GK-Ⅵ型裂解炉烧焦工艺的优化

通过对影响裂解炉炉管烧焦反应主要因素的分析,结合裂解炉运行、烧焦现状,对裂解炉烧焦工艺进行了优化,缩短了烧焦时间,降低了裂解炉物耗能耗。     

自动切换及烧焦APC技术在乙烯装置裂解炉的应用

乙烯装置裂解炉引入自动切换和烧焦APC技术后，在不同原料、不同炉型情况下，实现自动切换、自动烧焦等5个功能，优化了裂解炉操作，将系统波动降至最低，减少了物料浪费和能源消耗。     

乙烯裂解炉烧焦技术进展

简要分析了氧气流量和温度对裂解炉烧焦的影响情况,重点概述了裂解炉烧焦技术的发展状况,并针对烧焦工艺存在的问题,提出了未来发展思路及若干建议。     

裂解炉在线快速烧焦技术的开发及工业应用

介绍了裂解炉在线快速烧焦技术的原理、方法及工业应用。应用结果表明:裂解炉辐射段炉管采用快速烧焦技术,烧焦时间可缩短50%以上,节能减排降耗效果显著,具有较好的经济和社会效益。     

扬子石化公司烯烃厂乙烯裂解炉实施在线烧焦

南京扬子石化公司烯烃厂与华东理工大学合作 ,共同开发了 型裂解炉在线烧焦程序软件 ,通过降低稀释蒸汽量、加大空气量进行助燃 ,从而达到废热锅炉烧焦所需要的温度。目前 ,该厂已在所有的裂解炉上成功地实施了国内外领先的裂解炉在线烧焦先进技术 ,由此每年可创经济效益 2 0 0万元以上裂解炉在线烧焦技术的应用 ,可以提高裂解炉清焦的科学性 ,降低操作人员的劳动强度 ,提高整个乙烯装置的自动化水平和生产效率。该厂乙烯装置共有 10台裂解炉 ,以前除 1台 型裂解炉能够实行在线烧焦外 ,其余 8台 型裂解炉和 1台乙烷炉全部采用空气加稀释…     

茂名乙烯裂解炉快速烧焦试验成功

茂名乙烯采用北京化工研究院的快速烧焦专有技术，日前在2号裂解装置2台裂解炉成功进行了快速烧焦试验。试验表明，采用新技术后裂解炉烧焦时间由之前平均2天缩短为8～10小时。按2号装置HB-107在线快速烧焦情况计算，裂解炉烧焦时间缩短40小时，烧焦蒸汽.     

CFD数值模拟技术在裂解炉低氮燃烧器改造中应用及效果分析

利用CFD模拟技术对需改造的裂解炉炉膛应用新型低氮燃烧器后的燃烧状况进行仿真模拟计算,计算和分析了裂解炉的温度场、速度场、浓度场(O_2、NO、CO)和热通量曲线。应用新型低氮燃烧器的模拟计算NO排放值77.7 mg/Nm~3,与改造后的实测数据77 mg/Nm~3对比,二者基本一致,实现了正常运行工况下NO_x的排放值≤80mg/Nm~3。这说明CFD模拟技术对裂解炉低氮燃烧器改造有着重要的指导意义。     

裂解炉用低NO_x燃烧器国内技术进展

综述了裂解炉用低NOx燃烧器的发展方向和技术开发的国内进展情况,介绍了低NOx燃烧器的CFD模拟结合理论研究和冷热态试验的研发手段,这些技术将满足裂解炉对火焰形状、热通量分布、NOx排放和操作稳定性的要求,提升具有自主知识产权低NOx燃烧器的市场竞争力。     

裂解炉快速烧焦技术在茂名石化的工业应用

茂名石化2号乙烯装置设计年产乙烯640 kt,共有7台裂解炉,其中5台SL-Ⅱ型裂解炉,2台SL-Ⅰ-M型裂解炉。SL-Ⅱ型裂解炉采用24组5-1构型炉管,年产110 kt乙烯,原设计烧焦时间为42.5 h,裂解原料为石脑油或轻烃。茂名石化采用中国石化北京化工研究院的快速烧焦技术后,在确保裂解炉安全的前提下,烧焦时间缩短为18~24 h。由于裂解炉烧焦时间大幅缩短,增加了裂解炉在线生产时间,不但节能减排降耗效果显著,还可提高乙烯装置的裂解产品产量。     

乙烯裂解炉燃烧器技术进展

综述了乙烯裂解炉燃烧器技术开发的最新进展情况,介绍了燃烧器布置优化、底部燃烧器和侧壁燃烧器等新技术以及CFD模拟技术在燃烧器设计和操作等方面的应用情况,这些新技术的成功应用将降低裂解炉烟气中NOx的排放,提高燃烧器的效率和裂解炉的操作稳定性.     

