亚临界水提取植物源生物活性物质的研究进展

植物源生物活性物质如多酚、多糖等,因具有抗氧化和抗肿瘤等特性在功能性和保健食品中发挥着重要作用.多糖、多酚类物质通过氢键、疏水键等非共价键与蛋白质、脂质等物质在植物组织中紧密结合.如何利用绿色高效的方法从植物组织中提取生物活性成分已成为食品行业的研究热点.亚临界水不仅与有机溶剂溶解生物活性物质的能力接近,能削弱多糖、多...     

Optimization of Subcritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Using Hansen Solubility Parameters

ABSTRACT:  Process engineering operations in food and nutraceutical industries pertaining to the design of extraction of value-added products from biomass using pressurized liquids involve a careful selection of the solvent and optimal temperature conditions to achieve maximum yield. Complex molecular structure and limited physical property data in the literature of biological solutes extracted from biomass compounds have necessitated the process modeling of such operations. In this study, we have applied the Hansen 3-dimensional solubility parameter concept to optimize the extraction of molecularly complex solutes using subcritical fluid solvents. Hansen solubility spheres characterized by the relative energy differences (RED) have been used to characterize and quantify the solute–subcritical solvent interactions as a function of temperature. The solvent power of subcritical water and compressed hydroethanolic mixtures above their boiling points has been characterized using the above-mentioned method. The use of group contribution methods in collaboration with computerized algorithms to plot the Hansen spheres provides a quantitative prediction tool for optimizing the design of extraction conditions. The method can be used to estimate conditions for solute–solvent miscibility, an optimum temperature range for conducting extractions under pressurized conditions, and approximate extraction conditions of solutes from natural matrices.     

Optimization of Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Black Carrot Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

In this study, optimum conditions for the extraction of black carrot anthocyanins were determined by response surface methodology. Central composite design of extraction factors (pH 2.5–6.5, temperature 4–72 °C, solvent/solid ratio 5:1–25:1 v/w, ethanol/water ratio 0:100–100:0?v/v) was generated as two replicates. Total phenolic content, total monomeric anthocyanin content, polymeric color, total antioxidant activity, and anthocyanin composition determined by high-performance liquid chromatography were used as responses. Except for color analysis, higher temperature, solid/solvent ratio, and ethanol concentration were observed to increase the extraction yield. However, polymeric color results were found to have minimum values at lower pH and solid/solvent ratio, lower or moderate temperature, and higher ethanol concentration. Optimum extraction conditions were found as follows: 50 °C, pH 3.5, solvent solid ratio 10:1 (v/w), and ethanol/water ratio 75:25 (v/v) when all responses were considered. The validation of the optimum conditions for black carrot extraction was performed at specified values.     

汉麻叶的生物活性成分研究现状

本文对汉麻植株叶子中化学成分的生物活性研究概况进行了综述.汉麻叶中生物活性成分可分为大麻酚类化合物和非大麻酚类化合物,其中很多成分在医药领域具有显著的利用价值,有些已经应用于临床.本文对汉麻叶中不同种类的化合物的提取、分离和分析方法进行了总结,较为全面地论述了国内外有关大麻酚类化合物,特别是△9-THC、CBD、CBN等,以及非大麻酚类化合物,如黄酮、生物碱、多酚类和有机酸等,在抗癌、治疗神经疾病、抗菌、抗紫外、抗氧化等方面的研究进展和应用价值.此外,还对汉麻叶中化学成分在药物和护肤品领域中的应用前景进行了展望.汉麻叶可以作为多种生物活性成分的提取原料,生产具有高附加值的产品,是汉麻综合利用产业链中必不可少的环节.     

超声波辅助提取植物活性成份的研究进展

概述超声波强化提取的机理,综述超声波辅助提取植物活性物质的研究进展和现状,并分析超声波应用于食品加工领域进行强化提取的潜力,指出目前超声波辅助提取技术实现工业化生产存在的难题和今后的研究方向。     

Pretreatments for the Efficient Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plant-Based Biomaterials

The extraction of medicinal or functional compounds from herbal plants is an important unit operation in food and bio-industries. The target compounds are generally present inter- or intra-cellularly in an intricate microstructure formed by cells, intercellular spaces, capillaries, and pores. The major resistance of molecular diffusion in materials of plant origin always comes from the intact cell walls and adhering membranes. Therefore, increasing the permeability of cell walls and membranes plays a very important role to increase extraction yield and/or extraction rate.

Important pretreatment methods to modify the cellular structures and increase the permeability of cell walls or membranes are discussed in this paper. They include physical, biologic, and chemical treatments. In physical methods, mechanical disruption, high-pressure (HP) process, pulsed electric field (PEF) application, ultrasonic treatment, and freeze–thaw, and so on were applied. In biologic methods, different cell wall-degrading enzymes were applied to break-down cell walls or membranes and to diminish the overall internal resistance for transporting bioactive compounds from internal matrix to the external solution. In chemical methods, various chemicals for increasing the inner- or outer-membrane permeabilization were introduced. The principles of the technologies, examples of improvements, and advantages and disadvantages of the pretreatment methods are critically reviewed in this paper.     

