Rapprochement between continuous and discrete model reference adaptive control

In the literature to date there is a dichotomy between results on continuous- and discrete-time model reference control. This is highlighted in the case of continuous-time systems having relative degree greater than one. It is known that, for rapid sampling, these systems always give rise to a non-stably invertible discrete-time system and thus discrete model reference control is ruled out. On the other hand, there are many results pertaining to continuous-time model reference control of such systems. This apparent paradox can be resolved by a slight modification to the discrete-time model format as shown later. This alternative model is used to develop a new discrete model reference adaptive control law and a convergence analysis for the algorithm is presented.     

神经元网络在VD温度预报模型中的应用

在对冶金生产过程中的现场实际情况进行详细分析的基础上,采用神经元网络技术建立和开发了一个真空脱气炉（VD）钢水温度的预报模型.该模型从基础自动化系统和L2过程控制系统中获得所需的数据,并通过设计的输入数据对神经网络进行了训练、检验和性能评价.该模型通过L2过程计算机,以网络方式向操作人员预报并指示VD开盖温度,经过实际运行,该模型可以准确预报VD终点温度,实现了对VD终点温度的精确控制,对于保证生产的顺利进行和节约能源有着重要的意义.     

Model predictive control of an industrial packed bed reactor using neural networks

This paper discusses an industrial application of a multivariable nonlinear feedforward/feedback model predictive control where the model is given by a dynamic neural network. A multi-pass packed bed reactor temperature profile is modelled via recurrent neural networks using the backpropagation through time training algorithm. This model is then used in conjunction with an optimizer to build a nonlinear model predictive controller. Results show that, compared with conventional control schemes, the neural network model based controller can achieve tighter temperature control for disturbance rejection     

一种结构化文件的访问控制模型的设计和实现

随着控制的粒度要求越来越细,传统的文件访问控制和权限管理已经逐渐无法完全满足当前一些应用中控制的要求。文章给出了一种结构化文件访问控制和权限管理的模型和解决方案,使得控制的粒度达到文件内容和语义的层次,能和现有的文件访问控制兼容,同时具有可扩展、用户自定义的特点。     

The Shared Control Parallel Architecture Model

SIMD machines are considered special purpose architectures chiefly because of their inability to support control parallelism. This restriction exists because there is a single control unit that is shared at the thread level; concurrent control threads must time-share the control unit (they are sequentially executed). We present an alternative model for building centralized control architectures that allows better support for control parallelism. This model, called shared control, shares the control unit(s) at the instruction level. More precisely, in each cycle the control signals for all the supported instructions are broadcast to the PEs. In turn, each PE receives its control by synchronizing with the control unit responsible for its local instruction. The shared control model is fundamentally different from the SIMD model. There are a number of architectural issues that must be resolved in order for this model to be useful. This paper identifies some of these issues and discusses their respective trade-off spaces. An integrated shared-control/SIMD architecture design (SharC) is presented and used to demonstrate the relative performance relative to a SIMD architecture.     

Reduced-Order Adaptive Controllers for Fluid Flows Using POD

This article presents a reduced-order adaptive controller design for fluid flows. Frequently, reduced-order models are derived from low-order bases computed by applying proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) on an a priori ensemble of data of the Navier–Stokes model. This reduced-order model is then used to derive a reduced-order controller. The approach discussed here differ from these approaches. It uses an adaptive procedure that improves the reduced-order model by successively updating the ensemble of data. The idea is to begin with an ensemble to form a reduced-order control problem. The resulting control is then applied back to the Navier–Stokes model to generate a new ensemble. This new ensemble then replaces the previous ensemble to derive a new reduced-order model. This iteration is repeated until convergence is achieved. The adaptive reduced-order controllers effectiveness in flow control applications is shown on a recirculation control problem in channel flow using blowing (actuation) on the boundary. Optimal placement for actuators is explored. Numerical implementations and results are provided illustrating the various issues discussed.     

