咸阳市雾霾天气预防与治理的城市规划思考

在解析雾霾所形成的原因与危害的基础上,从城市规划的角度,提出了咸阳市预防和治理雾霾天气的规划措施,以期改善空气质量,为居民创造一个健康的呼吸环境。     

Urban Improvement Districts as new form of local governance

A growing number of German towns established Urban Improvement Districts (UIDs) as instrument of redevelopment of urban neighbourhoods. Real-estate owners and further actors participate politically and contribute financially to the process of revaluation, but this brings about problems of local democracy, legitimation, participation and accountability. The article examines the implementation of UIDs in three German cities and compares experiences made with this new instrument of participative urban development. It focuses on the implications for local democracy and explores whether UIDs could be useful instruments of city governance and appropriate arrangements to unlock additional resources at local level.     

关于海啸引起的思考

<正>2004年12月26日是我们永远不能忘记的日子。在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛附近海域发生了近几十年来世界上罕见的里氏8.9级的强烈地震,地震引起的巨大海啸波及印度尼西亚、斯里兰卡、泰国、印度、马来西亚、孟加拉国、缅甸、马尔代夫等多个东南亚和南亚国家,造成大量人员死亡和沿海岸房屋、基础设施被毁,生命和财产损失极为严重。据有关资料统计:印度洋海啸遇难者总人数超过29.2万人,令世人震惊!至今,“海啸”发生已数月,但是,却给我们留下了许多思考:     

城市异化与城市美的思索

关于城市的否定性描述实在是不胜枚举．这些描述所反映的同一个问题也就是“城市异化”。这是每一个城市居民都不同程度上感受得到但又被许多人所忽视的问题．这又是亟待学界深入研究与城市决策．管理者需加以解决的问题。     

Interaction of global and local buckling in welded RHS compression members

This paper presents the results of a research project analysing some aspects of the stability failure of thin-walled compression members that are likely to exhibit combined global and local buckling. In particular, the influence of various imperfections, namely residual stresses due to welding and local as well as global geometrical defects, on the load-carrying capacity was subjected to detailed experimental and numerical investigations. The insights obtained into the structural behaviour led to a proposal for modification of the non-dimensional slenderness used in the global buckling verification, and to the recommendation of a shift from the currently applied European buckling curve to a more favourable one in the case of non-stiffened members with welded box sections subjected to pure compression.     

关于电热采暖的思考

文中在指出电热分户采暖前景看好的同时,着重介绍了几种电热采暖以及电热直接采暖的安全性。     

The built environment and the ecosphere: a global perspective

The human population is rapidly urbanizing, leading many observers to conclude that humans are leaving nature and the countryside behind. This is a perceptual error consistent with the technological optimism inherent in the prevailing expansionist cultural worldview. By contrast, ecological analysis reveals that modern cities are actually increasingly dependent on the goods and services of nature. This fact is merely obscured by technology and urbanization itself. Typical high-income cities appropriate the productive and assimilative capacity of a vast and increasingly global hinterland, resulting in an 'ecological footprint' several hundred times larger than the areas they physically occupy. In the next 27 years, the urban population alone is expected to grow by the equivalent of the total human population in the 1930s. This will double the 1970s urban presence on the Earth. Unfortunately, the conventional development path is biophysically unsustainable, calling for a radical transformation of our thinking about urban form and function. Buildings account for 40% of the materials and about a third of the energy consumed by the world economy. Combined with ecocity design principles, green building technologies therefore have the potential to make an enormous contribution to a required 50% reduction in the energy and material intensity of consumption globally. The needed dematerialization increases to 90% in the high-income countries. Such enormous gains in material productivity are unlikely in the absence of significant ecological fiscal (tax) reform. Ironically, then, the most effective path to green buildings and ecocities may be intensive lobbying for higher taxes on primary energy and materials. La population de la Terre est en voie d'urbanisation rapide, ce qui amene de nombreux observateurs a conclure que l'homme abandonne la nature et la campagne. Cette erreur de perception va de pair avec l'optimisme technologique inherent a la mondialisation culturelle et a l'expansionnisme qui prevalent aujourd'hui. Or, l'analyse ecologique fait apparaitre, au contraire, que les villes modernes sont en expansion dans un contexte de dependance vis-a-vis des biens et des services que procure la nature. Mais cette situation est tout simplement escamotee par la technologie et l'urbanisation. Les villes a revenus eleves s'approprient la capacite de production et d'assimilation d'une vaste zone fonctionnelle globale, en expansion, qui se traduit par une 'empreinte ecologique' dont la surface depasse de plusieurs centaines de fois la surface que ces villes occupent reellement. Dans les 27 prochaines annees, la population urbaine seule devrait voir passer ses effectifs a un nombre equivalent a la population totale du globe de 1930. Ainsi, la part que representaient les villes dans les annees 1970 va-t-elle se trouver doublee. Malheureusement, la filiere du developpement classique n'est pas durable sur le plan biophysique et appelle une transformation radicale de notre maniere de penser en termes de formes et de fonctions urbaines. Les batiments utilisent 40% des materiaux et environ un tiers de l'energie consommes par l'economie mondiale. Associees aux principes de conception de cites ecologiques, les technologies des 'batiments verts' devraient permettre d'atteindre l'objectif vise au niveau de la planete qui est de reduire de 50% la consommation d'energie et l'utilisation de materiaux. Cette dematerialisation necessaire passe a 90% dans les pays a hauts revenus. En l'absence de toute reforme significative de la fiscalite ecologique, de tels gains de productivite paraissent impossibles a atteindre. Il est ironique de penser que la voie la plus efficace vers les batiments verts et les cites ecologiques pourrait passer par le travail de groupes de pression favorables a une augmentation des impots sur les materiaux et l'energie primaire.     