亚临界水及超声强化亚临界水提取植物有效成分的动力学模型

本文依据传质理论和质量守恒原理,对天然植物中有效成分从固相向液相转移的传质过程进行合理的假设,以Fick第二扩散定律为基础建立了亚临界水提取(SWE)和超声强化亚临界水提取(USWE)天然植物有效成分的动力学模型;确立了用于估算亚临界水提取和超声强化亚临界水提取植物有效成分得率的方法;并以提取肉桂中代表性成分肉桂醛为例,以影响肉桂醛得率的重要因素---温度为考察指标,进行了不同温度下亚临界水提取和超声强化亚临界水提取肉桂醛的动力学模型验证实验。提取的动力学模型为(1)k tE E e-∞=-,通过模型检验证明了该动力学模型能很好的拟合提取的实验数据,且超声强化亚临界水提取的E∞和k值明显大于亚临界水提取,表明了超声对亚临界水提取过程有强化效应。该模型的建立为亚临界水提取和超声强化亚临界水提取植物有效成分的工业化应用和技术的推广提供了理论依据。     

藤茶活性成分的同步提取分离研究

以水为提取荆,同步提取藤茶中的二氢杨梅素、杨梅素和藤茶多糖.提取的最佳工艺参数为:提取温度95 ℃,提取时间120 min,料液比1∶25 (g/mL),原料粒度80目.粗提物经丙酮回流提取、浓缩、加水沉淀后得到晶体,晶体经重结晶4次后得到二氢杨梅素产品,其纯度可达91.3％,得率为4.2％;取丙酮提取后的不溶性残渣经...     

栗壳抑菌物质的提取及其抑菌作用的研究

研究了栗壳提取物中抑菌物质的主要成分及其对常见食品污染菌的抑制作用,并且在食品体系中进行了初步防腐试验。以MCI为填料,采用柱层析法对栗壳粗提物进行初步分离,采用琼脂扩散法和常量肉汤稀释法考察栗壳提取物对4种细菌及2种霉菌的抑制作用。结果表明,栗壳提取物种主要抑菌成分可能为可水解单宁,栗壳单宁对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌均有较明显的抑制作用,最低杀菌质量浓度为0.062 5~2.5 mg/m L,对黑曲霉,青霉孢子的最低杀菌质量浓度为20~40 mg/m L,对霉菌菌丝无抑制作用。食品防腐实验表明,同等质量浓度的栗壳单宁对苹果汁的防腐效果与苯甲酸钠基本相同。     

响应面优化亚临界水提取茶色素工艺研究

该研究利用响应面法优化亚临界水提取茶色素工艺。考察料液比、提取温度、提取时间对茶色素提取效果的影响。经响应面试验优化后,确定亚临界水最佳提取条件为料液比1∶50（g/mL）,提取温度138.1℃,提取时间9.87 min。提取得到的茶黄素、茶红素、茶褐素、总茶色素含量分别为1.31%、14.37%、13.34%、29.02%,且具有良好的抗氧化活性。用电镜扫描观察提取后的总茶色素物理形态变化,发现其结构疏松。     

Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Milled Grape Canes (Vitis vinifera) Using a Pressurized Low-Polarity Water Extractor

Trans-resveratrol and trans-ε-viniferin were extracted from milled grape canes using pressurized low-polarity water. The effects of temperature were significant for both compounds (p ≤ 0.05): extraction at 160 °C resulted in a 40% loss of trans-resveratrol compared to 95 °C while reduction of trans-ε-viniferin at both temperatures remained at 30%. Increasing ethanol concentration from 0% to 25% increased the extraction of total phenolics and trans-ε-viniferin by 44% and 489%, respectively. Solvent flow rate also influenced trans-ε-viniferin extraction. Antioxidant activity showed a strong correlation with total phenolic content of the extracts, and the two target phenolic compounds. Except for the modifier concentration, the extraction parameters studied were not statistically significant with respect to the antioxidant activity of extracts (p > 0.05). Effective diffusivities of trans-resveratrol multiplied from 3.3 × 10⁻¹¹ to 10.4 × 10⁻¹¹ m²/s by three times with increasing temperature. The modified Gompertz equation satisfactorily explained the extraction of the stilbenes investigated.     