体操机器人的模糊控制策略

提出了一种体操机器人模糊控制策略,它结合了无需模型和基于模型的模糊控制,无需模型的模糊控制器是为摇起体操机器人垢,它确保体操机器人的随着每次摆动而增加,基于模型的控制器是为平衡体操机器人设计的,它基于一个Ｔａｋａｇｉ－Ｓｕｇｅｎｏ模糊模型。     

Discrete-time adaptive control for mechanical manipulators having a joint compliance

This paper presents the application of a discrete-time adaptive control scheme to mechanical manipulators having a joint compliance. A control model of such manipulators is derived by linearizing the nonlinear equations about a desired trajectory. This control model is described by multivariable difference equations. The parameters of the model are estimated by parameter adaptation algorithms. Control gains, determined from the control model by using the pole placement technique, are computed on-line with the estimates of the system parameters. Simulation results with a two-link mechanical manipulator are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

基于SIP的集中式会议控制模型及实现

在前人研究的基础上提出了一种独立于应用的、适用于集中式会议的会议控制模型。模型包括会议配置、用户管理、Floor control、应用会话管理和网络管理各组件,采用了SIP协议作为会话控制协议。会议控制消息分为命令和通知两种。会议命令使用SOAP协议实现,会议消息采用了SIP事件通知机制。该会议控制模型被成功地应用于基于SIP的实时多媒体视频会议系统。实践表明,该会议控制模型是合理的、有效的。     

Robust Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy control of a spark ignition engine

This work deals with the nonlinear control of a three cylinders spark ignition (SI) engine using a fuzzy control strategy based on a Takagi–Sugeno (TS) modeling and robust control approach. A physical model of the SI engine is presented and transformed into a TS model. Then, a robust nonlinear fuzzy control algorithm is developed and applied to two different engine torque control structures. This approach is tested on a three cylinder SI engine test bench to prove the effectiveness of the method.     

A computational neuromusculoskeletal model of human arm movements

This work proposes a computational neuromusculoskeletal model of human arm movements. The model consists of three components: the supraspinal neural control system, the spinal motor system, and the muscle-tendon actuation system. In the supraspinal neural system model, the cerebellum is regarded as having feedforward control and the cerebrum as feedback control principally based on the feedback-error learning scheme. This computational model proposes that the feedforward control of the cerebellum may not need to be an explicit locus of an inverse dynamic model. This model also includes the modularly organized spinal motor system such that it simplifies controlling redundant muscular actuators. Cerebellar feedforward control and the spinal motor system are assumed to be adaptive. The two motor adaptations seem to synergistically promote motion flexibility and simplify the neural system structure. The neural control system is combined with the Hill-type muscle-tendon model to generate arm movement. The overall model proposes that an approximate inverse dynamic model may implicitly be constructed over the integrated neuromusculoskeletal system, and it is not necessary to be explicitly computed in a specific motor system. To cope with the human neural system, neuromuscular activation dynamics and neural transmission delays are included in the model. A computational simulation study using the model was implemented to verify the feasibility of the model. Center out reaching movements and learning of those movements as well s generations of figure eightlike movements were computationally tested. A plausible motor control scheme of movement is discussed using the model.     

一种通用访问控制管理模型

目前的访问控制管理模型都是针对某种特定的访问控制模型提出的,不能适应多访问控制模型共存于一个大型系统的情况,一个管理模型不能同时适用于多访问控制模型的主要原因是管理者管理范围定义包含了某种访问控制模型中特有的组件.通过使用各种访问控制模型中共有的主体和权限来定义管理模型中的管理范围,将管理模型与访问控制模型之间的关系抽象为一个用于计算策略相关管理范围的函数,提出了一种能够用来管理不同访问控制模型的通用访问控制管理模型,为了便于模型实际使用,在模型中引入管理空间的概念与实际组织结构相对应,形成分布式访问控制管理结构,同时模型严格区分了管理空间的直接管理者和间接管理者在管理权限上的不同,使得管理者具有一定的自治性.最后讨论了管理模型中的管理规则和语义,证明了模型的完备性,并讨论和分析了针对不同访问控制模型的policy*算法.     

