香椿酸奶的研制

以香椿和鲜牛奶为主要原料,用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌(1∶1)为发酵剂,采用正交试验研究香椿酸奶的生产配方和生产工艺。得出生产香椿酸奶的最佳工艺条件为:分别添加鲜牛奶质量5%的香椿汁、8%的白砂糖和0.10%的黄原胶,接种量为鲜牛奶质量的5%,发酵温度43℃,发酵时间6 h。     

无糖保健香椿酸奶的研制

无糖香椿酸奶是以香椿、鲜奶、木糖醇为主要原料制成的营养保健酸奶。本文详细介绍了无糖香椿酸奶的制作工艺，并通过L9(34)正交试验，探讨了香椿汁添加量，稳定剂用量，发酵奶用量及木糖醇添加量对酸奶质量的影响。最终表明：香椿汁添加量为15％，稳定剂用量为2．5％o，发酵奶用量为50％，木糖醇用量为8％时酸奶质量最佳。     

红枣牦牛酸奶的工艺研究

以红枣、牦牛奶为主要原料,应用单因素和正交试验设计,通过乳酸茵发酵,研制出风味独特、酸甜适度的红枣牦牛酸奶。该酸奶最佳配方工艺条件为：红枣汁14％,蔗糖6％,发酵茵种接种量4％,酸奶稳定剂0．55％,（42±1）℃发酵4．5h。     

红枣保健饮料的研制

以红枣为原料，用经驯化的乳酸菌发酵制成红枣乳酸发酵饮料。通过正交试验和感观评定，确定了最佳工艺参数：接种量6％、发酵温度42℃、培养时间6h、乳糖2％、蔗糖8％；复合稳定剂0．25％；杀菌条件85℃，15min。     

番茄保健饮料的研制

以番茄为原料，用经驯化的嗜酸乳杆菌发酵制成乳酸发酵番茄饮料。通过正交试验和感观评定．确定了最佳工艺参数：接种量6％、发酵温度37℃、培养时间12h、蔗糖5％；复合稳定荆0．22％；杀菌条件85℃．15min.     

银杏酸奶的研制

以银杏果仁和脱脂牛奶为主要原料研制一种复合型发酵酸奶。从产品感官质量和稳定性入手，应用正交试验法，确定了合理的配方和适宜的发酵工艺条件，并对产品质量作了评价。结果表明，银杏酸奶的主要原料的最佳配比为脱脂牛奶：银杏果浆：1：1，同时加入6％的蔗糖和0．2％的复合稳定剂(琼脂：羧甲基纤维素纳=1：1)(均为质量分数)；最佳的发酵工艺条件为接种量6％，发酵温度为41℃，发酵时间为6h，该产品具有感官品质佳、稳定性好和营养丰富等特点。     

核桃多肽果味酸奶的研制

核桃多肤果味酸奶是以核桃酶解液、树莓汁、牛奶、蔗糖为主要原料,通过调配、均质、杀菌、发酵等加工工艺而制成的一种风味优良、营养丰富的酸奶制品.试验结果表明:采用木瓜蛋白酶对核桃蛋白进行水解,得到最适反应条件是:酶解4.0 h,加酶量6 g/kg,温度60 ℃,pH值为7.5.核桃多肽果味酸奶最佳发酵工艺条件:温度40℃,接种量4％,蔗糖4％,原料液比1∶3,时间为3.5 h.     

胡萝卜、火龙果复合酸奶的工艺研究

以胡萝卜、火龙果、鲜奶等为原料,经预处理、打浆、再调配辅料,经均质、杀菌、发酵等工艺,得到一种色泽可人、风味独特的具有市场开发价值的营养保健型酸奶。试验以感官评价等为考察指标,通过单因素试验验和正交试验优化,确定了凝固型胡萝卜、火龙果酸奶的制备工艺。试验表明,最佳工艺条件为胡萝卜为25％,火龙果为4％,蔗糖含量为8％,接种量为6％,CMC与明胶（1：1）的复合稳定剂添加量为0．2％,42℃发酵4h。     

模糊感官评定结合响应面优化香椿苏打饼干工艺

以超微香椿粉、油脂、盐、面粉为主要原材料研究香椿苏打饼干工艺配方.以感官评价为指标,采用单因素试验和响应面试验,结合模糊数学评价法,探究超微香椿粉、油脂、盐的添加量及第一次发酵时间对香椿苏打饼干感官品质的影响.通过建立二次回归方程,确定香椿苏打饼干的最佳工艺参数:超微香椿粉2％、油脂9％、盐1.5％、第一次发酵152?...     

椰子酸奶发酵工艺

以椰浆和全脂奶粉为主要原料,通过原料配比、菌种、发酵温度和时间、蔗糖添加量等单因素试验和正交组合试验设计方法,确定了椰子酸奶的工艺条件:全脂奶粉和椰浆比例为1∶2(即全脂奶粉添加量5%)、蔗糖添加量为8%,采用SH-470乳酸菌植物性发酵剂(按其说明接种量):嗜热链球菌和植物乳杆菌发酵,发酵温度43℃,发酵时间6 h。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the