Determination of 4-Allyl Resorcinol and Chavibetol from Piper betle Leaves by Subcritical Water Extraction Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A method has been developed for the determination of 4-allyl resorcinol and chavibetol from Piper betle leaves using subcritical water extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. Several important parameters, such as effect of extraction temperature, solvent, particle size, flow rate and duration time of extraction were comprehensively optimized. The method showed good linearity in the range of 0.2–30 μg/mL, good correlation coefficients 0.9999 for all studies, acceptable reproducibility (RSD 0.16-5.43, n?=?3), low limit of detection (0.1 μg/mL), satisfactory average recoveries of (92.22 to 111.05 %) from subcritical extraction with water with RSDs of 0.31 to 7.96 %whereas, the average recoveries from subcritical extraction with methanol–water ranged from (96.58 to 110.72) with RSDs of 0.79 to 8.09 %. The method exhibit high extraction yield in range of (1.51 to 34.64 % w/w) obtained from subcritical extraction with water whereas for subcritical extraction with methanol–water the yield obtained in range of (2.08 to 9.06 % w/w). It was found that subcritical extraction with water offered improved extraction efficiency in extraction of the target compounds compared to subcritical extraction with methanol–water.     

超声预处理-柠檬酸辅助亚临界水提取麦麸水溶性膳食纤维工艺优化

采用超声预处理-柠檬酸辅助亚临界水提法从小麦麸皮（以下简称“麦麸”）中提取水溶性膳食纤维。通过单因素实验考察超声预处理功率、柠檬酸/麦麸液固比、亚临界水提取温度和时间对麦麸水溶性膳食纤维得率的影响,在此基础上,采用响应面优化法,对提取工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,最佳提取条件为:超声预处理功率195 W,柠檬酸/麦麸液固比39:1 mL/g,亚临界水提取温度和时间分别为179 ℃和30 min。此时,麦麸水溶性膳食纤维的得率为41.00% ± 0.29%。因此,该方法能够提高麦麸水溶性膳食纤维的得率,且具有提取时间短、绿色、环保等优点,为工业化生产麦麸水溶性膳食纤维提供技术参考。     

亚临界水技术及其在天然产物提取中的应用

亚临界水提取技术是一种无毒、安全、环保、效率高的提取分离技术。亚临界水是温度在100℃~374℃之间,一定压力下,仍然保持液体状态的水。随着水温升高,亚临界水的物理化学性质会随之改变,尤其是介电常数和离子积。对亚临界水的性质,提取机制、装置、影响因素以及其在挥发油、多酚等活性成分提取方面的应用进行了阐述,分析了目前亚临界水提取存在的问题并对其未来的前景做了展望。     

莲废弃物活性成分的提取及其生物活性的研究进展

莲子加工过程会产生莲蓬、莲衣、莲子壳、莲子心等废弃物,这些废弃物往往被直接丢弃,而未进一步开发利用,造成了明显的莲资源浪费。由于莲废弃物中含有对人体健康具有促进作用的多酚、生物碱和多糖等多种活性成分,莲废弃物活性成分的开发利用受到了越来越多的关注。目前,常规提取方法和现代提取方法都已被广泛应用于莲废弃物活性成分的提取。与此同时,为了提高提取率,一些新型提取技术也被应用于莲废弃物活性成分的提取并表现出了显著的效果。莲废弃物中的多酚、生物碱和多糖具有抗糖化、抗增殖、抗氧化、抗炎等多种生理活性,但其活性研究主要集中于体外阶段,未来还需要进一步研究其在人体内的功效发挥。本文综述了莲废弃物中主要活性成分的提取方法及其生理活性的研究进展,以期对莲废弃物资源的高附加值开发与利用提供参考。     

亚临界水萃取技术在食品工业中的应用

本文综述了萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间、夹带剂对亚临界水萃取效果的影响及其在食品工业、农残检测前处理、植物精油提取的研究进展。最后对其在食品工业方面的应用前景进行展望。     

Preliminary Findings on Anticancer and Lymphocyte Stimulated Activities of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Vietnam Carica papaya Leaves

In this study, the target bioactive compounds （e.g., alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and other polar compounds） in Vietnamese Caricapapaya leaves were extracted. The cytotoxic activities of the papaya leaves extracts on the selected tumor cell lines, such as lung cancer cell line LU-1, carcinoma cell line KB, breast cancer cells MCF7 and leukemia cell line HL-60, were examined. Preliminary findings showed a high inhibitive activity of papaya leave extracts against the four tested tumor cell lines at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. Out of the bioactive compounds in papaya leaves extract, alkaloids showed the highest inhibitive activity （105.95% on MCF7 and 91.86% on LU-1）, followed by polar compounds （62.88% on LU-1 and 21.80% on KB）, and saponins （59.74% on MCF7 and 25.25% on LU-1）. Flavonoids has the lowest inhibitive activity on cell lines （e.g., 45.51% on MCF7 and 20.32% on LU-1）. Taken together, the results suggest that alkaloids have a relatively high inhibitive activity on the selected tumor cell lines and their stimulated concentration at 50% （IC50） values for on MCF7 and KB were 24.67 μg/mL and 33.56 μg/mL, respectively. However, the result pointed out the immunostimulatory ability of only polar compounds and saponins which could stimulate the growth of in vitro lymphocytes but not flavonoids and alkaloids. The SC50 （stimulated concentration at 50%） values of polar compounds and saponins were 287.87μg/mL and 192.99 μg/mL, respectively.