醋酸铜氨废液中铜的回收及其废水处理研究

针对醋酸铜氨废液总铜、氨氮、化学需氧量含量高的特点，提出了蒸汽吹脱-铁屑置换-Fenton氧化-磷酸铵镁沉淀组合处理工艺。实验结果表明，蒸汽吹脱最佳条件为：蒸汽吹脱温度70℃,吹脱时间70 min,氨氮去除率达到96.5%;铁屑置换最佳条件为：pH为1.5,铁屑投加量为理论值的1.8倍，置换时间60 min,经置换反应后废液中铜质量浓度降至0.255 g/L,铜置换率达到99.71%;Fenton氧化最佳条件为：pH为3.0,n(H₂O₂)∶n(Fe²⁺)=3.34∶1,反应时间30 min,废液COD_Cr从11300 mg/L降至358 mg/L,COD_Cr去除率达到96.83%;磷酸铵镁沉淀最佳条件为：pH为9.0,n(Mg)∶n(N)=1.2,n(P)∶n(N)=1.0,反应时间10 min;在最佳工艺条件下，废水最终出水水质氨氮<25.8 mg/L,余磷量<7.5 mg/L,COD_Cr<360 mg/L,总铜<0.02 mg...     

印染废水回用水处理复合药剂的开发与应用

针对印染废水回用率低、回用水水质要求高等特点,采用活性炭、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)、膨润土等药剂对印染废水生化出水进行处理,考察单一药剂成分对废水处理效果的影响。结果表明,单一PAC、PFS难以同时有效去除印染废水中的CODCr和色度,活性炭的处理效果较好,但成本较高。基于各药剂成本、处理效果等多种因素,开发了针对漂洗回用水水质标准的复合药剂1和针对染色用水水质标准的复合药剂2。复合药剂1中m(活性炭)∶m(PAC)∶m(PFS)∶m(膨润土)=5∶60∶5∶30;复合药剂2中m(活性炭)∶m(PAC)∶m(PFS)∶m(膨润土)=45∶30∶5∶20。研究结果表明,复合药剂1和复合药剂2处理1#水样的最佳投加量均为500 mg/L,最佳初始p H值分别为6和7,反应时间均为30 min;处理2#水样的最佳投加量分别为400和500 mg/L,初始p H值为6和6~7,反应时间分别为45~60和60 min。2种印染废水经复合药剂处理后水质均能达到相关出水水质的要求。     

化学沉淀法处理高浓度氨氮废水的研究

目前攀西地区提钒企业高浓度氨氮废水(氨氮含量一般在2 600～2 800 mg/L)普遍采用吹脱法处理，存在诸多缺点。以钠化提钒废水为研究对象，用化学沉淀法对废水中的高浓度氨氮进行脱除处理，即用镁盐、磷酸盐将废水中的氨氮转化为磷酸铵镁沉淀而予以回收。为探索采用化学沉淀法处理高浓度氨氮废水的最佳工艺条件，考察了药剂组合、N∶P∶Mg(摩尔比)、pH、反应温度、搅拌时间对氨氮脱除率(以纳氏试剂分光光度法测定废水中的氨氮含量)的影响，并以XRD和X射线荧光半定量分析法对沉淀物进行表征分析。试验结果表明：药剂组合为MgCl₂·6H₂O+Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O,在pH=9.5、N∶P∶Mg=1.0∶1.4∶1.1、反应温度35℃、搅拌时间50 min(搅拌器转速100 r/min)的条件下，氨氮脱除效果最佳，氨氮脱除率可达94.57%;得到的沉淀物中磷酸铵镁含量高达90.57%,具有良好的回收利用价值。     

聚天冬氨酸衍生物的合成与阻垢性能的研究

合成了含不同比例磺酸基团的聚天冬氨酸衍生物,对其阻碳酸钙垢、磷酸钙垢和分散氧化铁的性能进行了评定,并与聚天冬氨酸进行比较.结果表明:当n(磺酸基)∶n(聚琥珀酰亚胺)=0.2∶1,药剂质量浓度为14 mg/L时,对碳酸钙的阻垢率为95.7%;当n(磺酸基)∶n(聚琥珀酰亚胺)=0.4∶1,药剂质量浓度为20 ms/L时,对磷酸钙的阻垢率为99.8%;当n(磺酸基)∶n(聚琥珀酰亚胺)=0.2∶1,药剂质量浓度为15 mg/L时,分散氧化铁的最小透光率为33.2%.n(磺酸基)∶n(聚琥珀酰亚胺)=0.2∶1的聚天冬氨酸衍生物的综合性能最好.     

