聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用复合季胺盐制备反应性有机蒙脱土并参与三单体固相接枝聚合,加强蒙脱土（MMT）的熔融插层和稳定MMT的插层结构,制备剥离型的聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料（PPMN）．通过X射线衍射（XRD）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）,透射电镜（TEM）等测试手段研究了PPMN的结构和性能．结果表明：复合有机化和固相接枝的确加强了MMT的熔融插层．MMT的复合有机化和固相接枝的放热过程有助于MMT层间涨大和MMT剥离结构的形成．当PPGM的添加量在6—8phr时,PPMN的力学性能、流动性能和热性能达到一个较好的增强状态．PPMN力学性能和热性能的提高归功于剥离的蒙脱土的增强作用和接枝低聚物原位形成的界面增容作用;PPMN流动性能的改善来源于剥离的蒙脱土和固相接枝形成的低聚物的增塑作用．     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合包装材料的制备与力学性能研究

采用熔融插层法在双螺杆挤出机中制备了聚丙烯(PP)/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料,纳米复合材料机械性能测试结果表明,当有机蒙脱土(MMT)质量比为2%时,复合材料的综合力学性能明显优于聚丙烯(PP).扫描电镜观测不到纳米复合材料中明显的有机-无机相畴,表明蒙脱土(MMT)片层分散均匀,分散尺度已基本达到纳米级.     

PP/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及剪切粘度

应用双螺杆挤出机熔融插层制备出PP／蒙脱土纳米复合材料，X射线衍射表明，PP高分子链已插层进入有机蒙脱土片层之间。应用两种不同缝隙厚度的窄缝流变仪对PP及PP／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的剪切粘度及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明，PP／蒙脱土纳米复合材料为剪切变稀性流体。在190℃和210℃温度下，PP／蒙脱土纳米复合材料呈现类固体的非牛顿流体行为，剪切粘度随着剪切速率的升高逐渐降低。在230℃和剪切速率小于80s^-1的情况下，PP／蒙脱土纳米复合材料呈现类牛顿性流体行为。温度较高时,蒙脱土的含量对复合材料的剪切粘度的影响较为明显。     

一锅法乳液聚合制备聚苯乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

采用一锅法乳液聚合制备了聚幕乙烯／蒙脱土(PS／MMT)蚋米复合材料．一锅法即在无机蒙脱土(Na—MMT)有机化处理后,直接将乳化剂和幕乙烯单体等加入有机蒙脱土(O—MMT)悬浮液进行乳液聚合,克服了传统方法中有机蒙脱土在乳液聚合体系中不易分散的难题。XRD谱图表明,该方法成功地实现了聚苯乙烯对蒙脱土的插层．获得了良好的插层效果(蒙脱土d001面片层间距＞4nm);FT—IR表明,PS大分子链已插层进入蒙脱土片层间;DSC显示,蒙脱土的加入使聚幕乙烯的玻璃化温度Tε由原来的99．7℃提高到107．1℃;TGA表明．插层复合提高了聚幕乙烯的热稳定性。此外,由XRD谱图还初步提出了一锅法乳液聚合的插层机理。     

原位聚合制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其结构性能表征

首先制备MMT／MgCl2／TiCl4插层催化剂，并通过原位聚合的方法制得聚丙烯(PP)／蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料。XRD和TEM分析结果表明，蒙脱土在聚丙烯基体中被剥离并成纳米级分散。在低于80℃左右时，PP／MMT纳米复合材料的储能模量明显高于纯聚丙烯的储能模量。PP／MMT复合材料的玻璃化温度比纯PP提高了2℃～5℃。     

聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及结构

本文对钠基蒙脱土(Na—MMT)和经有机化处理过的有机蒙脱土(Org—MMT)分别与PP熔融共混进行研究，发现钠基蒙脱土和有机蒙脱土对PP力学性能有大幅度提高。同时，Na-MMT诱发了PP部分结晶晶型转变，经X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察，发现Na—MMT和Org-MMT填充PP的粒子形态和界面形态有显著差别。     

聚丙烯/聚乙二醇改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学和流变性能

通过熔融插层法制备了聚丙烯/蒙脱土(PP/MMT)纳米复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜表征了PP/MMT纳米复合材料的插层结构。XRD结果表明,经过聚乙二醇(PEG)处理的蒙脱土层间距增大;透射电镜(TEM)照片显示,蒙脱土在PP基体中达到纳米级分散,且分散均匀。PP/MMT纳米复合材料力学性能得到较大提高。加入5份改性MMT时,复合材料的缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率分别从纯PP的3.93kJ/m2、74.46%提高到9.95kJ/m2、220.66%。动态流变性能测试结果表明,MMT的加入降低了PP的复数黏度(η*)、储能模量(G′)和耗能模量(G″)。     

硅烷交联聚乙烯/纳米蒙脱土复合材料的研究

以聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐为载体树脂制备纳米蒙脱土母料，在双螺杆挤出机中制备了硅烷交联聚乙烯／有机蒙脱土复合材料，研究了有机蒙脱土含量对硅烷交联聚乙烯接枝料力学性能、热性能以及交联料交联度的影响，并使用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了复合材料的微观结构。结果表明：硅烷交联聚乙烯接枝料的力学性能得到了提高，拉伸强度最大提高了近30％，断裂延伸率基本不变；维卡软化温度及热稳定性有一定提高；交联料的交联度有所下降，但可以通过延长交联时间弥补。XRD和TEM表明硅烷接枝聚乙烯大分子能够实现对有机蒙脱土的插层。     

St-PMI-AN/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备与性能

采用乳液插层聚合的方法制备了苯乙烯（St）-N-苯基马来酰亚胺（PMI）-丙烯腈（AN）/蒙脱土纳米复合材料,并对复合材料的结构、热性能及力学性能进行了表征.结果表明,与蒙脱土插层复合后,复合材料的综合性能有很大提高.采用未经有机化处理的蒙脱土（MMT）制备St-PMI-AN/MMT纳米复合材料,制备工艺比采用有机化蒙脱土（OMMT）简单,而且得到的复合材料的综合性能与St-PMI-AN/OMMT相当,甚至其冲击强度略高.     

PP/PP-g-GMA-St/MMT纳米复合材料的制备与表征

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵处理钙基蒙脱土得到有机蒙脱土。采用反应挤出对极性很弱的PP进行接枝改性,得到接枝物PP-g-GMA-St,GMA的接枝率为0.7%。然后将其作为聚丙烯和有机蒙脱土的相容剂,熔融共混后得到分散效果良好的纳米复合材料。用FT-IR对接枝物进行了验证;并用XRD,TEM对复合体系的插层效果进行了分析和表征。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.