表土冻结段施工钻爆设计与实践

分析了冷泉副井井筒表土冻结段地层的力学特点，总结了采用钻爆法施工冻结井的重要经验，实践表明本项设计取得了良好的效果。     

深立井开凿实用钻爆新技术研究和应用

针对深立井钻爆具有工作环境差、安全要求高等特点,结合作者现场施工实践,对深立井实用钻爆新技术包括掏槽爆破、钻爆周边辅助眼新工艺、光面光底锅底形爆破、硬岩低抛掷减冲深孔爆破、立井软岩立体微差深孔爆破等进行了系统总结,提出了各项新技术的理论依据与应用时的关键要点.     

考虑声爆特性的超声速客机气动优化设计

提高巡航气动效率和降低声爆强度是超声速客机设计的关键。首先建立了基于RANS方程的近场CFD预测和基于波形参数法的远场预测相结合的高精度声爆评估方法,然后采用有限差分法求解声爆目标对设计变量的梯度,与由离散伴随方程法求解的气动目标函数的梯度进行组装,作为权重目标值的梯度,并耦合自由型面变形参数化技术、基于逆距离权重插值算法的网格变形技术和序列二次规划算法,搭建了考虑声爆特性的气动优化系统。对超声速公务机翼身组合体构型先后进行了考虑声爆的机头偏转气动优化设计和机翼精细化气动减阻优化设计,优化目标分别为声爆值和阻力系数的权重之和、超声速巡航点阻力系数。结果表明,优化后机头下偏削弱了头部向下传播的激波强度,从而减小了远场声爆最大过压值;机翼精细化设计后阻力减幅达9.5%,载荷内移,外翼段压差阻力减小,同时压力分布形态表现出逆压梯度减弱、压力恢复更加平缓的特征。气动声爆综合特性明显优于初始构型,验证了优化系统的有效性。     

岩巷掘进中深孔爆破中的掏槽和光爆问题

结合岩石爆破破碎理论、模型试验和工程实践，对岩巷掘进中深孔光爆几个较为关键的技术问题，特别是掏槽爆破和光面爆破进行了较为细致地分析和研究，推荐了较为合理的掏槽形式和掏槽参数、光爆装药和光爆参数，提出了较为合理的起爆延迟间隔时间。     

凹球型传爆药装药结构研究

目的　为了提高传爆药柱的起爆威力 ,解决钝感主装药的可靠起爆问题 .方法　应用炸药的冲击起爆理论、冲击波汇聚理论、有效装药理论等 .结果　设计了两种凹球型传爆药装药结构 .结论　利用主装药变组分法等实验方法对新结构传爆药的起爆威力与常规圆柱型传爆药进行了对比实验 .实验表明 ,新结构传爆药的起爆威力较常规圆柱型传爆药的起爆威力明显提高     

钢筋混凝土烟囱的控爆拆除

应用密排炮孔，微差电爆网路，控制爆破技术，在钢筋混凝土烟囱－钢爆破出缺口，依靠自重力矩整体倒地，本文论述了烟囱定向倾倒拆除爆破的设计原理和程序。     

凸球型传爆药装药结构研究

目的 为了提高传爆药柱的起爆威力,解决印感主装药的可靠起爆问题。方法 应用炸药的冲击起爆理论,冲击波汇聚理论,有效装药理论等。结果 设计了两种凹球型传爆药装药结构。结论 利用主装药变组分法等实验分法对新结构传爆药的起爆威力与常规圆柱型传爆药进行了对比实验。实验表明,新结构传爆药的起爆威力较常规圆柱型传爆药的起焊威力明显提高。     

快速阻爆阀门的设计及试验

介绍了低浓度瓦斯管道输送使用的安全保障设施——快速阻爆阀门的设计、结构形式、组成部分以及关键加工工序等。通过阀门关闭时间测定及阻爆性能的试验研究,得到关闭时间等具体的试验数据。试验结果表明:设计的快速阻爆阀门能满足工业需要,起到安全阻爆的作用。     

