Al-Zn-Mg-Cu超高强铝合金晶界偏聚与腐蚀机制研究

采用自编软件建立Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中α-Al、η(MgZn2)相及晶界含η相的α-Al大角度晶界原子集团模型.用递归法计算合金中Zn、Mg、Cu的环境敏感镶嵌能、原子相互作用能,α-Al和η相结合能、费米能级等电子参数.并依据电子参数分析合金的腐蚀特性.结果显示:合金元素Mg、Cu容易在晶界偏析,Mg、Zn形成η相原子集团.因Mg在晶界偏析,晶界析出的η相较为粗大,晶内形成的η相比较细小.计算还表明:η相的费米能级最高,在腐蚀过程中作为阳极优先溶解.合金元素Zn具有增大晶界、晶内电位差的作用,降低合金的抗腐蚀性.Cu能减小晶界与晶内费米能级差,降低晶界与晶内的电位差,具有减缓合金腐蚀的作用.     

7050铝合金的力学性能及其电导率

<正>7050铝合金是美国Alcoa公司20世纪70年代研制的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的一种,通过调控7075铝合金成分发展而来。7050铝合金中的Zn和Mg可形成时效强化效果很强的Mg Zn2相,该相是高强度铝合金的主要强化相,使7050铝合金强度大大提高;Cu能降低晶界与晶内电位差,抑制其沿晶开裂趋势,且Cu能扩大G.P.区稳定温度范围,合金不易发生过时效;Zr对提高合金的再结晶温度、     

Al-Cu-Mg-Ag新型耐热铝合金的抗腐蚀性能

通过晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀、电化学和透射电镜等方法研究热处理制度对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金组织与抗腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:随着时效时间的延长,合金晶内和晶界析出相逐渐长大,晶界析出相由连续分布转变为不连续分布,无沉淀析出带(PFZ)逐渐变宽,合金的抗晶界腐蚀性能和抗剥落腐蚀性能逐渐降低。基体腐蚀电位φmatrix、PFZ腐蚀电位φPFZ和晶界析出相腐蚀电位φθ在晶间腐蚀液和剥落腐蚀液中符合φmatrixφθφPFZ。具有最低腐蚀电位的PFZ决定了合金的抗腐蚀性能。随着时效时间的延长,晶界析出相的粗化使得PFZ变宽,Cu原子减少,电位负移,PFZ与基体的电位差变大,腐蚀通道变宽,合金的耐蚀性降低。不同时效状态的Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金的抗腐蚀能力由强至弱的顺序为:欠时效的,峰时效的,过时效的。     

Zn元素及时效工艺对2056铝合金局部腐蚀行为的影响

通过晶间腐蚀(IGC)、剥落腐蚀(EXCO)实验及透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析,研究Zn元素及时效工艺对2056铝合金抗晶间腐蚀性能和抗剥落腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:2056铝合金在T6(175℃)时效态下,随着时效时间的延长,其晶间腐蚀与剥落腐蚀敏感性逐渐降低;在T8(155℃)峰时效态和T3(室温)时效态下,合金的抗晶间腐蚀及抗剥落腐蚀性能均有所提高,且在T3态下2056铝合金的抗腐蚀性能最好;在T6峰时效态下,不添加Zn的2056铝合金比添加Zn的2056合金的抗腐蚀性能差。合金发生局部腐蚀与晶界及其附近区域的特征紧密相关,当晶界析出相(S(S′)相)呈链状分布且晶界无沉淀析出带(PFZ)较宽时,合金晶间及剥落腐蚀敏感性大;晶界析出相尺寸越大,分布越不连续,PFZ越窄,合金晶间及剥落腐蚀敏感性越小;当晶界无析出相和PFZ时,合金晶间及剥落腐蚀敏感性最小。     

EFFECTS OF B ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND HYDROGEN RESISTANCE PERFORMANCE OF Fe–Ni BASE ALLOY

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察结合力学性能和抗氢性能测试研究了B对Fe--Ni基合金显微组织和抗氢性能的影响. 结果表明: B的加入有效地抑制了时效过程中晶界上大量η(Ni₃Ti) 相的析出, 晶界上仅析出少量碳化物, 从而显著提高了合金的塑性和抗氢性能. 断口观察显示, 对于无B合金, 在由峰值时效到过时效处理的过程中,由于η相的长大, 使合金发生由穿晶到沿晶断裂的转变; 热充氢后, H在η/γ界面的积聚, 促使合金发生大量沿晶断裂,而含B合金在热充氢后仍以穿晶断裂为主.     

