红薯果啤饮料工艺的研究

讨论了发酵型红薯果啤饮料加工的技术方法,采用营养丰富的红薯为原料,经α－液化酶化及糖化酶糖化处理后,按一定比例接入啤酒酵母和葡萄酒酵母发酵,温度１０￣１２℃,时间３￣４ｄ,再调配,后发酵２￣３ｄ,过滤,杀菌处理,即制造出一种酸甜适口,果香味纯正,泡沫洁白丰富的新型红薯发酵含气饮料。     

酸浆豆腐冷藏期间的品质变化分析

为探究酸浆豆腐在低温贮藏条件下品质及风味成分变化规律,测定分析了4℃冷藏期间酸浆豆腐的p H值、感官特性、质构特性和主要风味成分含量变化情况。结果表明,冷藏期间,酸浆豆腐p H值保持相对稳定,从第1 d的6.03±0.09变为第7 d的5.73±0.02,但感官评分呈逐渐下降趋势;硬度和咀嚼性在前3 d呈显著增加趋势(p0.05),在第3 d达到峰值,分别为8.15 N和6.28 N,随后开始下降。通过顶空气相离子迁移谱技术(HS-GC-IMS)共定性出30种挥发性组分,其中冷藏初期以酯、醇类化合物为主,冷藏中期以醛、酮、醇与酸类化合物为主,冷藏后期以醛类、醇、含硫类化合物为主。随着冷藏期间的延长,酸浆豆腐中乙酸乙酯与乙酸丙酯等香气组分含量降低,己醛、1-辛烯-3-醇与二甲基三硫等不良香气组分含量增加。因此,酸浆豆腐质构和风味成分的变化是导致感官分值下降的主要原因,结合酸浆豆腐的品质与风味分析,在4℃条件下,未添加防腐剂的酸浆豆腐货架期为5 d,货架期内酸浆豆腐食用安全且保持良好的口感风味。     

Effects of High-Pressure Processing on the Quality of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Fillets During Refrigerated Storage

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-pressure processing (HPP) on the quality of fresh sea bass fillets using two pressure levels (250 and 400 MPa; 5 min pressure holding time). Vacuum-packed fillets were used as control samples, and all fillets were stored under refrigerated conditions for 18 days. The microbiological, chemical, physical, and sensory parameters were followed. Both HPP treatments increased the microbiological shelf life of sea bass fillets. In day 14, control samples reached the upper acceptability limit (7 log colony-forming units (CFU)?g^?1), while fillets treated at 250 and 400 MPa had 3.2 and 1.4 log CFU g^?1, respectively. In general, hydrogen sulphide-producing bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae loads were below the detection limit in HPP treatments. Results from nucleotide analysis indicate that HPP treatments reduced the conversion of inosine 5′-monophosphate to inosine. HPP also influenced fillet sensory characteristics. The most evident changes in fillets were the increase in whiteness, the loss of translucency, and a firmer consistency. The effect was more pronounced in the treatment at 400 MPa. Lipid oxidation increased in HPP-treated samples, being more accentuated in the treatment at 400 MPa. Instrumental smell intensity increased in both HPP treatments, though the sensory panel did not detect any rancid or other unpleasant odours. No effect was observed in the amount of volatile bases or in pH values. In conclusion, HPP treatments showed potential application for new fish product development with increased microbiological safety and shelf life, longer freshness, and unique characteristics (e.g. firmer and whitish).     

Effect of Whey Protein Coating on Quality Attributes of Low-Fat, Aerobically Packaged Sausage during Refrigerated Storage

ABSTRACT:  Whey protein-based edible coating was used to reduce oxidative degradation and microbial growth of low-fat sausages (LFSs) stored at 4 °C for 8 wk, under aerobic package. Whey protein coating reduced ( P < 0.05) thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide value (PV) formation compared to control sausages. The percent inhibition of TBARS and PV for whey protein-coated sausages, compared to the control, was 31.3% and 27.1%, respectively. The ability of the whey protein coating to provide a moisture barrier for the sausages was reduced ( P < 0.05). In addition, a reduction of moisture loss by 36.7% compared to the control was achieved by whey coating. However, whey protein coating of LFSs did not inhibit the growth of either the total number of aerobic bacteria or of Listeria monocytogenes. These results indicated that whey protein coating had an antioxidative activity in LFSs under aerobic package during refrigerated storage.     