应用钻孔雷爆技术破坏深孔注浆套管

应用钻孔雷爆技术并结合基础爆破理论、爆破设计计算准则、施工工艺和安全标准,设计并实施了白象山铁矿深孔注浆套管破坏爆破。     

大断面瓦斯隧道掘进爆破与安全

介绍了侯月线云台山隧道煤系地层段瓦斯隧道施工的爆破安全技术，对大断面瓦斯隧道施工中的爆破设计、施工与安全问题进行了探讨．总结了我国首例安全通过１７４０ｍ煤系地层段的爆玻施工技术与经验．     

高耸建筑物拆除爆破的安全分析及控制研究

以高耸建筑物拆除爆破的原理为基础,对建筑物拆除爆破中产生的爆破振动、塌落振动、爆破飞石、爆破空气冲击波和爆破噪音等爆破危害的发生机理和影响因素及影响范围进行了分析;并从建筑物拆除爆破中“人”的不安全行为、“物”的不安全状态和“环境”的不安全因素等方面探讨了建筑物拆除爆破中所存在的安全问题;结合一工程实例,分析了工程实例的安全爆破难度,并在此基础上,提出了相应有效的安全防护措施、安全控制措施和安全管理方法。该研究为类似高耸建筑物拆除爆破的安全施工和控制提供了有益的借鉴。     

Rock-breaking mechanism and experimental analysis of confined blasting of borehole surrounding rock

The rock-breaking mechanism and effect of confined blasting were analysed by blasting and impact dynamic mechanics, fluid dynamic mechanics, fracture mechanics as well as blasting experiment. The results showed that the fracturing of surrounding rock in confined blasting condition is the result of coaction of rock pre-cracking by shock wave and stress wave and the continuing expanding crackenhancement of confined medium, and the model of crack development of borehole surrounding rock in confined blasting condition was established. This study acquired the damage range of surrounding rock under the action of shock wave and stress wave, as well as the crack development characteristics of surrounding rock after the wedge-in confined medium into the crack space. Deep-hole confined blasting experiment on large rock showed that the high-efficient utilisation of in-hole explosive was achieved and the safety of rock blasting operation was ensured. Safe static rock-breaking under the action of high-efficient explosive blasting was achieved as well as the unification of super dynamic load of explosive blasting and static rock-breaking of water medium.     

太子矶航道水下钻孔爆破地震波测试与分析

以长江太子矶航道疏浚爆破工程为例,通过对其爆破地震波的测试与分析,得出爆破振动速度的衰减经验公式,提出爆破振动速度安全判据及不同状态下的最大允许药量,并依据实测数据评估了水下钻孔爆破对长江大堤的影响。     

爆破震动场动力有限元模拟中爆破荷载的等效施加方法

比较了,应用LS—DYNA软件进行爆破震动场数值模拟时的几种不同计算方法的优缺点．结合各方法的特点及爆破震动场模拟的要求,提出了爆破荷载的等效施加方法,即将作用在炮孔壁上的爆破荷载依据圣维南原理等效后,施加在同排炮孔联心线或者面上,以模拟爆炸作用．数值模拟结果表明,不同的爆破荷载施加方法对应的数值模拟结果在近区存在一定差异,但在中远区吻合得较好．因此,使用施加等效爆破荷载的方法对中远区的爆破震动场进行数值模拟是可行的,且该法极大地降低了计算耗费．     

爆破震动场动力有限元模拟中爆破荷载的等效施加方法

比较了应用LS-DYNA软件进行爆破震动场数值模拟时的几种不同计算方法的优缺点.结合各方法的特点及爆破震动场模拟的要求,提出了爆破荷载的等效施加方法,即将作用在炮孔壁上的爆破荷载依据圣维南原理等效后,施加在同排炮孔联心线或者面上,以模拟爆炸作用.数值模拟结果表明,不同的爆破荷载施加方法对应的数值模拟结果在近区存在一定差异,但在中远区吻合得较好.因此,使用施加等效爆破荷载的方法对中远区的爆破震动场进行数值模拟是可行的,且该法极大地降低了计算耗费.     