关于建筑评论与批评的思考

从评论与批评的概念比较分析的角度,说明建筑评论的功能是多方面的,评论的目的不只在于评价,更在于论述和探讨,尤其要具有科学的批评意识和方法。     

综合布线的设计与思考

本文简单介绍了综合布线的设计思路。     

我们目前需要形而下之--对建筑教育的一点感想

在建筑学科的意义层面和技术层面之间,有必要建立一个形态操作的层面。应重视对学生进行建筑基本素质的教育与培养。对一些亲的提法宜慎重对待     

寻找交接点--面向可持续发展的思考

人类的发展已从单纯追求经济增长的模式走向可持续发展的模式,社会的变革将导致建筑思维的改变、新的建筑形式出现。可持续发展强调了人与自然环境共存发展的思维,对生态建筑及技术的探索已成为关心人与自然问题的建筑师的共识。     

对建筑本原的思索

结合竞赛实践,探讨建筑的本原与建筑师职业的内涵,表达年轻学人的理想与困惑。     

对经营城市的若干思考

本文对经营城市的概念和经营城市的对象作了明确的界定 ,论述市场经济条件下开展经营城市工作的必要性 ,提出经营城市要做好城市土地资产、城市基础设施和公用事业等有形资产、城市无形资产的运作 ,以及公用事业价格体制和基础设施投融资体制改革 ,指出经营城市要注重发挥规划的宏观调控作用 ,防止经营城市一哄而起、盲目进行     

桥梁景观的创作与思考

桥梁美学以桥梁本体景观为对象。桥梁景观学不仅继承了桥梁美学的内涵且延伸至环境设计。将桥梁景观置于大背景中进行关联思考的方法，拓展了桥梁景观设计视域，同时也体现了桥梁景观与城市景观、大地景观的学科链接。     

Steering local housing production: evaluating the performance of governance structures

This paper presents an analytical framework that allows us to evaluate the performance of dynamic governance structures. In housing development processes, governance structures—markets, hierarchies and network or relational structures—change as the process proceeds, and so do the goals that are set by all stakeholders, including local authorities. A framework for evaluation is set out that takes account of this temporal component. It is applied empirically to three case studies in the city of Arnhem (The Netherlands). The paper concludes that the effectiveness of steering housing production by local authorities depends on choosing appropriate governance structures, setting realistic goals, and a local authority that acts accordingly. Many of the choices with regard to goals and governance structures are not made autonomously but are structured by the spatial and institutional context in which they operate. A systematic evaluation of the performance of governance structures, within their context, could improve local government’s capacity to steer housing production.

规范建设单位行为：一个项目治理的视角

从项目治理的角度分析我国建筑市场管理制度中存在的问题,针对草拟中的《建筑市场管理条例》提出若干立法建议。研究表明,在建筑市场的诸多矛盾中,对建设项目的治理是主要矛盾;在建设项目的诸多利益主体中,建设单位是矛盾的主要方面。建设单位的行为规范问题,最终可以归结为项目法人的定位以及剩余控制权与剩余索取权的合理配置问题。对政府投资和非政府投资两种类型的建设项目采取“一手抓、一手放”的方针,这样对前一类项目有利于减少腐败行为和工程质量事故,对后一类项目有利于提高效率。     

Re-shaping the geography of opportunity: place effects in global perspective

Studies of the effects of micro-level contexts on human development and socio-economic ‘opportunity’ run the risk of excluding important factors, including the dynamism of those contexts and the effects of globalisation on local places. Comparative analyses are particularly demanding, since varied elements of an ‘opportunity structure’ may operate, some directly and others indirectly, to affect behaviour and outcomes of interest. This paper connects concerns about local place effects on human life to the larger global conversation about increased social inequality and sharper economic competition among localities, in effect, addressing sorting at macro, inter-local, and intra-local levels. The European studies presented in this volume are discussed, and a typology of interventions (actions to re-shape local place effects) is proposed for further debate.