La:PbWO4晶体闪烁性能研究

在ＰｂＷＯ４晶体中掺进Ｌａ２Ｏ３生长Ｌａ：ＰｂＷＯ４晶体。测试Ｌａ：ＰｂＷＯ４晶休的透射光谱、激光发射光谱、发光效率、衰减时间和辐射硬度。Ｌａ：ＰｂＷＯ４晶体的透过率增大，峰位发生红移，发光效率增加一倍，较大幅度提高抗辐照损伤能力。     

Ta：PbWO4晶体闪烁性能的研究

报道了在ＰｂＷＯ４晶体中掺进Ｔａ２Ｏ５生长Ｔａ：ＰｂＷＯ４晶体的研究结果。测定了核晶体的透过率、发光效率和抗辐照损伤能力，研究和探讨了Ｔａ：ＰｂＷＯ４晶体闪烁性能增强的机理。     

钨酸铅晶体的生长及其闪烁性的研究

采用提拉法生长出直径２０－２５ｍｍ,长２５－３０ｍｍ优质ＰｂＷＯ４及Ｌａ＾３＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｍｏ＾６＋和Ｂｉ＾３＋掺杂ＰｂＷＯ４晶体。测试了晶体的Ｘ射线衍谢谱、透射光谱、激发发射光谱、光产额、抗辐照性能和发光衰减时间。总结并解释了掺杂对ＰｂＷＯ４晶体性能的影响以及氧退火对晶体抗辐照性能的影响,探讨了掺杂改善晶体闪烁性能的可能性。     

大尺寸Y:PbWO4晶体的坩埚下降法生长与光学均匀性研究

报道了大尺寸Ｙ：ＰｂＷＯ４晶体的坩埚下降法生长工艺，讨论了影响晶体生长的主要 因素．探讨了消除晶体开裂、抑制晶体组分过冷的工艺措施，成功地生长出无宏观缺陷的大尺 寸Ｙ：ＰｂＷＯ４晶体，尺寸达５２ｍｉｎ×５２ｍｍ×２５０ｍｍ．同时，对实验样品沿晶体生长方向不同部 位的横向透过率及发射光谱进行了测试，结果表明，坩埚下降法生长的大尺寸Ｙ：ＰｂＷＯ４晶体 具有较好的光学均匀性．     

三价铈离子在氯硅酸镁钙中的晶体学格位研究

首次合成了发射蓝紫光的Ｃｅ＾３＋激活的氯硅酸镁钙ＣａｇＭｇ（ＳｉＯ４）４Ｃｌ２：Ｃｅ＾３＋新荧光粉,利用Ｃｅ＾３＋的光谱结果和Ｖａｎ Ｕｉｔｅｒｔ经验公式,结合对ＣａｇＭｇ（ＳｉＯ４）４Ｃｌ２晶体的结构研究,判断出ＣａｇＭｇ（ＳｉＯ４）４Ｃｌ２：Ｃｅ＾３＋中存在两种性质稍有差异的Ｃｅ＾３＋发光中心,这两种发光中心均占据其质中八配位的钙格位。     

大尺寸Y:PbWO4晶体的坩埚下降法生长与光学均匀性研究

报道了大尺寸Ｙ：ＰｂＷＯ_４晶体的坩埚下降法生长工艺,讨论了影响晶体生长的主要 因素．探讨了消除晶体开裂、抑制晶体组分过冷的工艺措施,成功地生长出无宏观缺陷的大尺 寸Ｙ：ＰｂＷＯ_４晶体,尺寸达５２ｍｉｎ×５２ｍｍ×２５０ｍｍ．同时,对实验样品沿晶体生长方向不同部 位的横向透过率及发射光谱进行了测试,结果表明,坩埚下降法生长的大尺寸Ｙ：ＰｂＷＯ_４晶体 具有较好的光学均匀性．     

