板材零件局部体积成形技术研究

板材局部体积成形技术,或称为板材热冲锻成形技术,为近年来提出的一种板材零件成形方法,其特点是板材冲压成形时不但完成板材零件形状的成形,还兼有局部结构的体积成形,例如局部凸柱、凸台、凸筋等结构的成形,适合于成形镁合金、铝合金等金属的成形,尤其适于替代一些电子器件外壳的铸造加工产品。文章介绍了板材热冲锻成形技术的原理、主要工艺控制参数,并对镁合金盒形件的热冲锻成形过程进行了实验研究和计算机模拟分析。针对带有螺丝柱的典型AZ31B镁合金方盒件,通过实验和有限元模拟,研究了其热冲锻成形工艺。实验表明,在再结晶温度以上冲锻2mm或3mm厚的镁合金板材有很好的成形能力,盒形件的周边和内部凸柱都能同时成形。研究结果表明,合理的模具结构、摩擦润滑条件和加热温度等参数,可以获得侧壁高度均匀、凸柱高度合适、无吸孔和凸柱断裂等缺陷的工件。     

轻合金热态液力成形技术

铝合金和镁合金等轻合金在常温下变形能力差,但在加热到一定温度时塑性变形能力大幅提高.为了扩大此类轻合金在工业上,特别是在航空、航天以及汽车行业的应用,需要开发先进的温/热态成形技术.本文首先介绍了轻质合金的主要塑性成形方法,如超塑性成形,板材热冲压成形和气胀成形,然后重点讨论了铝合金及镁合金的热态液力成形技术的国内外研究现状,指出了开展此项研究的必要性和重要意义.     

钛及钛合金壳形件冲压成形影响因素及其应用现状

钛及钛合金力学性能优良,被称为"第三金属",相关产品广泛应用于航空航天、航海、医疗、冶金等众多领域,但由于钛属于难冲压成形类金属,其冲压成形壳形件的应用相对较少,针对钛及钛合金的冲压成形技术有待开发与提高。为此,系统阐述了影响钛及钛合金板材冲压成形的因素,主要包括板材力学性能、成形模具、冲压工艺参数及润滑剂等,并简单介绍了钛制冲压成形壳形件在航空航天、航海、日常生活等领域的应用现状,最后对钛及钛合金冲压成形技术的研究和应用进行了展望。     

镁合金板料拉深技术现状

镁合金是目前工程应用中最轻的结构材料，具有铝、钢铁等材料不可替代的优异性能。目前镁合金的主要成形工艺是重力铸造和压铸，而由于塑性加工方法制备的工件具有更加优良的力学性能，因而利用塑性变形方法制备镁合金工件展现出了光明的前景。板料冲压成形是材料加工最完善的加工方法之一，因此对镁合金板料的冲压性能及其工艺的研究具有十分重要的意义。介绍了镁合金的塑性变形特点，冲压工艺中的拉深技术在镁合金板料成形中的应用，研究现状以及发展前景。     

管材液压成形技术的发展——从前8届国际塑性加工会议看管材液压成形技术的发展

文章回顾了前8届国际塑性加工会议论文集中关于管材液压成形方面的文献,发现,早期的管材液压胀形技术内压较低,后来发展到可同时实现超高压和轴向补料;可成形零件的轴线由直线变为二维或三维空间曲线,种类大幅增加;适用于内高压成形的材料也由铝、铜、低碳钢等增加了不锈钢、铝合金、镁合金;同时热态内压成形技术也蓬勃发展起来。     

镁合金的特点及其塑性加工技术研究进展

介绍了镁合金的性能特点及其在航天航空领域、汽车工业、3C产品中的应用前景,阐述了镁合金塑性加工现状及研究进展,分析了镁合金挤压、热冲、热锻、等温锻造、超塑性成形及剧塑性成形技术特点及工艺关键。     

塑性加工技术的新进展(2000年美国国际机械工程大会暨展览会塑性加工研讨会综述)

介绍了2000年美国国际机械工程大会（IMECE）的概况。介绍了该会议与塑性加工相关的3个主题研讨会（金属成形进展、材料热加工和快速成形技术）的论文内容，讨论了塑性加工工艺控制与优化、板材加工、管材成形、材料数值模拟方法和计算模型方面的发展现状，介绍了液压胀管、半固态成形等热点研究工艺和一些新的塑性加工技术。     

