用C语言实现高效嵌入式编程

用高级语言C进行嵌入式系统的编程有着汇编语言编程所不可比拟的优势，并已成为未来必然的发展趋势。本文根据作者的实际开发经验，以KEILC51为开发工具，首先介绍了高级语言C的编程优势，然后介绍了C51与标准C语言的主要不同点，介绍了用高级语言C进行嵌入式系统编程的特点；介绍了如何快速编出规范、高效而又精简的C语言程序，以及如何对程序进行优化。     

单片机C51与汇编语言的混合调用

对于单片机程序的编写,汇编语言具有速度快的优势,C51则具有高级语言的优点。文中介绍了C51函数的内部转换规则和参数传递规则,通过实例详细给出了实现C51与汇编语言混合调用的方法,包括C51内嵌汇编语言、C51调用汇编语言以及汇编语言调用C51。     

C51实现I2C总线的应用研究

介绍了12C总线的的性能和特点，并详细的分析了它的工作原理，给出了它在51单片机上与EEPROM连接的具体应用和相应的C51程序。     

在VB下用PC机串行口在线写AT28C64

本文针对单片机开发过程中程序的写入、调度，以及AT28C64为例提出了种用PC机直接将*.HEX文件在线写入的方法，文中给出了搭建的硬件相关电路及用VB和C51编制的数据传送程序和监控程序。     

用PROG100编写的IC卡考勤系统（续）

2、AT89C51程序设计: 89C51主要完成时间显示、日期存取、合法卡识别、打卡数据处理等。程序采用中断方式。两级中断,即串行中断和外部中断O;设定外部中断为高优先级。     

基于C语言的单片机串行通信设计

利用C51开发单片机系统，可缩短开发周期，且明显地增加程序的可读性，便于改进和扩充。以研制出规模更大，性能更完备的系统。本文介绍了8051单片机串行口的内部结构和与之相关的特殊功能寄存器,探讨利用C51实现单片机串行通信的方法。     

基于AD694和单片机的电流频率信号发生器的设计

针对现场维护仪器的需要，提出了一种基于AD694和P89C51RA2单片机的电流、频率信号发生器的设计方案，详细地介绍了AD694的使用及P89C51RA2的PCA高速输出模式的设置方法，并给出了主要的程序流程图及程序片段。该信号发生器可实现输出0～20．000mA的电流和100．0-10KHz的方波频率，输出信号精度高、稳定。     

扩展89C51单片机USB接口的方案研究

为了解决89C51单片机与外设通信的局限性,提出对89C51单片机扩展USB接口的方案。简单介绍了USB接口芯片PDIUSBD12,详细介绍了89C51单片机与PDIUSBD12的硬件连接以及固件程序、USB驱动程序、用户程序的设计。     

SPI接口芯片在单片机小系统中的应用

介绍以89C2051单片机为主机与2种SPI接口芯片构成的小系统，阐述了硬件电路，并给出了SPI接口的C51程序。     

51单片机C语言编程技巧探讨

现代程序开发过程中,C语言是使用比较多的一种语言,广泛应用于底层开发。而51单片机作为基础入门的单片机,也是一种应用广泛的硬件,二者都是电子信息类专业人才必须掌握的知识内容。实际开发过程中,采用51单片机程序与C语言相结合的设计方式十分常见。笔者简单介绍了51单片机和C语言的编程特点,简要讨论了C语言的编程技巧和方法。     

Integration | Innovation | Inclusion: Values,Variables and the Design of Human Environments

Complexity, complication, contradiction, consumption, confusion, delusion, depression. Opportunity, inspiration, ingenuity, compassion, wisdom. Our world is perplexing, our times are fast moving, and our choices are many. To find an appropriate path is a daunting yet vital challenge that confronts us as individuals, as communities, and as a civilization. How sustainable is our world? How reasonable are our behaviors? The present article is a collection of thoughts on a series of intertwined issues related to the contemporary world, its environmental dimensions, and their present-day problems. The goal is to survey the landscape through a lens of Environmental Design, to provide some perspectives, to raise some questions, and to explore systems, beliefs, and values informing and influencing actions. It is important to consider how people's belief systems influence, inform, and shape actions. This holds true in realms political, spiritual, and cultural. It also proves relevant in the ways in which we imagine, design, develop, and construct our buildings, cities, spaces, and places.

Appropriate solutions to some of our most daunting problems will arise through the concerted efforts, open dialogue, and collective wisdom of the wide array of stakeholders, professionals, politicians, decision makers, and citizens (both engaged and disenfranchised) who have the will and wherewithal to make a difference and to make the world safer, healthier, and better. It seems vital for us to critically examine, and question, our belief systems and their connections to the ways we define, refine, and realize progress. Architecture and Environmental Design, in both a philosophical and a practical sense, reflect as well as form greater aspirations, directions, and events of our times.     

