X波段微型片式T/R组件的设计方法

片式T/R组件是一种新集成形态的微波集成产品,由于采用了基板立体堆叠的三维立体集成方法,具有小、薄、轻的特点,主要应用于星载相控阵天线以及共形相控阵、智能蒙皮等新型电子系统.以X波段微型片式T/R组件设计研究为例,对此类新形态微波集成产品的实现方式进行了阐述.该组件通过采用基板立体堆叠的三维立体集成方法,能在20 mm...     

基于硅基堆叠SIP技术的超宽带T/R组件

传统的超宽带T/R组件采用的是两维砖块式结构,体积和重量已不适应目前小型化、低剖面、易共形的相控阵天线要求。文中提出的基于硅基堆叠系统级封装(SIP)技术,将四通道的射频芯片高度集成在硅基介质基板上,将多层介质基板厚金压合,实现多层堆叠的三维封装。通过采用芯片多功能集成技术和超宽带射频信号的垂直互连技术,设计出三维堆叠的四通道超宽带T/R组件。T/R组件带宽为6 GHz～18 GHz,单通道的发射功率优于23 dBm,接收增益优于20 dB,可实现6位数控衰减及6位数控移相,尺寸仅有13.0 mm×13.0 mm×3.4 mm。该技术可以实现多通道超宽带T/R组件的SIP封装,有利于工程应用。     

一种小型化有源相控阵天线设计与测试

文章设计了一种小型化有源相控阵天线,阵元采用低剖面双馈圆极化技术,轴比性能优异;T/R组件采用片式组件表贴综合网络技术,与常规砖式或瓦式相控阵天线的多次封装和模块连接相比,该天线通过一次封装集成实现了相控阵天线的轻、薄、小目标。通过紧缩场暗室测试和对星测试,结果表明,天线工作稳定可靠,性能优异。     

一种基于硅基MEMS三维异构集成技术的T/R组件

基于硅基微电子机械系统(MEMS)三维异构集成工艺,设计并制作了用于相控阵天线系统的三维堆叠式Ku波段双通道T/R组件。该组件由两层硅基结构通过球栅阵列(BGA)植球堆叠而成,上下两层硅基封装均采用5层硅片通过硅通孔(TSV)、晶圆级键合工艺实现。组件集成了六位数控移相、六位数控衰减、串转并、电源调制、逻辑控制等功能,最终组件尺寸仅为15 mm×8 mm×3.8 mm。测试结果表明,在Ku波段内,该组件发射通道饱和输出功率大于24 dBm,单通道发射增益大于20 dB,接收通道增益大于20 dB,噪声系数小于3.0 dB。该组件性能好,质量轻,体积小,加工精确度高,组装效率高。     

Ku波段多通道瓦片式T/R组件的设计

本文给出了一种多通道、低成本、高密度的宽带瓦片式 T/R 组件集成方案。T/R 组件集成了 16 个收发分时工作的 T/R 通道，每个通道收发电源调制和幅度相位均可独立控制，并且包含负电保护，温度检测等功能。为了降低尺寸和重量，采用瓦片式结构，重量小于 55g，相比于砖块式的 T/R 组件，重量比约为 1：4。该组件采用 MCM(多芯片组件)技术设计，并对多个芯片进行了集成设计，实现了平均每个通道只有 1.5 片射频芯片，降低成本的同时增加了微组装的简便性和可靠性。根据本文提出的集成方案进行了实物设计，并完成了实物测试，测试结果满足设计指标。     

基于三维异构集成技术的X波段4通道收发模组

基于硅基微电子机械系统(MEMS)三维异构集成工艺,设计了一款适用于相控阵天线系统的三维堆叠4通道T/R模组。模组由3层功能芯片堆叠而成,3层功能芯片之间采用贯穿硅通孔(TSV)和球栅阵列实现电气互连;模组集成了6位数控移相、6位数控衰减、串转并、负压偏置和电源调制等功能,最终尺寸为12 mm×12 mm×3.8 mm。测试结果表明,在X波段内,模组的饱和发射输出功率为30 dBm,单通道发射增益可达27 dB,接收通道增益为23 dB,噪声系数小于1.65 dB。该模组性能优异,集成度高,适合批量生产。     

一种片式有源天线结构设计与分析

片式有源天线具有剖面低、重量轻和集成度高等特点,使其成为当前雷达天线领域的研究热点。本文根据某平台的设计要求,介绍了一种片式有源天线集成架构,包括天线辐射层、背腔兼结构/热控层、片式T/R组件层和综合馈电网络层。该架构形式通过垂直盲配互连方式将各个功能层进行高密度集成装配设计。通过热力仿真分析对片式有源天线进行了环境适应性验证。加工组装后的原理样机剖面高度和面密度均满足设计要求。     

基于LTCC 厚薄膜混合基板的Ka 波段T/ R 组件封装技术

收发组件的集成封装技术是毫米波二维有源相控阵领域应用研究的重点和难点。文中采用基于低温共烧陶瓷厚薄膜混合基板制造工艺技术,同时结合先进的微组装工艺,实现了Ka 波段八单元组件的高精度、高密度及气密封装;给出了收发组件的封装模型,通过仿真与实测对比着重分析了垂直互联、功率分配/ 合成网路及通道隔离的提升等关键技术,并测试了无源组件的微波性能。结果表明:该集成封装技术能够满足二维毫米波相控阵天线对T/ R 组件小型轻量化和高组装密度的技术要求。     

基于异构集成技术的相控阵T/R组件微系统

基于硅基微电子机械系统(MEMS)工艺和三维异构集成技术,研制了一款硅基X波段2×2相控阵T/R组件.该组件采用收发一体多功能芯片方案,将所有器件封装于两层硅基中.其中上层硅基集成了低噪声放大器、功率放大器、开关、电源调制驱动器和PMOSFET等芯片,下层硅基集成了多功能芯片、串/并转换芯片以及逻辑运算芯片;两层硅基封装之间通过植球进行堆叠.最终样品尺寸仅为20 mm×20 mm×3 mm.实测结果显示,在8～ 12 GHz内,该T/R组件饱和输出功率约为29 dBm,接收增益约为21 dB,接收噪声系数小于3 dB,在具备优良射频性能的同时实现了组件的小型化.     

一种用于相控阵天线测试的波控平台设计

针对相控阵雷达天线测试中组件单元数多、数据运算量大、测试过程繁琐等特点,设计了一种波束控制通用测试平台。该平台综合运用计算机软硬件技术、数据处理技术、自动测试技术,将大量复杂的运算集成在计算机中,并模拟雷达真实工作状态,缩短了天线阵面测试周期,实现了相控阵天线的快速、简便测量。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks