PA6／PET共混物的非等温结晶动力学研究

采用等速升温和等速降温ＤＳＣ法对ＰＡ６／ＰＥＴ共混物的非等温结晶动力学进行了研究。在升温和降温ＤＳＣ相变曲线上，ＰＡ６／ＰＥＴ共混物具有双重熔融峰和双重结晶峰，表明ＰＡ６和ＰＥＴ组分可形成各自的结晶体。给出了各组分的结晶峰温度、结晶峰的半高宽、结晶半时间等表征结晶行为的参数，并讨论了影响结晶的因素。     

PBT／PET并列型复合纺丝的研究

就ＰＢＴ、ＰＥＴ两种聚合物材料的流变性能和ＰＢＴ／ＰＥＴ并列型复合纤维的熔纺温度之间的关系进行了讨论，指出ＰＢＴ宜低温熔融、高温纺丝，ＰＥＴ则相反．同时．还考察了复合比对初生丝热性能、ＤＴ丝卷缩性能的影响，表明随着ＰＢＴ组份量的增加，Ｔｇ转变和冷结晶放热峰移向较低温位．且后者峰面积相应缩小；ＰＢＴ熔融吸热峰面积增大．ＰＥＴ的则相应缩小；ＤＴ丝的卷缩率增大．卷缩稳定性则变差．此外．还就纺丝速度对初生丝热性能和结晶度的影响进行了探讨．发现随着纺丝速度的提高，初生丝ＤＳＣ扫描曲线上的冷结晶移向较低温位，而两组份的熔融吸热峰似无变化；初生丝结晶应随纺速的提高而略有增加．但增幅不大．     

PHB／PET／HQ—TPQ液晶共聚酯纤维的制备及结构性能研究

对所合成的ＰＨＢ／ＰＥＴ／ＨＱ－ＴＰＡ三元液晶共共聚酯进行纺丝实验，制备了实姓纤维并对其进行热处理。利用ＤＣＳ、ＷＡＸＤ、密度、Ｓ－Ｓ曲线等方法对初生纤维及热处理后纤维的结构与性能进行了研究。结果表明：该体系的液晶具有有较好的可纺性，初生纤维在ＤＳＣ升温过程中有冷结晶峰和熔融双峰现象产生，实姓纤维经热处理后，可使基微晶尺寸有较大提高，力学性能得到一定程度改善，但未使其取向性能得到到进一步改善。     

PHB/PET/HQ-TPA液晶共聚酯纤维的制备及结构性能研究

对所合成的ＰＨＢ／ＰＥＴ／ＨＱ－ＴＰＡ三元液晶共聚酯进行纺丝实验，制备了初生纤维并对其进行了热处理。利用ＤＳＣ，ＷＡＸＤ，密度，Ｓ－Ｓ曲线等方法对初生纤维及热处理后纤维的结构与性能进行了研究。结果表明：该体系的液晶共聚酯具有较好的可纺性，初生纤维在ＤＳＣ升温过程中有冷结晶峰和熔融双峰现象产生，初生纤维经热处理后，可使其微晶尺寸有较大提高，力学性能得到一定程度改善，但未使其取向性能得到进一步改善。     

反应挤了HDPE／PET共混合金结构与性能研究

采用ＤＳＣ、ＷＡＸＤ、ＳＥＭ及ＴＧＡ等方法研究了ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＥＴ共混合金在增溶剂Ｅ／ＶＡＣ或Ｅ／ＡＡ作用下的结晶性、形态结构及热稳定性。结果表明，Ｅ／ＶＡＣ或Ｅ／ＡＡ的加入，使ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＥＴ体系中ＨＤＰＥ组分的熔融热焓降低，结晶度下降，但熔融峰位置和晶胞基本保持不变；从ＳＥＭ照片可以观察到Ｅ／ＶＡＣ、Ｅ／ＡＡ对共混体系具有一定的增容作用，Ｅ／ＡＡ和效果优于Ｅ／ＶＡＣ；共混体系的热稳定性随Ｅ／ＶＡ     

PET/PBT扩链反应共混物的结晶熔融行为

用差示扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ）考察了添加扩链剂进行反应性共混后ＰＥＴ／ＰＢＴ的结晶熔融行为。共混体系的特性粘数随反应时间的增加先升后降,冷结晶温度随时间的增加逐渐升高,熔体结晶温度和熔点随之下降     

新型改性聚酯——PET/CDP共混纤维的研究

采用阳离子可染聚酯(ＣＤＰ)切片同普通聚酯(ＰＥＴ)共混,制备了新型改性聚酯——ＰＥＴ/ＣＤＰ共混纤维。采用ＤＳＣ和结晶速率仪研究了新型改性聚酯的热性能及结晶性能,并且测定了它的染色性能、吸湿性能和力学性能。     