铝锂合金晶间腐蚀敏感性与时效阶段的相关性

研究了不含Zn及0.72%Zn微合金化的Al-3.7Cu-1.15Li-0.5Mg合金T6态时效(150及175℃)不同时间后的晶间腐蚀行为,建立了其腐蚀-时效进程状态图。结果表明,Zn微合金化铝锂合金晶间腐蚀敏感性略低于不含Zn微合金化的铝锂合金。随时效进程的发展,铝锂合金腐蚀类型变化规律为:孔蚀或局部晶间腐蚀(时效早期),全面晶间腐蚀(欠时效阶段),局部晶间腐蚀(近峰时效阶段),孔蚀(过时效阶段)。晶间腐蚀深度随时效时间延长呈先增加而后降低的规律。时效时间延长,一方面晶界析出相逐渐粗化并且呈不连续分布,另一方面晶内T1相及θ相析出,晶内电位降低,晶界及晶内电位差减小,从而导致上述腐蚀类型的变化。     

Al-Cu-Li合金均匀化处理参数优化和微观组织演化（英文）

对Al-Cu-Li铸态合金进行单级和双级均匀化处理,通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X衍射(XRD)和差热分析(DSC)研究合金元素分布和微观组织演化。结果表明:Al-Cu-Li合金铸态组织存在严重枝晶偏析,由晶内到晶界Cu元素分布十分不均匀,Mg、Zn、Mn和Ag变化不明显。晶界处存在大量的非平衡共晶相,主要包括Al_2Cu、含有少量Mg元素的Al_2Cu相,以及Al_2Cu Mg相。经双级均匀化(495℃/24 h+515℃/_24 h)处理后,大部分非平衡共晶相和部分第二相(Al_2Cu Mg和Al_2Cu Li)溶解到合金基体,但仍有部分富-Fe和富-Mn相残留在晶界不能回溶。Al_2Cu Mg相的熔点低于Al_2Cu相,两者分别在495和515℃先后溶解。通过均匀化动力学分析,确定Al-Cu-Li铝锂合金最佳的均匀化制度为495℃/24 h+515℃/24 h,该双级均匀化制度与动力学分析结果一致。     

低频电磁铸造Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金微观组织与性能

采用拉伸性能及电导率测试、透射电镜观察、低应变拉伸试验等手段 ,研究了不同时效工艺对低频电磁铸造Al Zn Mg Cu合金组织和性能的影响。发现合金的T6态峰值时效制度为 12 0℃× 4 8h ,T6处理可使合金强度达到峰值 ,但抗应力腐蚀性能差 ;T73处理后合金强度下降了 5 %～ 6 % ,抗应力腐蚀性能大幅度提高 ;而RRA时效 (回归再时效 )处理基本保持了T6态的强度 ,且抗应力腐蚀性能接近T73态。微观组织分析表明 ,不同时效制度下合金性能的差异主要是由晶内和晶界析出相的大小、形貌及其分布状态决定的。T73和RRA时效处理改善了合金晶界特性 ,有助于阻止氢脆、减缓晶界阳极溶解速度 ,提高合金的抗应力腐蚀能力     

Mg、Si含量对Al-Mg-Si合金力学性能及耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用布氏硬度试验、拉伸试验、金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等方法,研究了Mg、Si含量变化对Al-Mg-Si合金力学性能和耐晶间腐蚀性能以及析出行为的影响。结果表明:随着Mg、Si含量的增加,Al-Mg-Si合金的时效硬化速率显著提高,时效峰值硬度和强度均提高。在峰值时效状态下,高Mg、Si含量的合金的硬度与抗拉强度最高,但其耐晶间腐蚀性能明显降低。高Mg、Si含量的合金在时效过程中晶内析出了大量细小弥散的β″相,晶界析出相呈细小连续分布;低Mg、Si含量的合金晶内析出的β″析出相尺寸较大,晶界无沉淀析出相。     

