不同煅烧温度下SiO2/TiO2复合粉体的制备与表征

实验以硅酸钠为原料制备比表面积较大的二氧化硅粉体,再以硫酸氧钛为钛源、二氧化硅为载体在一定温度、pH条件下反应制备复合粉体。探讨了不同的煅烧温度对产物的催化性能的影响,并进行了XRD、红外光谱等方面的性能表征。结果表明500℃下煅烧的催化效果最好,对活性大红染料降解率高达99.45%     

TiO2光催化剂的合成方法研究进展

纳米TiO2作为光催化剂具有光电转换效率高、价格低廉、催化活性高、无毒无害等优点,在有机废水处理与治理方面表现出了较高的光催化活性。本文简单叙述了纳米TiO2的溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、微乳法的制备方法及原理。     

TiO2/SiO2复合薄膜的制备及其自清洁性能

利用热陈化法得到的纳米TiO2粒子及SiO2聚合物胶粒通过浸渍-提拉技术制备了具有自清洁功能的TiO2/SiO2复合薄膜。考察了SiO2的复合比例对薄膜的表面形貌、透光率、光致亲水及自清洁性能的影响。随着SiO2复合体积分数的增大,薄膜的表面粗糙度、可见光透过率、光致亲水及自清洁性能显示了相似的变化规律。即在V(SiO2)=25%左右时,薄膜的各项特性或性能达到最大值或最小值。该薄膜在室外放置28天后,仍能显示超亲水性能。     

模板剂—水热法合成纳米ZnFe2O4-TiO2光催化剂

研究了以多孔陶粒浮球为载体,采用模板剂-水热法制备了纳米ZnFe2O4/TiO2复合光催化剂膜。主要研究了ZnFe2O4的掺杂对TiO2晶相结构、烧结温度、吸光性能及其光催化活性的影响和模板剂PEO20PPO70PEO20即P123的添加对ZnFe2O4/TiO2复合光催化剂膜性能的影响。采用XRD、UV-Vis吸光光谱、SEM和EDS等对ZnFe2O4/TiO2复合光催化剂膜的性能进行了表征。研究结果表明,适量掺杂ZnFe2O4,可以使TiO2成为催化活性较好的锐钛矿相;适量的添加模板剂P123可以提高TiO2的比表面积,P123与TiO2的摩尔比为0.02∶1时催化效果最好,这时ZnFe2O4-TiO2光催化剂对甲基橙脱色率在40min时可以达到80%以上。     

微乳液法制备纳米SiO2/TiO2及其光催化性能

以无机物聚合硅酸为硅源、硫酸钛为钛源,采用微乳液法制备了SiO2/TiO2复合光催化剂,考察了制备条件对SiO2/TiO2光催化活性的影响,并利用SEM、FTIR、XRD和BET等技术手段对光催化剂进行了表征。结果证明,SiO2和TiO2颗粒之间存在着强的相互作用,形成了Ti-O-Si键,从而抑制了TiO2粒径的增大,延缓了TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变。对甲基橙等染料的光催化降解实验结果表明,SiO2/TiO2的光催化活性并非随着TiO2的含量增加而提高,当硅与钛物质的量比为1∶1并在160℃的温度下水热合成2.5 h时,SiO2/TiO2光催化剂在紫外光照15 min后对甲基橙的脱色率为85.5%,与同等条件下制备的TiO2相比具有更好的光催化活性和更大的比表面积。     

LaFeO3/TiO2复合光催化剂的制备及性能

采用溶胶—凝胶法制备了LaFeO3/TiO2复合光催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征,根据催化剂对甲基橙的降解率对其活性进行评价。结果表明:复合了铁酸镧的LaFeO3/TiO2光催化活性要高于未复合的TiO2光催化剂,当复合浓度为0.2%较佳,甲基橙降解率可达56.34%。     

纳米SiO2/TiO2复合粉体的制备及表征

以Na2SiO3为原料,采用非均匀成核法在纳米TiO2基体上制备了SiO2表面保护膜层,通过红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜、粒径测量、BET比表面积测量分析,证实纳米TiO2颗粒表面包覆了一层均匀致密的SiO2纳米膜,而且两者是以化学键合方式结合在一起。分散性能测试表明:纳米SiO2/TiO2复合粉体的分散性能明显提高。     

炭吸附La2O3/TiO2复合粉体的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用炭吸附共沉淀法制备了La₂O₃/Ti O₂催化剂,利用TG-DTG、XRD、TEM、UV-Vis等对催化剂进行表征,并考察了不同条件制备的La₂O₃/Ti O₂对可见光催化甲基橙降解效果的影响。结果表明,炭黑的加入可有效阻止粉体在制备、干燥及焙烧过程中的团聚和烧结;在600℃煅烧后得到的粉体结晶度高、颗粒分散均匀、颗粒粒径小。在可见光照射1 h后,炭吸附沉淀法制备的La2O3/Ti O₂对甲基橙的降解率高达92.25%,是普通沉淀法制得的La₂O₃/Ti O₂的3倍,光催化活性显著提高。     

