阴阳离子表面活性剂复配微乳液增溶性定量分析

利用Winsor相图及最佳增溶参数曲线对比了4种常见阴离子表面活性剂——十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SLS)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、乙氧基化烷基硫酸钠(AES)微乳液的增溶性能,增溶能力为SDBS>AES>SDS>SLS。选取增溶能力较小的SDS、SLS分别和阳离子表面活性剂十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(OTAC)复配微乳液,当达到最优复配比时,SDS/OTAC、SLS/OTAC体系的最佳增溶参数(SP*)较SDS、SLS体系分别增加了150%、170%,最佳盐度(S*)分别减少了91%和95%。研究还发现,当温度在20~50℃时,SDS/OTAC复配微乳体系的最佳增溶参数略微减小,最佳盐度稍微增加;温度超过50℃后,最佳增溶参数急剧减小,最佳盐度迅速增大。     

季铵盐类阳离子表面活性剂微乳液的增溶性能

以季铵盐类阳离子表面活性剂十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(OTAC)及十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)微乳液体系为研究对象,考察了其对单一有机物和有机混合物(正辛烷、正十二烷-正己烷、正十二烷-正庚烷、正十二烷-正辛烷)的增溶性能,探究了WinsorⅢ型微乳液最佳醇用量(A*)及最佳增溶参数(SP*)的变化规律。结果发现:两种阳离子表面活性剂微乳体系表现出相似的规律,即随着Na Cl质量分数的增加,SP*单调递增,A*单调递减;随着表面活性剂质量分数的增加,A*持续增大,SP*先增大后减小。油相为二组分有机混合物的微乳体系时,A*和SP*仅与有机混合物等效烷基碳数(EACN)有关,与混合物的种类无关。将拟合所得二组分有机混合物的微乳体系A*和SP*与EACN关系式用于预测四组分混合有机物的A*和SP*,与实验值对比发现两者吻合较好,表明可以用所得函数关系式预测相近EACN范围内的A*和SP*。     

水、盐对阳离子表面活性剂微乳液电导率的影响

在30℃及质量比为1:1:2的CTAB/正丁醇/苯的条件下,分别以水、酸、碱和盐作为分散相配置微乳液并测定电导率。结果表明,以水为分散相配置的微乳液微乳区为0.04-0.54之间,电导率范围为0.03-0.16s/m。以电解质溶液配置的微乳液微乳区均有大幅度减小,电导率也有些微减小;弱电解质或极稀电解质溶液配置的微乳液微乳区则没有变化,而电导率变化则各不相同。     

超高界面活性阴阳离子表面活性剂复合驱油体系研究

为提高高采出、高含水老油田采收率,研发了超高界面活性阴阳离子表面活性剂复合驱油体系S1。结果表明,针对胜利河口原油,在温度75～120℃,矿化度6 000～50 000 mg/L,二价离子100～2 000 mg/L,表面活性剂浓度0.05%～0.50%条件下,体系油水界面张力达到2×10~(-3)m N/m,增溶参数达到20。此外,该体系还可将岩石润湿性由油湿调变为中性润湿,是一种可有效调控油、水和岩石三相界面作用力,实现剥离原油和降低油水界面张力的超高界面活性原位微乳液表面活性剂体系。     

阴/阳离子表面活性剂复配微乳液体系的ε-β“鱼状”相图研究

用ε-β“鱼状”相图法研究了离子液体表面活性剂溴化1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑（C12mimBr）与十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）复配形成的SDS-C12mimBr/正丁醇/正辛烷/5%NaCl水溶液微乳液体系的相行为和增溶性能。阴、阳离子表面活性剂以不等摩尔比复配,由于强烈的静电作用,产生显著的协同作用,使复配体系的增溶性能比单一表面活性剂得到了显著的提高。     