计算机城市灾害预测系统

根据灰色系统理论,为城市灾害行为提供科学可靠分析,是有效的城市防灾及减灾对策的科学依据,此系统基于地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）做到了良好的动态图形界面和人机对话环境,为政府部门,消防,房管,保险公司提供了科学防灾数据,对预防和减轻灾害有着巨大的社会和经济效益。     

基于RGB-D信息的移动机器人SLAM和路径规划方法研究与实现

移动机器人在各种辅助任务中需具备自主定位、建图、路径规划与运动控制的能力。本文利用RGB-D信息和ORB-SLAM算法进行自主定位,结合点云数据和GMapping算法建立环境栅格地图,基于二次规划方法进行平滑可解析的路径规划,并设计非线性控制器,实现了由一个运动底盘、一个RGB-D传感器和一个运算平台组成的自主移动机器人系统。经实验验证,这一系统实现了复杂室内环境下的实时定位与建图、自主移动和障碍物规避。由此,为移动机器人的推广应用提供了一个硬件结构简单、性能良好、易扩展、经济性好、开发维护方便的解决方案。     

Expert system verification and validation: a survey and tutorial

Assuring the quality of an expert system is critical. A poor quality system may make costly errors resulting in considerable damage to the user or owner of the system, such as financial loss or human suffering. Hence verification and validation, methods and techniques aimed at ensuring quality, are fundamentally important. This paper surveys the issues, methods and techniques for verifying and validating expert systems. Approaches to defining the quality of a system are discussed, drawing upon work in both computing and the model building disciplines, which leads to definitions of verification and validation and the associated concepts of credibility, assessment and evaluation. An approach to verification based upon the detection of anomalies is presented, and related to the concepts of consistency, completeness, correctness and redundancy. Automated tools for expert system verification are reviewed. Considerable attention is then given to the issues in structuring the validation process, particularly the establishment of the criteria by which the system is judged, the need to maintain objectivity, and the concept of reliability. This is followed by a review of validation methods for validating both the components of a system and the system as a whole, and includes examples of some useful statistical methods. Management of the verification and validation process is then considered, and it is seen that the location of methods for verification and validation in the development life-cycle is of prime importance.     

Real-world effectiveness of Ergonomic methods

The way ahead with the practical development and application of Ergonomic methods is through a better anticipation and appreciation of changes to system effectiveness and human work that will be incurred through the introduction of new technologies to the workplace. These improvements will involve an improved awareness by the system of the working context and environment. The argued future is with improvements in the handling and use of knowledge by systems. The development of suitable Ergonomics methods, or the careful adaptation of existing methods, should accompany any technological revolution. Moreover, future methods are needed that are specifically developed to be applicable to the real time study of work considering both work context and the amalgamation of results from the use of many diverse methods throughout the design and development life cycle of a system. Part of this process will be a necessary complementation of both quantitative and qualitative methods and guidelines. Another focus should be on creating improved Ergonomics participation within multidisciplinary system design and development environments throughout the system's life cycle. Only through this avenue can Ergonomics show a consistent and valued contribution to quality design and its development. In parallel to such a contribution will be an acceptance by other engineering disciplines, managers, and customers that such an application of Ergonomics is cost effective.     

Environmental ergonomics: a review of principles, methods and models

A review of the principles, methods and models used in environmental ergonomics is provided in terms of the effects of heat and cold, vibration, noise and light on the health, comfort and performance of people. Environmental ergonomics is an integral part of the discipline of ergonomics and should be viewed and practised from that perspective. Humans do not respond to the environment in a way monotonically related to direct measures of the physical environment. There are human characteristics which determine human sensitivities and responses. Practical methods for assessing responses to individual environmental components are presented as well as responses to ‘total’ environments and current and proposed International Standards concerned with the ergonomics of the physical environment.     

Gain-scheduled H ∞ filtering of parameter-varying discrete-time systems via parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions

This paper is concerned with the problem of gain-scheduled H _∞ filter design for a class of parameter-varying discrete-time systems. A new LMI-based design approach is proposed by using parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions. Recommended by Editorial Board member Huanshui Zhang under the direction of Editor Jae Weon Choi. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of P. R. China under Grants 60874058, by 973 program No 2009CB320600, but also the National Natural Science Foundation of Province of Zhejiang under Grants Y107056, and in part by a Research Grant from the Australian Research Council. Shaosheng Zhou received the B.S. degree in Applied Mathematics and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering, in January 1992, July 1996 and October 2001, from Qufu Normal University and Southeast University. His research interests include nonlinear control and stochastic systems. Baoyong Zhang received the B.S. and M.Sc. degrees in Applied Mathematics, in July 2003 and July 2006, all from Qufu Normal University. His research interests include and nonlinear systems, robust control and filtering. Wei Xing Zheng received the B.Sc. degree in Applied Mathematics and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering, in January 1982, July 1984 and February 1989, respectively, all from the Southeast University, Nanjing, China. His research interests include signal processing and system identification.     