米乳乳酸发酵饮料工艺研究

对米乳乳酸发酵饮料的工艺进行了研究。将大米用10倍质量的水浸泡磨浆后加入牛奶及葡萄糖等辅料,经液化和糖化后采用嗜酸乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌为发酵剂(剂量为5%)进行发酵,通过正交试验确定最佳发酵条件为:V(米浆):V(牛奶)=2:3,c(嗜酸乳杆菌):c(嗜热链球菌)=2:3,阿斯巴甜0.1%,葡萄糖6%,发酵时间10h。最佳工艺条件下乳酸菌的含量可达3×107cfu/ml。研制的产品呈乳白色,口感细腻,酸味可口,风味独特。     

乳清抗氧化肽对冷藏猪肉糜肌原纤维蛋白功能性及品质的影响

研究乳清抗氧化肽对冷藏猪肉糜肌原纤维蛋白功能性及品质的影响。实验分为6组,第1组为空白对照,第2组加入质量分数20%未水解乳清蛋白,第3~5组中分别加入质量分数10%、15%、20%的乳清抗氧化肽冻干粉,第6组加入质量分数0.02%的丁基羟基茴香醚(butyl hydroxyanisd,BHA)。在肉糜4℃冷藏0、1、3、5、7 d时分别测定浊度、Ca~(2+)-ATPase活力、乳化稳定性、挥发性盐基氮(totalvolatilebasicnitrogen,TVB-N)含量、蒸煮损失率、表面疏水性以及肌原纤维蛋白溶解性的变化。结果表明:添加质量分数15%的乳清抗氧化肽能有效抑制冷藏肉糜肌原纤维浊度的升高,抑制Ca~(2+)-ATPase活力的下降,减少TVB-N的产生,抑制肌原纤维蛋白乳化稳定性和溶解性的降低。添加质量分数20%的乳清抗氧化肽则在抑制生肉糜蒸煮损失和猪肉糜肌原纤维蛋白表面疏水性增加方面效果最佳,其作用与质量分数0.02%BHA相当。上述结果表明,乳清抗氧化肽具有改善冷藏猪肉糜肌原纤维蛋白功能性及品质的作用。     

冷藏温度对河豚鱼微生物及品质特性的影响

研究冷藏温度对河豚鱼微生物及品质特性的影响。将河豚鱼宰杀、清理、分块后,放置于(0±1)、(4±1)、(8±1)℃冰箱中冷藏。对鱼肉中几种优势菌种(肠杆菌、假单胞菌及乳酸菌),鱼肉质构、挥发性盐基氮、pH值、三甲胺、持水力等指标进行测定,评价河豚鱼冷藏过程中的品质变化。结果表明：(0±1)℃可贮藏6d左右,能够一定程度地抑制鱼肉中几种特定腐败菌的生长,减慢TVB-N值、pH值和TMA值的上升,延缓持水力的下降,并降低河豚鱼肉的硬度、弹性和回复性等质构特性的变化,有效延长河豚鱼的货架期,维持良好的鲜度。     

冷藏对面团发酵及面包品质的影响

通过测定酵母发酵力、面包比容、质构及风味物质等参数,研究了不同冷藏温度、冷藏时间及面团冷藏前醒发处理时间对面团发酵及面包品质的影响。结果发现,面团前处理时间越短,冷藏醒发温度越低,酵母持续产气时间越长;增加前处理时间以及提高冷藏醒发温度,可使面团更快达到醒发终点。增加面团前处理时间或提高冷藏发酵温度,可有效改善面包芯硬度和弹性。通过GC-MS测定的风味物质结果显示,冷藏会增加面包风味物质含量,并随着冷藏时间增长而增加。     

