一致。