膜化学反应器去除煤化工气化废水氨氮研究

采用膜化学反应器,使废水中的氨氮与磷酸根离子、镁离子产生鸟粪石沉淀,降低煤化工气化废水中的氨氮。结果表明,进水氨氮浓度192.88 mg/L,投料比n(Mg)∶n(N)∶n(P)=1∶1∶1时,氨氮去除率超过90%,出水浊度降低了85%以上,且反应稳定,随时间基本无变化;曝气可以有效改善膜通量,沉淀经膜过滤、烘干回收,回收率达94.29%。     

膜化学反应器去除煤化工气化废水氨氮研究

采用膜化学反应器,使废水中的氨氮与磷酸根离子、镁离子产生鸟粪石沉淀,降低煤化工气化废水中的氨氮。结果表明,进水氨氮浓度192.88 mg/L,投料比n(Mg)∶n(N)∶n(P)=1∶1∶1时,氨氮去除率超过90%,出水浊度降低了85%以上,且反应稳定,随时间基本无变化;曝气可以有效改善膜通量,沉淀经膜过滤、烘干回收,回收率达94.29%。     

鸟粪石沉淀法预处理中等浓度氨氮废水研究

采用鸟粪石沉淀法预处理中等浓度氨氮废水,考察磷源、镁源、pH、反应时间、药剂投加比对处理氨氮废水的影响。结果表明,处理初始浓度200 mg/L的模拟氨氮废水,当以Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O和MgCl_2·6H_2O作为投加药剂,反应pH为10.0,反应时间10 min时,n(N)∶n(P)在1∶0.8¹∶0.85之间,n(N)∶n(Mg)在1∶11∶0.85之间,n(N)∶n(Mg)在1∶1¹∶1.15之间有较好的处理效果。通过红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射仪等表征说明回收的产物为鸟粪石。采用该法预处理实际中等浓度氨氮废水,最佳n(N)∶n(P)∶n(Mg)摩尔比为1∶0.8∶1.05,处理后氨氮浓度符合企业所处化工园区的污水接管标准。     

MAP法去除联碱生产清洗水中氨氮的研究

以联碱生产清洗废水为研究对象,探索了p H值、化学药剂投放配比、反应时间、不同镁源材料对MAP法去除氨氮的影响。结果表明,在反应温度为室温(25±1)℃,p H值为10.5,物质的量比n(Mg2+)∶n(PO43-)∶n(NH4+)为1.2∶1∶1时,氨氮去除效果最佳,去除率达到98.4%;可溶性镁源优于Mg O,其中Mg Cl2·6H2O的效果更好;碱业生产废水的氨氮去除率和残留浓度随氨氮初始浓度而变化,中等浓度时,氨氮去除率较高、氨氮残留浓度和磷残留浓度较低,氨氮初始浓度为1000~3000 mg/L,氨氮残留浓度皆在50 mg/L以下,MAP法可有效降低后续深度处理负荷,同时获得缓释肥。     

磷酸铵镁法处理高浓度氨氮废水的研究

研究采用磷酸铵镁沉淀法,以MgO和Na2HPO4·12H2O为沉淀剂对4 028 mg/L的模拟高浓度氨氮废水进行处理,考察了pH和药剂配比对磷酸铵镁法沉淀效率的影响,获得磷酸铵镁法对高浓度氨氮废水的最佳处理条件为pH=9.5、MgO与Na2HPO4·12H2O药剂以及废水中氨氮物质的量比(n(Mg)∶n(P)∶n(N)]为2.4∶0.95∶1.在最佳条件下,利用磷酸铵镁法对模拟高浓度氨氮废水中的氨氮去除率为93.6%,对实际工业废水中的氨氮去除率为90%.     

鸟粪石沉淀法预处理中等浓度氨氮废水研究

采用鸟粪石沉淀法预处理中等浓度氨氮废水,考察磷源、镁源、pH、反应时间、药剂投加比对处理氨氮废水的影响。结果表明,处理初始浓度200 mg/L的模拟氨氮废水,当以Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O和MgCl_2·6H_2O作为投加药剂,反应pH为10.0,反应时间10 min时,n(N)∶n(P)在1∶0.8~1∶0.85之间,n(N)∶n(Mg)在1∶1~1∶1.15之间有较好的处理效果。通过红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射仪等表征说明回收的产物为鸟粪石。采用该法预处理实际中等浓度氨氮废水,最佳n(N)∶n(P)∶n(Mg)摩尔比为1∶0.8∶1.05,处理后氨氮浓度符合企业所处化工园区的污水接管标准。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。