乳清蛋白膜对花生储藏品质影响研究

采用乳清蛋白涂膜与乳清蛋白包袋对花生仁的储藏效果进行试验,发现乳清蛋白涂膜可显著降低花生仁在储藏期间脂肪氧化,储藏效果最佳,而包袋组对花生仁储藏效果略好于对照组.两个试验组的花生仁过氧化值分别低于对照组38％ ～ 68％、0.5％ ～21％,酸价比对照组分别低7％～11％、1％～4％.     

地瓜黄浆水与山楂复合发酵饮料的研制

结合农村水果滞销的现状,以黄浆水和滞销的山楂为主要原料,黄浆水经过预处理后添加山楂汁,经调配、均质和乳酸菌发酵技术得到功能饮品。以感官评价为指标,运用单因素实验和响应面分析实验设计优化了功能饮品配方。结果表明,在山楂汁与地瓜黄浆水质量比1:1、糖添加量6%、稳定剂添加量0.5%、乳酸菌接种量1.5%,发酵时间6 h的条件下,产品酸甜适口,口感柔和,具有典型的地瓜香味和山楂清香,组织状态均匀一致、流动性良好,感官评分达到最高(95分)。为黄浆水的资源化利用提供了理论依据,减少环境污染,促进地瓜加工制品产业的全面发展。     

发酵型南瓜醋饮料工艺研究

以南瓜为主要原料,通过果胶酶分解果胶、糖化酶糖化、酵母菌酒精发酵、醋酸菌醋酸发酵等实验,确定最佳工艺参数,生产南瓜醋酸汁.经正交试验确定最佳调配方案为蔗糖8%、蜂蜜2%、南瓜醋10%、香精1.0%.制成营养丰富、风味独特的南瓜醋饮料,是一种良好的营养保健饮品.     

不同大豆原料对豆清发酵液豆腐和卤水豆腐加工特性的影响

以黑龙48、临豆10号、临豆9号、齐黄34、华豆2号及华豆10号6种不同大豆品种为原料,根据豆腐生产的基本工艺,分别以豆清发酵液、盐卤(MgCl₂)作为凝固剂生产豆腐。通过感官评价、产品得率、保水性、质构特性、蛋白质、脂肪及水分含量等指标进行分析,探讨不同大豆原料对豆清发酵液豆腐和卤水豆腐加工特性的影响。研究结果表明:6种不同大豆原料所产的豆腐感官评价、产品得率、保水性、质构特性、蛋白质、水分及脂肪含量差异均达极显著水平(p<0.01)。其中华豆2号、临豆10号、临豆9号和齐黄34的豆清发酵液豆腐的得率、保水性、质构参数较高,最高为华豆2号,其得率、保水性、硬度、弹性、耐嚼性的指标分别高达176.532%、72.155%、174.482 g、0.778 mm、64.530;齐黄34、华豆2号、华豆10号、临豆10号的卤水豆腐得率、保水性、质构参数较高,最高为齐黄34,其得率、凝聚性、弹性等指标依次为188.879%、2.951、0.789 mm。综合感官评价及蛋白质等营养指标,分析得出华豆2号、临豆10号、临豆9号和齐黄34较适生产豆清发酵液豆腐,齐黄34,华豆2号、华豆10号、临豆10号较适加工卤水豆腐。     

