白炭黑二次投料工艺对胶料加工性及物理性能的影响

研究了GK400密炼机中,白炭黑二次投料新型混炼工艺对胶料加工性能及物理性能的影响,通过对普通密炼机的工艺改进,采用白炭黑二次投料混炼工艺,可比普通混炼工艺胶料的炭黑分散度提升1~2个等级,胶料的物理性能有所提高,同时改善了后工序的混炼胶气孔。     

HF串联密炼机炼胶工艺技术研究

串联密炼机在能源消耗与胶料性能改善方面有突出优点,它采用啮合型转子结构对胶料进行剪切混炼,混炼效果好,冷却效果良好,适合白炭黑混炼的热履历炼胶控制、转子转数控制等。本文对HF串联密烁机的产量、胶料的性能和动态粘弹性能进行了实验研究,并与普通密炼机进行了对比,结果表明：HF串联密炼机炭黑宏观分散度高,微观分散效果也比一般密炼机好,混炼的胶料扯断强度和扯断伸长率高,胶料在60℃时的动态滞后损失要低于F370混炼的胶料,因此,HF串联密炼机适合绿色环保轮胎高混炼的要求。     

GK-5E型密炼机混炼工艺的研究

采用具有转子密封圈油密封系统的GK-5E型密炼机,研究不同填料体系胶料在混炼过程中的质量变化、密度及拉伸性能。结果表明：用于密封的机械油会在混炼过程中部分进入到混炼胶中;混炼温度和混炼时间对硫化胶的拉伸性能影响不大;胶料配方中白炭黑用量过大会影响混炼时间,进而对硫化胶的拉伸性能产生影响。     

同步转子密炼机转子转速的确定

试验研究了在同步转子密炼机填充系数、上顶栓压力和冷却水温度一定的条件下,改变转子转速(r)后密炼机的混炼性能以及混炼胶的力学性能,表明转子转速(r)对密炼机的混炼特性有非常显著的影响;在胶料配方和其他工艺条件一定的前提下,对密炼机而言,转子转速(r)存在最佳值。     

VIC型密炼机用于白炭黑胶料混炼工艺的探讨

温度控制法是目前密炼机排料控制中最常用的方法之一。排料温度不仅影响到混炼胶的性能,而且还影响到产品的使用寿命,特别是对热敏性橡胶和含有白炭黑等特殊材料要求的混炼就更为重要。VIC密炼机具有优良冷却效果和混炼温度可控的优点,本文应用VIC275密炼机对含有白炭黑的胶料进行了混炼实验,实验结果表明其混炼胶性能有了大幅度的提高。     

串联式混炼工艺对不同用量白炭黑配方胶料的适应性研究

介绍串联式混炼设备中下游啮合型转子和共流型转子的连续混炼特点,进行两种转子类型在不同白炭黑用量下的胶料混炼试验。分析对比试验数据,获得了串联式混炼不同下游转子类型对白炭黑用量变化的适应性,以及白炭黑用量对能耗、功率和混炼胶物理性能的影响。     

支持向量机在混炼胶炭黑分散度预测中的应用

以最大瞬时功率、混炼时间、混炼温度和单位能耗作为输入变量,采用支持向量机建立混炼胶炭黑分散度的预测模型,以实现密炼机混炼胶分散度的在线预测.通过在5种配方胶料的各13个样本中取44个组成训练集,并在每种配方胶料中抽取4个进行测试,对支持向量机模型进行训练和测试.结果表明,采用支持向量机对混炼胶分散度进行预测是可行的.     

用于混炼白炭黑填充胶料的啮合式密炼机的最新混炼技术

本文论述了混炼参数对白炭黑填充胶料性能的影响,并对那些能够改善硅烷化反应效率的因素和装备有现代化啮合式转子的密炼机的混炼性能进行了论述。对这种最新型的啮合式转子对白炭黑填充胶料混炼反应的功效进行了研究。     

用行星式螺杆挤出机连续混炼白炭黑填充胶料

研究了用行星式螺杆挤出机连续混炼的白炭黑填充胶料。研究用的原材料为乳聚SBR／白炭黑／硅烷／填料复合胶料,填料与硅烷在复合胶料的制备过程中充分反应,生成了完全硅烷化的白炭黑。由于行星式螺杆挤出机具有极强的冷却能力,所以,所有胶料组分,包括交联剂都可在同一个喂料段计量加入。未发现混炼胶有焦烧现象,连续混炼胶料的性能（如,填料分散和交联性能）以及硫化胶性能（如,拉伸强度和硬度）都与用密炼机混炼的胶料相当。连续混炼的能耗仅为密炼机混炼的1／3。     

不同类型密炼机转子对白炭黑填充溶聚丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶胶料性能的影响

针对白炭黑填充溶聚丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶胶料,研究不同类型密炼机转子（啮合型转子和剪切型转子）对胶料性能的影响。结果表明：采用啮合型转子密炼机混炼白炭黑胶料,能够降低白炭黑在胶料中的絮凝和胶料的Payne效应,延长胶料的焦烧时间,提升胶料加工安全性,同时可以降低胶料的滚动阻力,提高胶料老化后的物理性能。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。