岩体巷道光面爆破参数比较分析与应用

光面爆破效果主要取决于岩石条件、炸药性质及光爆参数,岩石条件不同,则光面爆破参数应作相应调整.为将光面爆破更合理地应用于不同条件下的岩石,基于爆炸应力波和爆生气体共同作用理论,提出了普通光面爆破及计入损伤光面爆破参数计算公式.实例及分析说明：基于爆炸应力波和爆生气体综合作用理论的光面爆破计算公式是合理的,适用于不同岩石条件光面爆破参数的确定;在孔深、孔径和装药相同的条件下,岩石越完整,稳定程度越高,其光面爆破的周边眼间距越小;计入损伤时,光面爆破的周边眼间距可适当增大;岩石单轴抗压强度较大,则装药不耦合系数可取较小值,以提高炸药爆炸能量利用率,单轴抗拉强度越高,则光面爆破的周边眼间距值越小.     

Vibration Effect and Damage Evolution Characteristics of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Under Cyclic Blasting Loading

Model test studies based on the similarity theory were conducted to investigate vibration effect and damage evolution characteristics of tunnel surrounding rock under push-type cyclic blasting excavation. The model was constructed with a ratio of 1:15. By simulating the tunnel excavation of push-type cyclic blasting, the influence of the blasting parameter change on vibration effect was explored. The damage degree of tunnel surrounding rock was evaluated by the change of the acoustic wave velocity at the same measuring point after blasting. The relationship between the damage evolution of surrounding rock and blasting times was established. The research results show that:① In the same geological environment, the number of delay initiation is larger, the main vibration frequency of blasting seismic wave is higher, and the attenuation of high frequency signal in the rock and soil is faster. The influence of number of delay initiation on blasting vibration effect cannot be ignored; ② Under push-type cyclic blasting excavation, there were great differences in the decreasing rates of acoustic wave velocity of the measuring points which have the same distance to the blasting region at the same depth, and the blasting damage ranges of surrounding rock were typically anisotropic at both depth and breadth; ③ When blasting parameters were basically kept as the same, the growth trend of the cumulative acoustic wave velocity decreasing rate at the measuring point was nonlinear under different cycle blasting excavations; ④ There were nonlinear evolution characteristics between the blasting cumulative damage (D) of surrounding rock and blasting times (n) under push-type cyclic blasting loading, and different measuring points had corresponding blasting cumulative damage propagation models, respectively. The closer the measuring point was away from the explosion source, the faster the cumulative damage extension. Blasting cumulative damage effect of surrounding rock had typically nonlinear evolution properties and anisotropic characteristics.     

地下厂房岩锚梁爆破参数优化设计与效果

选择具有代表性的实际光面爆破设计参数为样本，确定炸药类型、岩体裂隙发育程度、孔径、孔深、线装药密度、最小抵抗线、间距为影响岩锚梁爆破开挖效果的主要因素，利用神经网络强大的非线性映射能力，建立岩锚梁爆破参数优化模型，进行岩锚梁爆破参数优化设计。在相似地段进行保护层和岩台修面爆破试验，得出现场试验爆破参数，结果表明优化设计值与现场试验值吻合较好。对试验保护层和岩台修面爆破进行声波检测也表明其爆破质量最好，爆破松动圈范围最小。     

Model experiment of rock blasting with single borehole and double free-surface

In order to improve the quality of laneways and tunnel excavation by drilling and blasting and by making effective use of explosive energy, a model experiment of rock blasting with a single borehole and a double free-surface was performed with the objective of studying the effect of parameters such as charge structure, free-surface and rock compressive strength on rock blasting. The model experiments indicate that: 1) the smaller the rock compressive strength and density, the more distinctive the cavity expanding action by blasting; 2) the powder factor in an air-decoupling charge structure is larger than that in a coupling charge structure, i.e., the explosive energy in an air-decoupling charge structure transferred to the rocks is less than that in a coupling charge structure; 3) a free-surface improves the utilizations of explosive energy; 4) an air-decoupling charge structure helps to maintain the integrity and stability of wall rock in controlled perimeter blasting, such as in roadways and tunnel excavation by drilling and blasting.     

爆破计算方法与爆破荷载模拟综述

介绍了DDA方法、遗传算法、复合遗传算法、体积平衡法等爆破计算方法,以及半经验化爆破模型、数值模拟、解析法模拟、UDEC模拟等爆破荷载模拟,并对爆破在地下洞室稳定方面进行了展望.