迷迭香提取物对冷藏调理猪肉饼品质的影响

研究不同剂量迷迭香提取物对4 ℃冷藏调理猪肉饼抗脂肪氧化、抑菌能力及品质特性的影响。将0.03%、0.06%和0.09%的迷迭香提取物分别添加到调理猪肉饼中,测定其在10 d冷藏过程中硫代巴比妥酸值、菌落总数、pH值、颜色（L*、a*、b*值）、出品率和感官指标的变化。结果表明：与对照组相比,添加迷迭香提取物的各处理组具有显著的抗脂肪氧化效果和更高的出品率（P＜0.05）,效果与添加0.02%二丁基羟基甲苯相当。迷迭香提取物添加量为0.06%和0.09%的处理组在冷藏7 d后表现出显著的抑菌能力（P＜0.05）,这两组的pH值在冷藏期间显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。迷迭香提取物添加量为0.06%的猪肉饼在冷藏4 d后红度值（a*）与对照组相比显著升高（P＜0.05）,迷迭香提取物添加量为0.09%的猪肉饼在10 d冷藏过程中亮度值（L*）显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,而这两组猪肉饼的黄度值（b*）在冷藏期间均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。此外,猪肉饼的香气、质地和总体可接受程度均没有随迷迭香提取物添加量的增加而发生显著变化（P＞0.05）。可见,迷迭香提取物在调理猪肉饼中具有较好的抗氧化和抑菌效果,并且在一定程度上能改善肉饼颜色,而对肉饼的感官品质不会造成不良影响。     

贮藏温度对青梅果实采后加工品质的影响

试验以青竹梅为试材,将果实采后分别置于4、14、24℃和室温(20℃～28℃)条件下贮藏,分析贮藏期间加工品质变化,研究不同贮藏温度对果实加工品质的影响.结果表明,与14、24℃和室温相比,4℃贮藏可有效抑制青梅果实采后出汁率、果皮强度和果肉硬度等快速下降;可有效抑制青梅果实采后a*值上升和果实迅速黄化,从而保持采后鲜...     

Effect of Microwave and High-Pressure Processing on Quality of an Innovative Broccoli Hummus

Two innovative broccoli (53% either cv. Parthenon or Bimi) hummuses were formulated. Semi-continuous microwave treatment (MW; 9 kW/40 s) or high-pressure processing (HPP; 550 MPa/10 min/23 °C) were applied to study hummus quality (microbiological/ physicochemical/sensory/bioactive compounds) during 28 days (5 °C). The initial mesophilic, psychrophilic, and Enterobacteriaceae loads of Parthenon/Bimi broccoli hummuses (2.8/3.2, 3.0/3.7, and 2.6/2.9 log CFU g^?1, respectively) were decreased by 1.6/1.9, 0.5/0.9, and 1.1/1.3 log units after HPP and in a lower degree by MW. In general, MW Parthenon hummus showed better sensory scores after 28 days, while HPP was better for Bimi. Higher (110%) glucoraphanin was observed in HPP Parthenon hummus, although MW better preserved sulforaphane. Treatments kept high phenolic levels during storage, being better preserved by HPP, with also higher total antioxidant capacity. Conclusively, MW and HHP treatments allowed to obtain a broccoli hummus with an excellent quality up to 28 days (5 °C) with also excellent bioactive quality.     

番茄、胡萝卜乳酸菌发酵饮料的研制

开发研制新疆地产番茄、胡萝卜混合汁乳酸菌发酵饮料。方法：以优质番茄酱和胡萝卜浓缩汁为原料，用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌为菌种，采用四因素三水平正交实验，确定中间种子扩大液、发酵液及发酵饮料口感稳定性的最佳工艺配方。结果：用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌按1：1比例作为菌种；种子扩大液的最佳配方：番茄、胡萝卜混合汁配比3：7，2％葡萄糖，2％脱脂乳，3％接种量；发酵液最佳配方：番茄、胡萝卜混合汁配比3：7，发酵温度41℃，发酵时间24h，接种量3％；发酵饮料调配最佳配方；发酵原液中添加蔗糖5％，柠檬酸0．02％，耐酸羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）0．2％，黄原胶0．03％。     

乳酸发酵草莓汁的研制

利用10%脱脂奶将乳酸菌活化,至最高活力,将其接种于不同的种子液中,通过分析pH值变化,筛选出合适的培养液及适宜的菌种,而后扩大培养,获的一级种子。并且确定了初步的生产工艺流程。