塑性加工技术的新进展

介绍了 2 0 0 0年美国国际机械工程大会 (IMECE)的概况。介绍了该会议与塑性加工相关的 3个主题研讨会 (金属成形进展、材料热加工和快速成形技术 )的论文内容 ,讨论了塑性加工工艺控制与优化、板材加工、管材成形、材料数值模拟方法和计算模型方面的发展现状 ,介绍了液压胀管、半固态成形等热点研究工艺和一些新的塑性加工技术     

智能与控制在塑性加工制备与成形中的应用

对材料制备与塑性加工方面的智能控制特点进行了介绍与分析。首先对钢铁、铜及铜合金管材连铸连轧过程控制加工特点进行了阐述 ,其次介绍了镁合金的“轧制 等通道角挤压 拉制”连续加工制备技术和镁合金薄板半固态双辊铸轧工艺。对于薄板增量加工成形技术 ,介绍了飞机整体壁板增量压弯技术、薄板单点无模增量成形技术和多点无模增量成形技术。讨论了薄板可动凹模液压成形技术、异型截面管件液压成形技术和细长杆件空间弯扭成形技术原理。最后对于微小件加工技术进行了简要介绍     

镁合金的塑性加工技术

分析了镁合金的塑性变形特点及应用前景，阐述了镁合金塑性加工研究现状及在材料，性能和加工制造方面的发展方向，分析了镁合金挤压，锻造，冲压，胀形等变形特点及工艺关键。讨论了镁合金的各种加工性能和环境影响，总结了镁合金塑性加工技术的最新进展。     

Cold stamping for AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet of cell phone house

Electric product house of magnesium alloy sheet is usually obtained by warm stamping owing to its poor plasticity and formability at room temperature. The formability of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet can be improved by repeated unidirectional bending (RUB) process through control of (0002) basal texture. Compared with as-received sheet, the Erichsen value (IE) of the sheet underwent RUB process increases to 5.90 from 3.53 at room temperature. It is also confirmed that cell phone houses could be stamped successfully in crank press with AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets underwent RUB process. It provides an alternative to the electronics industry in the application of magnesium alloys.     

铝合金板温成形过程摩擦在线检测系统的研究

介绍并分析了对板料成形过程摩擦问题研究的发展与现状。设计出一种用于动态测量板料成形真实过程摩擦系数的探针传感器,并在此基础上开发出铝合金板料温成形过程摩擦在线检测系统。利用该系统进行了铝镁合金板(5182)筒形件温成形过程摩擦在线检测,得到了合理的实验结果。     

脉冲电流轧制对AZ31镁合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

对比研究脉冲电流轧制工艺与温轧工艺对AZ31镁合金板材的力学性能、织构、微观组织与沉淀相等方面的影响。结果表明：脉冲电流具有促进冷轧AZ31镁合金低温再结晶能力的作用。脉冲电流轧制后的镁合金板材组织由细小的等轴再结晶粒与析出相构成,没有发现孪晶组织,并且完全再结晶,原始晶粒均被细小的再结晶晶粒取代,再结晶晶粒内的位错密度低。而温轧镁合金组织则由稍拉长变形孪晶、粗大的再结晶晶粒和析出相构成,再结晶的晶粒内位错密度高。两种轧制方式下的镁合金析出相均为Mg17Al12。脉冲电流轧制后镁合金的织构具有典型基面织构的特征,而脉冲电流轧制镁合金的织构则出现横向偏转;脉冲电流轧制后镁合金的屈服强度与伸长率均比温轧镁合金的大,但抗拉强度正好相反。     

Experimental and numerical study of warm deep drawing of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet

Warm forming of magnesium alloy sheet has attracted more and more attention in recent years. The formability of magnesium alloy sheet at elevated temperature depends on appropriate processes, and the fabrication of high-performance sheet. In this research, an AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet with excellent performances is fabricated by the cross-rolling and the uniform annealing treatments. The uniaxial tensile tests are conducted using a Gleeble 3500 thermal–mechanical simulator, and the mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet are analyzed. Finally, some limiting drawing ratio (LDR) experiments are performed. The experiments show that the LDR can reach 2.0 at the forming temperature of 150 °C and the drawing velocity of 15 mm/s. A warm deep drawing process is also simulated by the finite element method. The influences of drawing temperature and blank holder force on the formability are numerically investigated. The simulation demonstrated that variable blank holder force technology can improve the LDR from 3.0 to 3.5, and decrease the wall thinning ratio from 15.21% to 12.35%.     