均匀化处理对含钪Al-Zn-Mg-Zr合金组织的影响

采用金相分析、扫描电镜、能谱分析、DSC等手段研究含钪Al-Zn-Mg-Zr合金均匀化态显微组织的演变。结果表明：在合金铸态组织中存在大量的枝晶偏析,在晶界处存在很多低熔点共晶相,主要元素在枝晶内部区域呈周期性变化;合金中元素Zn、Mg和Cu在晶内及晶界分布不均匀;在均匀化过程中,随着均匀化温度的升高或时间的延长,残留相逐渐溶入基体,元素分布逐渐均匀。合金的过烧温度为476.7°C。当均匀化温度升高到480°C时,合金中开始出现复熔球和三角晶界。综合考虑：合金的最佳均匀化制度为470°C,24 h。     

Atom probe tomographic study of elemental segregation at grain boundaries for a peak-aged Al–Zn–Mg alloy

Atom probe tomography (APT) has been used to characterize the element segregation at the grain boundary (GB) for a peak-aged Al–Zn–Mg alloy with high stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility. The results show that Mg segregates along the GB with a peak concentration of 1.38 at.% and width of 3 nm. Zn does not segregate at GB. However, segregation of Zn and H atoms at oxide-containing clusters on GB has been observed. APT atom maps also reveal that Mg₂Si is the H trapping site, but MgZn₂ is not.     

7050铝合金晶界偏析与应力腐蚀,腐蚀疲劳行为的研究

研究了不同时效状态的７０５０铝合金晶界偏析与应力腐蚀开裂及湿空气环境下疲劳裂纹扩展的关系，并采用修正的化学方法计算了晶界偏析对断裂应力的影响。结果表明：随着时效程度的增加，晶界上Ｍｇ偏析浓度减小，捕获Ｈ的能力减弱，晶界断裂应力的百分数随之下降，因而合金的抗应力腐蚀和腐蚀疲劳性能提高。     

Effect of high-temperature pre-precipitation on mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking of Al-Zn-Mg alloys

1　INTRODUCTIONMediumandhighstrengthAl Zn Mgseriesaluminumalloysarethe primaryweldingstructurematerialsofaerocrafts ,transportationvehiclesandmilitaryequipments[1,2 ] ,duetoitsbetterweldabilityandexcellenttechnologicalproperty .Buttheexten siveutilizationofthesealloysishamperedbyitspoorstresscorrosioncracking (SCC)resistance[3,4 ] .Ac cordingly ,manystudieshavebeenconcernedwithsuchaproblemashowtoimprovestresscorrosionre sistanceofAl Zn Mgalloyswithnon deterioratedstrength[3,58] .Atpres…     

Al-xMg-3.1Zn铝合金的应力腐蚀开裂行为及其机制

通过慢应变速率拉伸实验和动态电解充氢实验分别研究了Al-x Mg-3.1Zn铝合金的应力腐蚀开裂行为及其氢脆行为。结合宏观断口和微观断口形貌分析研究了合金发生应力腐蚀开裂的进程。通过对合金应力腐蚀开裂的机制进行分析阐明了合金中Mg元素含量对合金应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响。结果表明:在该合金体系中存在应力腐蚀开裂,且合金的应力腐蚀敏感性随合金中Mg含量的降低而降低,这与合金的阳极溶解行为与氢脆行为随Mg元素含量降低而减弱有着直接的关系。在这当中,合金中晶界析出相的数量随Mg元素含量降低而减少起到了至关重要的作用。     

Effect of Zn and Y Additions on Grain Boundary Movement of Mg Binary Alloys During Static Recrystallization

Texture evolution in rolled Mg–1 wt% Zn and Mg–1 wt% Y binary alloys was analyzed by quasi-in situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) during static recrystallization. Mg–1 wt% Zn and Mg–1 wt% Y alloys exhibited strong basal texture at the initial recrystallization state. After grain growth annealing, the basal texture component {0001} < $11\overline{2}0$ > was increased in Mg–1 wt% Zn alloy and that of Mg–1 wt% Y alloy was decreased to be a random texture. Zn and Y atoms segregated strongly to the recrystallized grain boundaries in Mg–1 wt% Zn alloy and Mg–1 wt% Y alloy, respectively. Thus, Zn and Y elements facilitated the grain boundary movements along contrary directions during grain growth. In Mg–1 wt% Zn alloy, due to the Zn element segregation on grain boundaries, the grains consisted of a strong texture grew more easily because the grain boundary migration tended to move from the orientation close to normal direction to the orientation near to transverse direction or rolling direction. Therefore, after grain growth, the volume fraction of texture component {0001} < $11\overline{2}0$ > was increased by consuming the neighboring grains, leading to a stronger basal texture. On the contrary, in the Mg–1 wt% Y alloy, the Y element segregation caused the opposite direction of grain boundary migration, resulting in a random texture.     