UCON访问控制的研究

UCON模型是一种新型的访问控制模型,它包含了传统访问控制模型并能适应现代信息系统的访问控制要求,为研究下一代访问控制提供了新思路,被认为是当前很具有潜力的访问控制技术。本文较为全面的介绍了UCON模型,重点介绍了UCON核心模型的组成元素,UCONABC模型,阐述了UCON模型的新特性,以及它的使用范围,最后分析了UCON的优点以及实际应用中存在的不足。     

Gaussian process internal model control

Nonlinear modelling approaches such as neural networks, fuzzy models and multiple model networks have been proposed for model based control, to improve the poor transient response of adaptive control techniques. The quality of control is known to be strongly related to the accuracy of the model which represents the process. A Bayesian Gaussian process (GP) approach provides an analytic prediction of the model uncertainty, which makes the GP model an ideal candidate for model based control strategies. This article extends the use of the GP model for nonlinear internal model control. The invertibility of the GP model is discussed and the use of predicted variance is illustrated on a simulated example.     

Identification of a modified optimal control model for the human operator

The optimal control model for the human operator has emerged as one of the most promising models for the study of human performance in complex tasks. Previous applications of this model have used heuristic methods based on empirical data to establish numerical values for the model parameters. This was necessary because of the absence of any systematic identification method for the direct extraction of model parameters from experimental data. In this paper, the standard optimal control model is analyzed from the viewpoint of system identification. It is shown that the existing model structure is overparameterized and can be simplified by modifying some of the original assumptions. Identifiability of the resulting modified optimal control model is investigated. As a result, a systematic procedure for the identification of the modified optimal control model parameters from available data is developed. This procedure is validated by application to experimental data from simulation of a piloted tracking task. The paper concludes with recommendations for further simplification in the human operator model structure.     

基于单层MAS的分布式交通信号智能控制模型

提供了一种基于单层分布式MAS结构的智能交通信号灯控制系统模型，系统中每一个Agent根据本地交叉路口的交通状况自主形成控制策略，并将该策略与其他的Agent进行协商，以实现整个系统的自适应控制。为了验证本研究的结果，用Java开发了TSCSNHM模拟器，并在其中使用KQML语言实现各个Agent之间的信息交换和协商。通过3种典型的控制模式的模拟实验结果表明，TSCSNHM模式的控制效能接近于集中智能控制模式。     

Model predictive control with adaptive disturbance prediction and its application to fatty acid distillation column control

This paper describes the results of a joint university-industry study to control a fatty acid distillation sequence, which is plagued with severe disturbance problems. In order to solve the disturbance problem, a model predictive control algorithm is modified in terms of disturbance prediction. Assuming that the dynamics of the unmeasured disturbances is generated by an auto-regressive form, the dynamics of the disturbance can be adaptively identified by using time series data of prediction errors and inputs. Using an identified disturbance model with a process model, future outputs are predicted. Control actions are determined so that the predicted output is as close to the target value as possible. This modified model predictive control aglorithm is applied to a ratio control scheme for three distillation columns. The control system developed has been in use sucessfully for more than six years to produce commercial products.     

基于模型识别的高精度制冷控制策略

遥感相机中需要对焦面组件进行高精度的制冷控制以保证高质量的成像效果,因此基于模型识别进行焦面高精度制冷控制策略的设计。制冷系统在硬件上设计特定的二级放大机制以获得高精度测温数据,实现数字化增量式PID控制算法优化以获得高精度控温效果。系统采用脉冲管制冷机作为控制对象,结合继电反馈识别方式与高阶模型,使用最小二乘拟合方法获得制冷系统过程模型。模型的建立保证了控制算法参数的准确性与控温的精确度,这与传统的PID调参手段相比,大大降低了时间成本,提升了系统的控温精度。通过实验结果表明,本系统的控温精度为±27mk,受到干扰后在6分钟内回稳,实现了高精度高稳定度的制冷控制。     

一种多维接入控制模型的研究

网络的接入控制机制对整个网络的安全、以及服务质量有着重要的作用。它提供给网络设计人员和管理人员一个很好的切入点。他们可以通过边缘的接入控制来实施自己的安全机制以及服务质量的控制。随着各种接入网的出现,当前接入控制模型难以满足应用需求,因此,提出了一种多维接入控制模型,可以较好地满足各种应用需求,为以后的接入控制体系的开发提供参考依据。最后通过一个实例具体讲解了多维接入控制模型的工作流程。