阴-阳离子表面活性剂复配体系的研究

对阴离子表面活性剂与阳离子表面活性剂在水溶液中的相互作用进行了研究，并以阴阳离子表面活性剂为乳化剂，合成了稳定的聚有机硅氧烷乳液。     

阴阳离子表面活性剂复配型泡排剂的性能

该文运用阴阳离子表面活性剂复配体系具有协同效应和形成囊泡使泡沫稳定性增加的特点,优选出一类新型的用于气井泡沫排水的复配型泡排剂。结果表明,当阳离子表面活性剂的碳链长度小于16时,碳链越长,泡沫稳定性越好。利用正交实验设计,得到最佳质量比为m〔十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)〕∶m〔α-烯烃磺酸钠(AOS)〕∶m〔脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐(AES)〕∶m〔十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)〕=1∶2∶2∶2,半衰期接近SDS的4倍,引入聚氧乙烯链使泡沫稳定性增加。在一定Na+浓度范围内,体系泡沫黏度最大值为112 mPa.s,半衰期最大值为50 min;但Ca2+使体系容易形成沉淀,泡沫的性能变差。体系10 min时的泡沫携液体积为126.5 mL,与甲醇的配伍性好。     

阴/阳离子表面活性剂复配体系的物化性能--不同乙氧基化数对溶解性及表面张力的影响

研究了十二烷基甲基聚氧乙烯氯化铵与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐复配体系在不同乙氧基化数的溶解性、表面张力及临界胶束浓度。复配体系的溶解性随乙氧基化数的增加而增加，乙氧基化数为2的阳离子与乙氧基化数为2、3的阴离子复配。在较大的浓度范围内可以在水中形成透明的均匀溶液；乙氧基化数为5的阳离子与乙氧基化数为2、3的阴离子复配。在活性物质量分数为25％以下时完全透明。复配体系的临界胶束浓度(cmc)及其表面张力(rcmc)较单一组分低得多。且表面活性随乙氧基化数增加而下降。未经提纯的阴、阳离子表面活性剂，复配后其r—c曲线中最低值现象明显减弱至消失。     

非离子表面活性剂微乳液体系的相行为和增溶性能研究进展

综述了非离子表面活性剂微乳液体系的相行为和增溶性能及研究进展,对不同非离子表面活性剂、醇、油和盐类及温度等对其微乳液增溶性能的影响进行了讨论。     

Surface activity and solubilization of a novel series of functional polyurethane surfactants

Functional polyurethane surfactants (di‐block and tri‐block) were synthesized by addition polymerization of 2,4‐toluenediisocyanate with poly(propylene oxide) and monoallyl‐end‐capped poly(ethylene oxide). The chemical structure of the polyurethane surfactants was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. These polymeric surfactants were found to have excellent surface activity. The lowest surface tension of polyurethane surfactant aqueous solutions could be reduced to 37.6 mN m^?1. All the polyurethane surfactants synthesized had low critical micelle concentrations and could reduce the surface tension even at very low concentration levels (10^?6–10^?5 mol L^?1). The solubilization of toluene in micelles of the synthesized polyurethane surfactants was studied using UV‐visible spectroscopy, and the results showed that they all exhibited good solubilization capacity. Possible solubilization positions of toluene in the micelles are conjectured. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

聚合物对阴,阳离子表面活性剂增溶甲基黄的影响

研究了ＰＶＰ和ＰＥＧ对阴,阳离子表面活性剂单纯和复配体系对ＤＭＡＢ增溶的影响,实验表明,ＰＶＰ使阴,阳离子表面活性剂单纯及复配体系的增溶能力增强,而ＰＥＧ却使之降低。     

Synergistic solubilization of decafluorobiphenyl by micelles of fluorocarbon surfactants

Solubilization of decafluorobiphenyl (FBIP) by surfactants in aqueous solution was examined to investigate the properties of micelles composed of surfactants having a per-fluorocarbon chain. Fluorocarbon surfactants solubilize FBIP better than hydrocarbon surfactants. Significant solubilization by fluorocarbon surfactants was observed upon addition of salt. Highly synergistic solubilization of FBIP using surfactant mixtures was also observed for fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactants in the presence of salt. The high solubilization ability of surfactants can be attributed to micelle growth. A simple geometrical consideration of molecular packing in micelles revealed that the characteristic micelle is composed of bulky fluorocarbon chains. The solubilization behavior accompanied by micelle growth would be closely associated with a change in interfacial contact area between the micelle core and bulk water. The behavior of fluorescence intensity of micelle-solubilized FBIP also indicated a change in micropolarity of fluorocarbon micelles accompanied by micelle growth.     