Developing Faculty ICT Competencies Inside and Outside the Library

Despite all the financial resources that are directed to support and acquire learning technologies, the results have been generally disappointing. Faculty are eager to use technology but lack the technical skills, ability, and experience. Library staff includes a talent tool rich in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)/WEB 2.0 technical expertise and experience. In terms of content sourcing and procurement, library technical services and selection staff have broad knowledge of the marketplace for online information and content as well as experience in licensing access. They have a firm grasp of the transaction process, workflows, pricing, and licensing negotiations. Content development and sourcing inevitably involves access management, online storage, copyright, and licensing—things at which libraries are good. ICT deployment is changing teaching and learning on campuses, and the roles of those involved in teaching and learning are also changing. Whether formally through mandated library services, or informally through back channels, library staff are supporting faculty new technology use as well as faculty teaching materials content sourcing and procurement.     

Remote sensing of soil salinity: potentials and constraints

Soil salinity caused by natural or human-induced processes is a major environmental hazard. The global extent of primary salt-affected soils is about 955 M ha, while secondary salinization affects some 77 M ha, with 58% of these in irrigated areas. Nearly 20% of all irrigated land is salt-affected, and this proportion tends to increase in spite of considerable efforts dedicated to land reclamation. This requires careful monitoring of the soil salinity status and variation to curb degradation trends, and secure sustainable land use and management. Multitemporal optical and microwave remote sensing can significantly contribute to detecting temporal changes of salt-related surface features. Airborne geophysics and ground-based electromagnetic induction meters, combined with ground data, have shown potential for mapping depth of salinity occurrence. This paper reviews various sensors (e.g. aerial photographs, satellite- and airborne multispectral sensors, microwave sensors, video imagery, airborne geophysics, hyperspectral sensors, and electromagnetic induction meters) and approaches used for remote identification and mapping of salt-affected areas. Constraints on the use of remote sensing data for mapping salt-affected areas are shown related to the spectral behaviour of salt types, spatial distribution of salts on the terrain surface, temporal changes on salinity, interference of vegetation, and spectral confusions with other terrain surfaces.As raw remote sensing data need substantial transformation for proper feature recognition and mapping, techniques such as spectral unmixing, maximum likelihood classification, fuzzy classification, band ratioing, principal components analysis, and correlation equations are discussed. Lastly, the paper presents modelling of temporal and spatial changes of salinity using combined approaches that incorporate different data fusion and data integration techniques.     

Multiple labels associative classification

Building fast and accurate classifiers for large-scale databases is an important task in data mining. There is growing evidence that integrating classification and association rule mining can produce more efficient and accurate classifiers than traditional techniques. In this paper, the problem of producing rules with multiple labels is investigated, and we propose a multi-class, multi-label associative classification approach (MMAC). In addition, four measures are presented in this paper for evaluating the accuracy of classification approaches to a wide range of traditional and multi-label classification problems. Results for 19 different data sets from the UCI data collection and nine hyperheuristic scheduling runs show that the proposed approach is an accurate and effective classification technique, highly competitive and scalable if compared with other traditional and associative classification approaches. Fadi Abdeljaber Thabtah received a B.S. degree in Computer Science from Philadelphia University, Jordan, in 1997 and an M.S. degree in Computer Science from California State University, USA in 2001. From 1996 to 2001, he worked as professional in database programming and administration in United Insurance Ltd. in Amman. In 2002, he started his academic career and joined the Philadelphia University as a lecturer. He is currently a final graduate student at the Department of Computer Science, Bradford University, UK. He has published about seven scientific papers in the areas of data mining and machine learning. His research interests include machine learning, data mining, artificial intelligence and object-oriented databases. Peter Cowling is a Professor of Computing at the University of Bradford. He obtained M.A. and D.Phil. degrees from the University of Oxford. He leads the Modelling Optimisation Scheduling And Intelligent Control (MOSAIC) research centre (http://mosaic.ac), whose main research interests lie in the investigation and development of new modelling, optimisation, control and decision support technologies, which bridge the gap between theory and practice. Applications include production and personnel scheduling, intelligent game agents and data mining. He has published over 40 scientific papers in these areas and is active as a consultant to industry. Yonghong Peng's research areas include machine learning and data mining, and bioinformatics. He has published more than 35 scientific papers in related areas. Dr. Peng is a member of the IEEE and Computer Society, and has been a member of the programme committee of several conferences and workshops. Dr. Peng referees papers for several journals including the IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (part C), IEEE Trans. on Evolutionary Computation, Journal of Fuzzy Sets and Systems, Journal of Bioinformatics, and Journal of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, and is refereeing papers for several conferences.