Correlations among stress corrosion cracking,grain-boundary microchemistry,and Zn content in high Zn-containing Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys

The correlations among the corrosion behaviour, grain-boundary microchemistry, and Zn content in Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys were studied using stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and intergranular corrosion (IGC) tests, combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-angle angular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) microstructural examinations. The results showed that the tensile strength enhancement of high Zn-containing Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys was mainly attributed to the high density nano-scale matrix precipitates. The SCC plateau velocity for the alloy with 11.0 wt.% Zn was about an order of magnitude greater than that of the alloy with 7.9 wt.% Zn, which was mainly associated with Zn enrichment in grain boundary precipitates and wide precipitates-free zones. The SCC mechanisms of different Zn-containing alloys were discussed based on fracture features, grain-boundary microchemistry, and electrochemical properties.     

Effect of second-phase particle on localized corrosion in Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Mn alloy friction stir welded joint

The microstructure and corrosion behavior of a high-strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Mn alloy friction stir welded (FSWed) joint were investigated using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, open-circuit potential test, and potentiodynamic polarization. The weld nugget zone and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the FSWed joint showed diverse microstructural characteristics including micron-scale intermetallic particles and nanoscale precipitates, leading to different localized corrosion sensitivities. The results of electrochemical tests confirmed the regional difference of corrosion in FSWed joints. Detailed research on the corrosion process revealed that micron-scale Al(Fe,Mn,Si) particles promoted the dissolution of the vicinal matrix to induce pitting corrosion. The directionally distributed intermetallic particles and grain boundary precipitates in HAZ conduced to the development of intergranular microcracks into exfoliation. The matrix precipitates affected the localized corrosion tendency due to regional variation of the redissolution degree.     

晶界结构在不同热处理下对铝镁合金腐蚀规律的研究现状

铝镁合金是未来应用汽车领域发展具有很大潜力的一类重要材料.通常,在商品中的铝镁合金,镁的质量分数在0.5%～13%.汽车制造商通常选用镁的质量分数在4.5%以上,然而研究发现,当镁的质量分数超过3%的时候,会引起晶界间腐蚀,从而造成应力腐蚀开裂.此现象未见文献对其进行系统的分析和研究.本文主要介绍铝镁合金在不同的热处理...     

Interkristalline,Kornflächen- und Spannungsriß-Korrosion von ausgehärteten AlZnMg 1-Legierungen

Intercrystalline corrosion, grain-phase corrosion and stress-corrosion cracking of aged AlZnMg1 alloys Potentiostatic polarisation curves and stress corrosion crack propagation of a pure and a commercial AlZnMg1-alloy, both peakhardened either by warm or by double ageing, were investigated in airsaturated sodium halide and sulfate solutions at a temperature of 303 K. For this, propagation of crack tips was observed microphotographically under potentiostatic conditions and under constant stress using specimens precracked by fatique corrosion. The pure alloy contents (weight percent): Zn 4,4; Mg 1,26; Fe 0,05; Si 0,006; balance Al, the commercial alloy: Zn 5,05; Mg 1,2; Fe 0,23; Si 0,1; Mn 0,23; Cr 0,2; Cr 0,2; Ti 0,074; Zr 0,12; Cu 0,056; balance Al. In sodium halide solutions either grain boundary and grain attack or only grain attack occurs at a potential region more positive than the respective breakdown potential. At the more negative restpotential no attack can be observed. The influence of concentration of chloride ions on the velocity of discontinuous crack propagation in the pure alloy, which starts without any initiation stage, is different for both heat treatments. No crack propagation is observed in the commercial alloy and in any case in sulfate solutions. The obtained stress corrosion cracking results may be explained by hydrogen embrittlement of the area around the crack tip.     

合金元素Mg对含RE铝阳极组织与性能的影响

采用恒电流方法,测定了Al-5Zn-0.05In-0.1Sn-0.3RE和Al-5Zn-0.05In-0.1Sn-Mg-0.3RE两种铝合金牺牲阳极材料电流效率、利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析,研究了它们的金相组织。结果表明：镁对含RE铝阳极性能有较大改善,镁的添加改变了铝合金晶界偏析相的组成;晶界析出物Mg相减轻了铝阳极的晶界腐蚀和晶粒脱落。