钨酸铅(PbWO_4)晶体的发光均匀性研究

通过对下降法生长的全尺寸钨酸铅（ＰｂＷＯ４）晶体沿长轴方向不同点的透过率和光产额的测量、分段晶体的透过率和光产额的测量,研究了钨酸铅晶体的发光均匀性及其影响因素．结果表明：钨酸铅晶体发光均匀性主要由生长后期的钨酸铅晶体质量所决定,采用晶种为大头的加工取向有利于提高钨酸铅晶体的发光均匀性．     

闪烁晶体PbWO4的研究现状

综述新型闪烁晶体ＰｂＷＯ４的研究现状，着重评价其中的不同发光表现，透射光说和抗辐照损伤的个体差异，晶体结构和组分挥等，同时剖析了颇具代表性的几种绿光机的机制。     

退火处理对PbWO4晶体闪烁性能的影响

本文报道了用改进的坩埚下降技术生长ＰｂＷＯ４晶体经退火处理后,对Ｘ射线激发发射谱,透过谱以及抗辐照损伤能力的影响,指出ＰｂＷＯ４晶体在适合的富氧气氛环境和温度制度下经退火处理后,闪烁性能及抗辐照能力明显得到改善。     

钨酸铅（PbWO4）闪烁晶体研究进展

钨酸铅（ＰｂＷＯ４）闪烁晶体是拟使用于西欧大型强子对撞机（ＬＨＣ）中精密电磁量能器量有希望的候选者，本文概要介绍了近年来国际上对于钨酸铅晶体的研究进展。包括它的闪烁性能、发光机制、辐照硬度和杂质效应等。本文最后列出了欧洲核子研究中心（ＣＥＲＮ）的ＣＣＣ组最近对７５根大尺寸ＰＷＯ晶体综合测试的统计结果。这有助于建立批量生产ＰＷＯ晶体的质量监控方法。     

Morphological and structural modulation of PbWO(4) crystals directed by dextrans

A facile, dextran-directed solution route for the morphology-?and structure-controlled synthesis of PbWO(4) crystals, such as monoclinic raspite PbWO(4) nanobelts and tetragonal stolzite PbWO(4) crystals with penniform and wheat-ear-like morphologies, has been demonstrated. Three differently charged dextrans were employed for the PbWO(4) crystallization and they turned out to be very effective in the morphological and structural modulation of PbWO(4) crystals, as evidenced by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy characterizations. In particular, novel monoclinic raspite PbWO(4) nanobelts were produced under the direction of anionic dextran with a suitable concentration, probably due to the specific interactions between SO(4)(2-) groups from anionic dextran molecules and Pb(2+) ions from PbWO(4) crystals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first synthesis of monoclinic raspite PbWO(4) in the laboratory, which usually exists as a natural crystal. In addition, the photoluminescence properties of the obtained PbWO(4) crystals with different morphologies and crystal structures have been characterized and discussed, which provides useful information for the fundamental investigation and potential application of PbWO(4) crystals.     

Thermoluminescence of PbWO4 irradiated with UV light

PbWO4 single crystals were grown by the Czochralski method in argon and air. The glow curves induced by UV light and the absorption spectra of PbWO4 annealed at various temperatures were measured. The glow curves of PbWO4 were strongly dependent on the growing atmospheres. The activation energies of the 110 K peak of PbWO4 grown in argon and the 122 K peak of PbWO4 grown in air were calculated to be 0.23 eV and 0.29 eV, respectively. The ratio of the 2.76 eV emission band to the 2.48 eV or 2.26 eV emission bands of the PbWO4 grown in air was smaller than that of the PbWO4 grown in argon. The glow curve of PbWO4 grown in argon was similar to that of PbWO4 grown in air when the annealing temperatures were increased.     