新型缩醛型阴离子表面活性剂的合成

在三氟化硼乙醚溶液的催化下,庚醛与环氧氯丙烷反应生成2-己基-4-氯甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烷。中间体再与亚硫酸钠进行磺化反应,合成缩醛型可分解表面活性剂（2-己基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烷-4）甲烷-1-磺酸钠盐。考察了原料摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对合成2-己基-4-氯甲基-1,3-二氧杂环戊烷产率的影响。最佳反应条件为n（环氧氯丙烷）∶n（庚醛）=1.125∶1,催化剂用量为0.5 mL,反应温度为55℃,反应时间6 h,产率为44.5%。所得中间体及目标产物经核磁及红外表征,并测定产物的临界胶束浓度cmc为3.0×10-3 mol/L。     

Enhancement of wetting properties of water-insoluble surfactantsvia solubilization

Water-insoluble surfactants generally show poor wetting behavior in the Draves skein wetting test. This does not appear to be due to high equilibrium or dynamic surface tension values, but to the presence of insoluble surfactant in the system. The replacement of a small percentage of the insoluble surfactant by a water-soluble one capable of solubilizing the former can produce a dramatic improvement in wetting behavior, even when the equilibrium or dynamic surface tension of the system is not significantly changed. Increase in the strength of the attractive interaction between the two surfactants generally improves the clarity of the system and decreases its wetting time.     

Adsorption of some anionic surfactants on barite and at solution/Air interfaces

The adsorption behavior of synthesized anionic surfactants with the chemical structure RO-Ph-N=N-Ph-SO₃Na, where R is an octyl, dodecyl, or cetyl group, was analyzed by using a modified version of the Frumkin adsorption isotherm. The values of thermodynamic parameters (including free energy of micellization, ΔG _mic, and of adsorption, ΔG _ads) at the solution/air interface and the solid/liquid interface were calculated, and the relation between the adsorption of the surfactants at these interfaces was investigated. Studies of the surface properties of these synthetic surfactants showed that the length of the hydrocarbon chain of these surfactants plays a major role in determining their surface and thermodynamic properties and that there is a good relationship between the effectiveness of adsorption of the surfactant and its efficiency as a collector.     

咪唑类离子液体表面活性剂的合成及其形成微乳液的增溶能力研究

合成并提纯了3种离子液体表面活性剂——溴代-1-十二烷基(十四烷基、十六烷基)-3-甲基咪唑(C12 mimBr、C14mimBr、C16mimBr),利用平衡表面张力法测定了临界胶束浓度,检验了其纯度.利用δ-γ“鱼形”相图研究了C12 mimBr (C14mimBr、C16mimBr)/醇/烷烃/盐水(5％ NaC...     

Ion-chromatographic characterization of ethoxylated anionic surfactants

Alkyl ether sulfates (AES), analyzed by nonsuppressed or single-column ion chromatography with conductivity detection, generate profiles that are characteristic of the ethoxylate content. Identification of ethoxylation content was accomplished by calculating the slope of the log of the peak area for each homologue vs. the number of ethoxyl groups in the homologue. Quantitation of ethylene oxide content as well as quantitation of mixed alkyl sufates in the presence of AES in mixed surfactant systems is possible. Raw materials require only dilution in mobile phase, while finished products must be subjected to a solid-phase extraction by means of a reverse-phase cartridge and an ion-pair reagent. The chromatogram of the anionic surfactant yields the moles of ethoxylation and the characterization of the ethoxyl chain distribution. Anionic surfactant mixtures in products are identified and quantitated by reference to AES raw materials with a similar slope.     

Effect of alkyl groups in anionic surfactants on solution properties of anionic-nonionic surfactant system

The effect of different alkyl chains of anionic surfactants on properties of binary anionic-nonionic mixed surfactant systems was studied. These systems included ocytldodecyl-, and cetylsulfoacetates mixed with isooctyl phenol nonyl ethoxylate. The critical micelle concentration of mixed surfactants shifted to lower values compared to those of the single anionic surfactants. Effectiveness values increased with decreases in the mole fraction of anionic surfactants. The negative values of interaction parameter (β) increased with increases in the chain length of anionic surfactants.