负载TiO2城市污泥改性物光催化剂的制备

用城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥作原料,炭化制备活性炭吸附剂。以钛酸丁酯和无水乙醇为原料,乙酸为水解抑制剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2粉体,利用浸渍-烧结法将其负载于制备的污泥活性炭上,获得TiO2/AC光催化剂。以重金属离子Hg2+为目标污染物进行光催化去除实验,考察了抑制剂用量、TiO2的负载量、煅烧温度等对TiO2/AC催化性能的影响。结果表明,当CH3COOH∶Ti(OBu)4=0.8～1.0时,对Hg2+的催化去除效果较好;TiO2负载量为33.3%时,TiO2/AC光催化剂具有良好的吸附性能和更高的催化活性;煅烧温度直接影响晶体的结构,550℃煅烧时生成的混合晶体具有较高的催化性能。在最佳条件下制备的TiO2/AC光催化剂对水溶液中20 mg/L的Hg2+的光催化去除率可达到88.5%。     

水热法制备TiO2及其光催化活性研究

文章利用钛酸四丁酯为钛源,通过低温水热法制备出高催化活性的TiO2粉末。XRD,TEM,BET和UV-Vis等技术表征结果显示水热法制备的TiO2具有良好的锐钛矿晶型,与传统溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2相比较,它具有较大的比表面结构,较强的紫外吸收能力以及较少的团聚现象。从光催化降解DMP的活性评估可以看出,优化条件(180℃下水热10 h)下的TiO2具有较强光催化活性,DMP降解率为溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2的2.5倍。     

锌掺杂多孔SiO_2/TiO_2薄膜制备及光催化性能研究

锌掺杂多孔SiO2/TiO2(多孔Zn-SiO2/TiO2)复合薄膜自清洁玻璃以含聚乙二醇的钛醇盐和硅醇盐的复合溶胶前驱体通过浸渍提拉法制备。结果表明,在TiO2薄膜中添加SiO2可抑制TiO2晶粒长大,并提高TiO2薄膜的亲水性;随着聚乙二醇添加量的增加,锌掺杂多孔SiO2/TiO2薄膜的孔隙增多,表面积增大;经500℃煅烧的多孔Zn-SiO2/TiO2复合薄膜中,TiO2主要为催化效率高的锐钛矿相;多孔Zn-SiO2/TiO2复合薄膜表观光催化降解速率明显高于未掺锌多孔SiO2/TiO2薄膜。     

Preparation and characterization of surface bond-conjugated TiO2/SiO2 and photocatalysis for azo dyes

Surface bond-conjugated TiO₂/SiO₂ was prepared by means of the impregnation method. Based on the results of XRD, FTIR, XPS and BET measurements, the growth of titania (predominantly anatase) on the silica substrate seems to occur by anchoring of the TiO₂ phase through Ti–O–Si cross-linking bonds. The structure model of TiO₂/SiO₂ was proposed. Compared to B–TiO₂, the most efficient catalyst is 30 wt.% TiO₂/SiO₂ (Ims30), which showed three times higher photoactivity for the degradation of reactive 15 (R15). In addition, the catalyst had a higher photoactivity on a silica of smaller particle size than on the silica of larger particles. Silica gel plays the basic role of dispersion and support for power TiO₂. The isoelectric point of the catalyst was 3.0 pH units by the measurement of zeta-potential, indicating the presence of the surface acidity of the catalyst. The photodegradation and the adsorption of R15 and cationic blue X-GRL (CBX) were investigated with the change of initial aqueous pH.     

Combined TiO2/SiO2 mesoporous photocatalysts with location and phase controllable TiO2 nanoparticles

Combined TiO₂/SiO₂ mesoporous materials were prepared by deposition of TiO₂ nanoparticles synthesised via the acid-catalysed sol–gel method. In the first synthesis step a titania solution is prepared, by dissolving titaniumtetraisopropoxide in nitric acid. The influences of the initial titaniumtetraisopropoxide concentration and the temperature of dissolving on the final structural properties were investigated. In the second step of the synthesis, the titania nanoparticles were deposited on a silica support. Here, the influence of the temperature during deposition was studied. The depositions were carried out on two different mesoporous silica supports, SBA-15 and MCF, leading to substantial differences in the catalytic and structural properties. The samples were analysed with N₂-sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to obtain structural information, determining the amount of titania, the crystal phase and the location of the titania particles on the mesoporous material (inside or outside the mesoporous channels). The structural differences of the support strongly determine the location of the nanoparticles and the subsequent photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of rhodamine 6G in aqueous solution under UV irradiation.     