轧制路径对ZK60镁合金板材组织和性能的影响

在250 ℃对轧制-热处理态ZK60镁合金板材进行9道次不同路径的轧制试验。采用光学显微镜、电子万能试验机、SEM、XRD等研究了轧制试验后ZK60镁合金的显微组织、室温拉伸性能、断口形貌及晶粒择优取向。结果表明:轧制路径对ZK60镁合金板材的晶粒尺寸变化无明显影响,但压下量对镁合金组织内的孪晶变化有很大影响;轧制路径的变化对ZK60镁合金板材的各向异性和力学性能有较大影响,在交叉+45°的路径下轧制后ZK60镁合金板材,各向异性较弱,具有良好的综合力学性能和轧制成形能力,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到244.31 MPa、371.14 MPa和25.46%;交叉+45°路径轧制对ZK60镁合金的晶粒择优取向有明显影响,能够改善镁合金板材的晶粒择优取向和各向异性,提高ZK60镁合金的力学性能。     

Effects of process parameters on warm and electromagnetic hybrid forming of magnesium alloy sheets

As the lightest structural metal, magnesium (Mg) is attracting increasing interest from both the industrial and academic fields. Magnesium alloy parts are mainly processed by die casting due to their poor sheet formability at room temperature. Warm forming is a popular method of forming; Mg alloy sheets produced in this manner show excellent formability around 200-400 °C. Electromagnetic forming (EMF) can improve the formability of metal sheets without the need for lubricants. In this paper, a new approach, called warm and electromagnetic hybrid forming (WEMF), is presented. The effects of voltage, capacity, and temperature on the bulging height of Mg alloy sheets are investigated. Results show that the bulging height of Mg sheets increases with moderate discharging energies. Enhancing the discharging voltage is also a more efficient method for increasing bulging height compared to simply increasing the capacity. When the discharging energy is kept constant, the bulging height first decreases (<150 °C) and then increases (>150 °C) from room temperature to 230 °C. The formability of Mg alloy sheets improves with increasing temperature, while the forming efficiency of WEMF decreases under similar conditions.     

Warm deep drawing of wrought magnesium alloy sheets produced by semi-solid roll strip-casting process

This paper is concerned with the development of a continuous strip-casting technology to facilitate the manufacture of magnesium sheet alloys economically whilst maintaining high quality. Established in the paper is warm formability of cast magnesium alloy sheets after being hot rolled by semi-solid roll strip-casting process. It has been found that magnesium sheet with 2.0–4.0 mm thickness could be produced at a speed of 25 m/min. Hot rolling and annealing temperatures during hot rolling were also changed to examine which condition would be appropriate for producing wrought magnesium alloys with good formability. Microstructures of the crystals of the manufactured wrought magnesium alloys were observed. It has been found that a limiting drawing ratio of 2.7 was possible in a warm deep-drawing test of the cast magnesium alloy sheets after being hot rolled.     

铝合金板温成形过程中凸凹模圆角处摩擦的测量

在温成形过程中铝合金板与模具表面的接触和摩擦行为十分复杂,不同的接触区域摩擦状况不尽相同。本文分析了板料成形中摩擦测量的国内外发展状况,采用自行设计的新型摩擦测量装置完成了铝合金板温成形过程中凸凹模圆角处摩擦系数的测量。该测量装置的特点是可以模拟板料的真实变形过程,因而可以获得更为准确的测量结果。     

AZ31B镁合金薄板拉深成形模拟分析

用Dyanform软件模拟AZ31B镁合金的拉深成形过程,通过自动设置模块进行参数设置,并最终得到接近实验结果的变形过程、成形极限以及壁厚分布趋势。模拟结果表明:基于Dynaform的数值模拟可以用于镁合金的成形过程分析及试件破损预测等,对于指导拉深物理实验具有重要作用。     

Influence of initial texture on formability of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets at different temperatures

Repeated unidirectional bending (RUB) process was carried out to improve the texture of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets. Influence of initial texture on formability of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheets at different temperatures was investigated. Compared with the as-received sheets, the limiting drawing ratio of the RUB processed sheets increased to 1.3 at room temperature, 1.5 at 50 °C and 1.7 at 100 °C, respectively. The improvement of the press formability at lower temperatures can be attributed to the texture modification, which led to a smaller Lankford value and a larger strain hardening exponent. However, the press formability of the sheet with a weakened basal texture has no advantage at higher temperature. This is due to much smaller r-value that results in severe thinning in thickness direction during the stamping process which is unfavorable to forming. Anyhow it is likely that the texture control has more effect on the press formability at lower temperature.