含TLCP的PET共混纤维结构和性能

以热致性液晶共聚酯——聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯／对羟基苯甲酸（ＰＥＴ／ＰＨＢ）作为添加剂与ＰＥＴ共混纺丝，研究该ＰＥＴ／ＴＬＣＰ（热致性液晶高聚物）共混物的可纺性，并用ＤＳＣ、Ｘ光衍射、声速和应力－应变等方法对纤维的热性能、结晶和取向结构以及力学性能进行了表征。结果表明，ＴＬＣＰ质量含量为５％左右的ＰＥＴ共混物可纺性良好。ＴＬＣＰ对ＰＥＴ从熔体结晶具有阻止作用，共混初生纤维的玻璃化转变和冷结晶温度均因ＴＬＣＰ的存在而升高。ＴＬＣＰ质量含量为５％的共混物纤维结晶结构与纯ＰＥＴ纤维相似，但晶粒尺寸较小，且晶粒尺寸大小与共混物组成、喷丝头拉伸比和后拉伸比有关。ＴＬＣＰ含量增加，共混纤维取向度和模量增大，而强度下降，但后拉伸可使纤维强度有较大的提高。     

聚酯/液晶聚合物共混纤维的热处理

采用Ｘ射线衍射法、双折射法以及声速法研究了ＰＥＴ及其与液晶聚合物（ＬＣＰ）的共混初生纤维以及经过热处理后纤维的结晶结构和取向结构,并用应力－应变（Ｓ－Ｓ）法测定其断裂强度和初始模量。结果表明,ＬＣＰ的加入使初生纤维取向度和结晶度均下降,而喷头拉伸率增大则使共混初生纤维的结晶度和取向度均提高;由较大喷丝头拉伸率得到的共混纤维经热处理后取向度下降,而结晶度增大;当ＬＣＰ含量大于或等于１０％时,经热处理后共混纤维取向度下降;纤维２１０℃热处理后的晶粒尺寸明显大于１８０℃处理的,且前者的纤维各晶面的晶粒尺寸随着ＬＣＰ加入均有增大;纯ＰＥＴ纤维经热处理后力学性能提高,而ＰＥＴ／ＬＣＰ共混纤维热处理前后力学性能则呈较复杂的变化。     

PET离聚物共混体系的结晶与熔融行为研究

利用ＤＳＣ对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＰＥＴ）与离聚物Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ和Ａｃｌｙｎ系列组成的共混体系的结晶与熔融行为进行了研究．结果表明，离聚物对ＰＥＴ的低温与高温结晶都有十分明显的促进作用，离聚物Ｎａ盐比离聚物Ｚｎ盐对ＰＥＴ的结晶加速作用显著。共混体系的熔融热焓随离聚物Ｎａ盐含量的增加有所降低，随Ｚｎ盐含量的增加稍有提高，两者的熔点及熔限与熔融热焓的变化规律一致．     

Study of multiple melting behaviour of syndiotactic polystyrene in β‐crystalline form

A series of syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS) samples in β‐crystalline form were prepared by cooling from the melt at various rates. The effects of cooling rate from the melt, DSC heating rate and annealing on the multiple melting behaviours of β crystals were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC), from which the nature of the multiple melting behaviour was determined. The two melting endotherms of β‐form crystals were considered to arise from the occurrence of simultaneous melting, recrystallization and remelting processes in the melting region. It is suggested that the lower melting endotherm is due to the melting of imperfect β crystals originally present in the sample, whereas the higher melting endotherm comes from the melting of recrystallized SPS crystals, ie more perfect β crystals that formed during the DSC scanning process. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Studies on co[poly(ethylene terephthalate-p-oxybenzoate)] thermotropic copolyester (IV) thermal history by differential scanning calorimetry

A series of co[poly(ethylene terephthalate-p-oxybenzoate)] thermotropic copolyesters with various compositions were prepared by the copolymerization of either poly(ethylene terephthalate) polymer (PET) or its oligomer (OET) as moiety (II) and p-acetoxy-benzoic acid (POB) as moiety (I). The polymeric products obtained were then subjected to solid-state polymerization. The glass and melting transitions of the copolyesters obtained have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Effects of composition and solid-state polymerization on DSC are discussed. The melting point of copolyesters possesses a higher value if the PET polymer is used as PET moiety in the copolyesters. In the DSC scan of the POB rich composition, the endothermic peak shows obscurely and enthalpy of fusion becomes small due to the change in the crystalline morphology from isotropic to anisotropic. In general, the melting point of copolyesters is increased by the solid-state polymerization reaction. It is also found that both the melting temperature and enthalpy of fusion of the copolyesters can be increased simultaneously by the solid-state polymerization reaction only when the composition of POB/PET is 80/20. This phenomenum at this composition may be attributed to the annealing effect caused by the randomness of two moiety units on the backbone chain of copolyesters and the increased molecular weight as well. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Properties of a semi-crystalline and an amorphous thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer

The physical properties, thermal stability, rheology and tensile properties of a commercial semi-crystalline and an amorphous thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) have been investigated. Analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) confirm the presence of a small melting endotherm and a glass transition in the former material. The as-received amorphous TLCP exhibits no obvious melting endotherm and a strong glass transition is detected. The flow and tensile properties of the semicrystalline polymer are dominated by the presence of the crystalline to nematic transition temperature. The properties of the amorphous TLCP appear to be governed by increasing mobility afforded by increasing temperature. Based on flow behaviour and further DSC analysis it has been shown that under appropriate annealing conditions the as-received amorphous TLCP can develop solid crystalline order.     