清管器清焦技术在聚酯装置热媒炉管上的成功应用

清管器清焦技术具有清焦效果彻底、安全环保、工期短等特点。仪征化纤股份有限公司通过在聚酯热媒炉的成功试用,不但提高了热媒炉的热效率,而且使得该项技术向化纤行业迈出了成功的一步。     

焦化加热炉炉管在线清焦的实践与思考

介绍了焦化加热炉在线清焦的原理以及该技术在燕山石化延迟焦化装置与惠州炼油分公司延迟焦化装置的应用情况,并对焦化炉在线清焦提出了一些建议。     

SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF COIL DECOKING IN ETHANE PYROLYSIS FURNACE

A detailed model of coupled heat transfer in the firebox and coke oxidation in the coils of a commercial ethane pyrolysis furnace was developed to simulate the decoking process. The model was created by combining a plug flow reactor model, the shrinking core model, and the zonal approach method to approximately describe the fluid flow in the coils, the gas-solid heterogeneous reactions of coke gasification, and the heat transfer in the furnace. The simulation accurately modeled the decoking time and CO₂ mole fraction at the coil outlets. The model may be used to evaluate existing decoking processes, and new decoking procedures can be investigated by iterative approximation. The model can be used to validate the following steady-state operating conditions: coil outlet temperature, coil inlet temperature, decoking time, coil outlet CO₂ mole fraction, and the maximum external tube wall temperature, resulting in lower consumption of steam and air and a reduction in residual coke. This work has provided essential information for the development of advanced on-line coke-burning procedures for ethylene production.     

Simulation of the decoking of an ethane cracker with a steam/air mixture

A combined furnace and reactor calculation is performed for the simulation of the decoking of an ethane cracker with a steam/air mixture. Different gas-solid reaction/diffusion models with a corresponding texture model describing the solid phase changes during the decoking operation are combined with kinetics for the decoking by combustion and gasification, determined based on experimental data [Heynderickx, G.J., Schools, E.M., Marin, G.B., 2005. Coke combustion and gasification kinetics in ethane steam crackers. A.I.Ch.E. Journal 51 (5), 1414-1428]. By comparing the calculated coil outlet temperatures and the calculated partial pressures of carbon dioxide at the coil outlet with the measured values in an industrial unit, the need for a general gas-solid reaction/diffusion model and the corresponding decoking kinetics is confirmed. The decoking time for an industrial unit is simulated adequately.     

裂解炉蒸汽-空气烧焦过程计算及优化

通过对裂解炉烧焦过程的计算和分析,获得如下结果：当前裂解炉烧焦程序存在较大的改进空间,焦自身反应产生的热量带来的系统温升很小,不会产生局部过热。可通过及时提高烧焦温度、增加空气流量和降低稀释蒸汽流量来提高烧焦效率,烧焦时间可从原来的24h降低到15h。     

基于微生物燃料电池的新型膜生物反应器研究进展

运行耗能低和出水水质好是未来废水处理技术的发展趋势。生物电化学辅助膜生物反应器（bioelectrochemistry-assisted membrane bioreactor，BEMBR）耦合了膜生物反应器和微生物燃料电池两种新型水处理技术，取长补短，有效降低了膜污染速率和提高了出水水质，具有良好的应用前景。本文根据膜组件在BEMBR中的功能综述3种典型反应器构型的优势与不足；从COD去除路径和总氮脱除机制分析了BEMBR污泥减量、能耗削减和污染物去除提升的机理；从物理机制、化学机制及生物机制详细阐述了BEMBR抗膜污染机理。最后，针对目前BEMBR存在的局限，从产电性能、污染物去除效果、膜污染控制机理和微生物种群及代谢等方面提出展望，为加快BEMBR工程化应用提供理论参考。     

模拟乙烷裂解炉管中流体返混对烧焦过程的影响

针对裂解炉管弯头处流体运动状态变化的特点,采用柱塞流反应器(PFR)与串联全混流反应器(CSTR)组合的反应器模型,耦合计算了炉膛传热和辐射段炉管内的烧焦过程.将烧焦时焦炭表面氧分压、烧焦速率、炉管出口气体温度和碳氧化物含量、焦炭层厚度等影响的模拟结果与无返混的PFR模型的模拟结果进行了比较.结果表明:两种模型模拟的炉管出口气体温度和碳氧化物含量均与生产实际基本相合,但有返混的模型能更准确地描述烧焦结束时残碳在管内的分布特点.     

低压条件下大型焦炭塔系统几个设计问题的探讨

延迟焦化是目前国内、外渣油加工的重要手段之一,近几年其加工能力增长较快,随着一些新技术应用,焦炭塔系统运行的可靠性得以提升。笔者重点介绍焦炭塔本体设计的注意点及其系统新技术的应用情况,包含焦炭塔本体设计、焦炭塔阀门安全联锁控制系统、自动闸板式顶（底）盖机、水力除焦系统新技术的应用等。     

Environmental aspects of textile processing

The paper outlines some developments in ‘clean’ textile technology and discusses opportunities for effluent treatment with peroxy compounds. Particular aspects dealt with are elimination of organohalogen compounds (AOX) from cotton bleaching and wool shrinkproofing, energy and COD reduction in the continuous preparation of cotton and its blends, dye oxidation without chromium compounds, and the removal of colour from dyehouse effluent.     

Predicting HCl concentrations in fire enclosures using an HCl decay model coupled to a CFD‐based fire field model

The amount of atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) within fire enclosures produced from the combustion of chloride‐based materials tends to decay as the fire effluent is transported through the enclosure due to mixing with fresh air and absorption by solids. This paper describes an HCl decay model, typically used in zone models, which has been modified and applied to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD)‐based fire field model. While the modified model still makes use of some empirical formulations to represent the deposition mechanisms, these have been reduced from the original three to two through the use of the CFD framework. Furthermore, the effect of HCl flow to the wall surfaces on the time to reach equilibrium between HCl in the boundary layer and on wall surfaces is addressed by the modified model. Simulation results using the modified HCl decay model are compared with data from three experiments. The model is found to be able to reproduce the experimental trends and the predicted HCl levels are in good agreement with measured values. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.