Properties of Nd3+-doped and undoped tetragonal PbWO4, NaY(WO4)2, CaWO4, and undoped monoclinic ZnWO4 and CdWO4 as laser-active and stimulated raman scattering-active crystals

Spectroscopic, laser, and chi((3)) nonlinear optical properties of tetragonal PbWO(4), NaY(WO(4))(2), CaWO(4), and monoclinic CdWO(4) and ZnWO(4) were investigated. Particular attention was paid to Nd(3+)-doped and undoped PbWO(4) and NaY(WO(4))(2) crystals. Their absorption and luminescence intensity characteristics, including the peak cross sections of induced transitions, were determined. Pulsed and continuous-wave lasing in the two 4F(3/2)-->4I(11/2) and 4F(3/2)-->4I(13/2) channels was excited. For these five tungstates, highly efficient (greater than 50%) multiple Stokes generation and anti-Stokes picosecond generation were achieved. All the observed scattered laser components were identified. These results were analyzed and compared with spectroscopic data from spontaneous Raman scattering. A new crystalline Raman laser based on PbWO(4) was developed for the chi((3)) conversion frequency of 1-microm pump radiation to the first Stokes emission with efficiency up to 40%. We classify all the tungstates as promising media for lasers and neodymium-doped crystals for self-stimulated Raman scattering lasers.     

钨酸铅晶体着色问题的实验研究

本计ＰｂＷＯ４（ＰＷＯ）晶体的着色问题进行了实验研究,以ＰｂＯ和ＷＯ３粉体为原料采用改进的Ｂｒｉｄｇｍａｎ法生长的ＰＷＯ晶体会呈现出浅黄色,通过对实验现象的分析,提出了ＰＷＯ晶体中同时存在Ｏ缺位和Ｐｂ缺位,其中,Ｏ缺位是导致ＰＷＯ晶体３５０ｎｍ率低的原因,Ｐｂ缺位是产生４２０ｎｍ吸收带使晶体着色的根源。     

Defects creation under UV irradiation of PbWO4 crystals

A systematic study of photothermally stimulated defects creation processes is carried out by the thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) method for a large number of undoped and doped PbWO4 crystals under irradiation at 80-180 K in the 3.4-4.3 eV energy range. The activation energy Ea for the regular exciton state disintegration is found to be approximately 0.1 eV. For defect-related states disintegration, Ea varies in the crystals studied from 0.03 to 0.36 eV. The origin of the defect-related states is discussed. The conclusion is made that not only a release of charge carriers but also charge transfer processes take place under UV irradiation of PbWO4 crystals.     

钨酸铅晶体生长及其组份挥发

本文首次报道了用坩埚下降技术生长钨酸铅（PWO）晶体;研究了提拉和坩埚下降两种技术生长PWO晶体的组份挥发,得到的结果是PbO的挥发速率高于WO₃,并对一组晶体不同部位的X射线发光性能作了研究．     

Bridgman法生长的PWO晶体的发光特性和透光特性

本文采用改进的Bridgman法，以纯度不低于99．99％的PbO和WO3为原料，生长出无色透明的、大尺寸的PbWO4（PWO）晶体，研究了晶体沿生长方向不同部位的透射光谱及X射线激发的发射光谱特性．发现改进的Bridgman法生长的PWO晶体具有较好的发光均匀性和透光均匀性，其原因主要是改进的Bridgman法采用密封的坩埚，有效地抑制了组份（PbO和WO3）的挥发.     

Luminous power efficiency optimization of a white organic light-emitting diode by tuning its spectrum and its extraction efficiency

We show an increase of the luminous power efficiency of a white organic light-emitting diode (LED) with three emitters by optimizing its spectrum and its extraction efficiency. To calculate this efficiency we use a model with four parameters: the spectra, extraction efficiencies, internal quantum efficiencies of three emitters, and the driving voltage. This luminous power efficiency increases by 30% by use of a spectrum close to the spectrum of the MacAdam limit. This limit gives the highest luminous efficacy for a given chromaticity. We also show that a white organic LED with an inefficient deep blue emitter can give the same luminous power efficiency as a white organic LED with a more efficient light blue emitter, because of their different fractions in the radiant flux. Tuning the extraction efficiency with a microcavity to the spectrum also increases the luminous power efficiency by 10%.