The relationship between microstructure and toughness of biaxially oriented semicrystalline polyester films

The relationship between microstructure and toughness of biaxially stretched semicrystalline polyester films was investigated. Optically transparent films were prepared by simultaneous biaxial stretching of melt-cast sheets near the glass transition temperature. Copolyesters of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with different compositions of two diols: ethylene glycol (EG) and cyclohexane dimethanol (CHDM), and stoichiometrically matched terephthalic acid were used to produce films with different degrees of crystallinity. In addition, the PET films with different crystalline morphologies were produced by constrained high temperature annealing of biaxially oriented films. The toughness, degree of crystallinity and crystalline morphology/molecular ordering were studied using mechanical testing, synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) techniques, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate that the toughness of a semicrystalline polymeric film is determined by the interconnectivity of the crystalline phase within the amorphous phase and is greatly influenced by the degree of crystallinity and the underlying crystalline morphology.     

The influence of fibers on the crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) as related to processing of composites

The effect of fiber reinforcement on the isothermal crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Unidirectional fiber composites were prepared using glass and aramid fibers in PET. The rate of crystallization, as reflected by crystallization half-time, and the degree of crystallinity of PET are seen to depend on the type of reinforcing fiber as well as on crystallization temperature. Crystallization kinetics are also analyzed using an Avrami model for the volume of polymer crystallized as a function of time. The crystalline morphology of PET in fiber-reinforced systems was studied using polarized light microscopy. Results concerning nucleation densities and growth morphologies are used in explaining differences seen in crystallization kinetics in fiber-reinforced systems.     

On the triple melting behaviour of poly(ethylene succinate)

The morphology of melt-crystallized poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) was investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the melting behaviour of PES was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). At low crystallization temperature imperfect crystals were formed which could melt and recrystallize during the DSC scan. Triple melting peaks were observed, and the melting behaviour was strongly dependent on crystallization time and scan rate. It was observed that crystallization at high temperature perfected the crystals (dominant and subsidiary lamellae in the spherulitic structure). Increasing the scan rate reduced the chance for reorganization. However, at high crystallization temperature two melting peaks were observed. The material formed was much more perfect, so that the melting process was not dominated by recrystallization. Accordingly, the cause of dual melting is the existence of two kinds of crystal perfection.     

Anionic copolymers of octanelactam with laurolactam (nylon 8/12 copolymers)—v. Effect of annealing on thermal properties and crystalline structure

The effects of different annealing time/temperature regimes on the thermal and crystalline behaviour of a series of statistical copolyamides (nylon 8/nylon 12), prepared by activated anionic polymerization of octanelactam/laurolactam (OL/LL), were determined by DSC, X-ray (WAXS), density and viscosity measurements. The melting temperature and the heat of melting increased with annealing time and temperature. The results were correlated with the molar composition of the copolyamides and showed a gradual increase in percentage crystallinity with time.     

Melting and crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(m‐xylylene adipamide) blends

The crystallization and melting behaviors as well as the crystalline morphologies of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Poly(m‐xylylene adipamide) (PET/MXD6) blends have been examined and characterized with the aid of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle x‐ray diffraction (WAXD). The isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of the blends were studied as functions of the contents of MXD6, catalyst concentrations, and the effects of the interchange reactions between PET and MXD6. Wide angle x‐ray scattering has been used to examine the crystalline morphologies of the PET/MXD6 blends, to characterize their crystalline and amorphous phases, and to determine crystallite sizes in the blends. Results indicate that the catalyst has both catalyzing and nucleation effects on the PET/MXD6 blends, with the extents of each effect dependent upon the content of catalyst. In addition the crystalline morphology was found to be dominated by the MXD6 content as well as the crystallization temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Morphology and melting behaviour of poly(ethylene terephthalate) crystallized from the glassy state

The influence of annealing conditions on the morphology and melting behaviour of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was studied. PET annealed under isothermal conditions often shows double melting endotherms depending on the annealing temperature (T_a) and the heating rate of the calorimeter. It was found that the morphological structure and the lower melting peak depend strongly on the annealing temperature, T_a. The increase of the lower melting peak temperature with T_a is due to an increase of the lamellar thickness within the spherulitic structure and to a higher crystallite perfection.