Preparation and characterization of TiO2–SiO2 nano-composite thin films

TiO₂ nanocrystalline particles dispersed in SiO₂ have been prepared by the sol-gel method using titanium- and silicon-alkoxides as precursors. Nano-composite thin films were formed on the glass substrates by dip-coating technique and heat treated at temperatures up to 500 °C for 1 h. The size of the TiO₂ nanocrystalline particles in the TiO₂–SiO₂ solution ranged from 5 to 8 nm. The crystalline structure of TiO₂ powders was identified as the anatase phase. As the content of SiO₂ increased, the anatase phase tended to be stabilized to higher temperature. TEM results revealed the presence of spherical TiO₂ particles dispersed in a disk-shaped glassy matrix. Photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂–SiO₂ (1:1) thin films showed decomposition of 95% of methylene blue solution in 2 h and a contact angle of 10°. The photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue increased and the contact angle decreased with the content of TiO₂ phase. TiO₂–SiO₂ with the molar ratio of 1:1 showed a reasonable combination of adhesion, film strength, and the photocatalytic activity.     

Structural colors from TiO2/SiO2 multilayer flakes prepared by sol-gel process

Preparation of TiO₂/SiO₂ multilayer flakes and their application to decorative powders were investigated. In contrast to conventional products prepared through the multicoating of core platelets, the coreless TiO₂/SiO₂ multilayer flakes were prepared by detaching multilayer films from their substrates. These flakes exhibited structural colors, when the optical path length of both the TiO₂ and SiO₂ layers are adjusted to be one fourth of the wavelength of visible light. A multicoating of more than five layers resulted in the propagation of cracks, which prevented the preparation of thick flakes. Paint films fabricated using the multilayer flakes and acrylic resins showed reflectance spectra that were comparable with those obtained for multicoatings on substrates.     

Characterization and photocatalytic activity of transition-metal-supported surface bond-conjugated TiO2/SiO2

TM/TiO₂/SiO₂ photocatalysts were prepared by the photodeposition method using transition metal salts (TM=Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺) as precursors and the surface bond-conjugated TiO₂/SiO₂ as supporter in N₂ atmosphere, and were characterized by XRD, XPS, UV-Vis diffuse reflection and zeta-potential. Their photocatalytic activities were evaluated using reactive brilliant red K-2G (K-2G) and cationic blue X-GRL (CBX) showing different adsorption behavior on the oxides. Fe, Cu supported TiO₂/SiO₂ can efficiently extend the light absorption to the visible region. XPS analysis verified that the introduction of transition metal lead to the changes of the electronic environmental of Ti cations and the zeta-potential of oxides. As a result, K-2G has higher adsorption on the modified TiO₂/SiO₂ than that on the baked one, while the adsorption of CBX has a little change on the both oxides. At the same time, for the photodegradation of K-2G, Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺-modified catalysts show that their photoactivities are 3.3–2.2 times higher than the bare one. On the contrast, all transition-metal-supported catalysts have no significant activity improvement except that Fe/TiO₂/SiO₂ shows 1.68 times higher activity for the photodegradation of CBX. The results indicate that the photoactivity could be increased in photodegradation of dyes by changing the performances of adsorption to dyes and absorption to light of photocatalyst.     

TiO2, TiO2/Ag and TiO2/Au photocatalysts prepared by spray pyrolysis

TiO₂, TiO₂/Ag and TiO₂/Au photocatalysts exhibiting a hollow spherical morphology were prepared by spray pyrolysis of aqueous solutions of titanium citrate complex and titanium oxalate precursors in one-step. Effects of precursor concentration and spray pyrolysis temperature were investigated. By subsequent heat treatment, photocatalysts with phase compositions from 10 to 100% rutile and crystallite sizes from 12 to 120 nm were obtained. A correlation between precursor concentration and size of the hollow spherical agglomerates obtained during spray pyrolysis was established. The anatase to rutile transformation was enhanced with metal incorporations and increased precursor concentration. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by oxidation of methylene blue under UV-irradiation. As-prepared TiO₂ particles with large amounts of amorphous phase and organic residuals showed similar photocatalytic activity as the commercial Degussa P25. The metal incorporated samples showed comparable photocatalytic activity to the pure TiO₂ photocatalysts.     

Preparation and characterization of CeO2/TiO2 nanoparticles by flame spray pyrolysis

Nanocrystalline TiO₂, CeO₂ and CeO₂-doped TiO₂ have been successfully prepared by one-step flame spray pyrolysis (FSP). Resulting powders were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂-physisorption, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The TiO₂ and CeO₂-doped TiO₂ nanopowders were composed of single-crystalline spherical particles with as-prepared primary particle size of 10-13 nm for Ce doping concentrations of 5-50 at%, while square-shape particles with average size around 9 nm were only observed from flame-made CeO₂. The adsorption edge of resulting powder was shifted from 388 to 467 nm as the Ce content increased from 0 to 30 at% and there was an optimal Ce content in association with the maximum absorbance. This effect is due to the insertion of Ce^3+/4+ in the TiO₂ matrix, which generated an n-type impurity band.