Video surveillance system based on a scalable application-oriented architecture

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Nowadays, colossal numbers of facilities all over the world are protected from various types of threats by video surveillance cameras. Video surveillance systems...     

Effective distributed service architecture for ubiquitous video surveillance

Video surveillance systems are playing an important role to protect lives and assets of individuals, enterprises and governments. Due to the prevalence of wired and wireless access to Internet, it would be a trend to integrate present isolated video surveillance systems by applying distributed computing environment and to further gestate diversified multimedia intelligent surveillance (MIS) applications in ubiquity. In this paper, we propose a distributed and secure architecture for ubiquitous video surveillance (UVS) services over Internet and error-prone wireless networks with scalability, ubiquity and privacy. As cloud computing, users consume UVS related resources as a service and do not need to own the physical infrastructure, platform, or software. To protect the service privacy, preserve the service scalability and provide reliable UVS video streaming for end users, we apply the AES security mechanism, multicast overlay network and forward error correction (FEC), respectively. Different value-added services can be created and added to this architecture without introducing much traffic load and degrading service quality. Besides, we construct an experimental test-bed for UVS system with three kinds of services to detect fire and fall-incident features and record the captured video at the same time. Experimental results showed that the proposed distributed service architecture is effective and numbers of services on different multicast islands were successfully connected without influencing the playback quality. The average sending rate and the receiving rates of these services are quite similar, and the surveillance video is smoothly played.     

Scalable and flexible wireless distributed architecture for intelligent video surveillance systems

Multimedia Tools and Applications - This paper presents a novel distributed intelligent video surveillance architecture based on Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs). This architecture is...     

A method for module architecture verification and its application on a large component-based system

A method for module architecture verification is described, which yields support for checking on an architectural level whether the implicit module architecture of the implementation of a system is consistent with its specified module architecture, and which facilitates achieving architecture conformance by relating architectural-level violations to the code-level entities that cause them, hence making it easier to resolve them. Module architecture conformance is needed to enable implementing and maintaining the system and reasoning about it. We describe our experience having applied the proposed method to check a representative part of the module architecture of a large industrial component-based software system.     

A scalable cost-effective video broadcasting system for on-demand video services

Recent years have seen intensive investigations of Periodic Broadcast, an attractive paradigm for broadcasting popular videos. In this paradigm, the server simply broadcasts segments of a popular video periodically on a number of communication channels. A large number of clients can be served simultaneously by tuning into these channels to receive segments of the requested video. A playback can begin as soon as a client can access the first segment. Periodic Broadcast guarantees a small maximum service delay regardless of the number of concurrent clients. Existing periodic broadcast techniques are typically evaluated through analytical assessment. While these results are good performance indicators, they cannot demonstrate subtle implementation difficulty that can prohibit these techniques from practical deployment. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a video broadcasting system based on our periodic broadcast scheme called Striping Broadcast. Our experience with the system confirms that the system offers a low service delay close to its analytical guaranteed delay while requiring small storage space and low download bandwidth at a client.     

A layered architecture for flexible Web service invocation

Web service composition is emerging as an interesting approach to integrate business applications and create intra‐organizational business processes. Single Web services are combined to create a complex Web service that will realize the process business logic. Once the process is created, it is executed by an orchestration engine that invokes individual Web services in the correct order. However, Web services composing the workflow sometimes become unavailable during the run‐time phase, blocking process execution. This paper describes an architecture that allows the flexible orchestration of business processes. With this approach, Web services composing the process can be automatically substituted with other compatible Web services during process execution. A methodology is defined to evaluate Web service compatibility based on interface matching, in order to select substitutable Web services. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

移动流媒体视频监控系统的研究与设计*

设计了一套基于3GPP标准的移动流媒体视频实时监控系统,同时介绍了系统采用的服务器集群、安全防盗链等关键技术,最后给出了系统主要功能参数的评测。     

RaDaR: a scalable architecture for a global Web hosting service

As commercial interest in the Internet grows, more and more companies are offering the service of hosting and providing access to information that belongs to third-party information providers. In the future, successful hosting services may host millions of objects on thousands of servers deployed around the globe. To provide reasonable access performance to popular resources, these resources will have to be mirrored on multiple servers. In this paper, we identify some challenges due to the scale that a platform for such global services would face, and propose an architecture capable of handling this scale. The proposed architecture has no bottleneck points. A trace-driven simulation using an access trace from AT&T's hosting service shows very promising results for our approach.     

A flexible communications protocol for a distributed surveillance system

On-line surveillance for safety and security is a major requirement of public transport and other public places to address the modern demands of mobility in major urban areas and to effect improvements in quality of life and environment protection. The surveillance task is a complex one involving technology, management procedures and people. Visual surveillance based on Closed Circuit Television system is an important part of such systems, but visual processing is not sufficient and the geographical distribution of devices and management has to be taken into account. In this paper we present a surveillance architecture that reflects the distributed nature of the monitoring task and allows for distributed detection processes, not only dealing with visual processing but also with devices such as acoustic signature detection and mobile smart cards, actuators and a range of other possible sensors. The design uses ideas from control engineering and distributed communications networks resulting in a communications architecture based on CORBA and XML messaging. We have shown how to define a generic device/sensor model appropriate for the surveillance task and sufficiently flexible so as to allow for scalability, expansion and customisation of a practical surveillance task. The paper gives sufficient details on the protocols to show how intelligent detection modules can be integrated as part of this kind of system. The system components have been implemented and integrated in two major successful trials in metropolitan railway stations in London and in Paris, as part of a major EU-funded project (PRISMATICA).     

Staggered push - a linearly scalable architecture for push-based parallel video servers

With the rapid performance improvements in low-cost PCs, it becomes increasingly practical and cost-effective to implement large-scale video-on-demand (VoD) systems around parallel PC servers. This paper proposes a novel parallel video server architecture where video data are striped across an array of autonomous servers connected by an interconnection network. To coordinate data transmissions from multiple autonomous servers to a client station, a staggered push scheduling algorithm is proposed. A system model is constructed to quantify the performance of the architecture. Unlike most studies, this work does not assume the existence of a global clock among the servers and tackles two problems arising from server asynchrony: inconsistent schedule assignment and traffic overlapping. The former problem is solved by using an admission scheduler and the latter problem is solved by an over-rate transmission scheme. Analytical results prove a remarkable property of the staggered push architecture: as long as the network has sufficient capacity, the system can be scaled up linearly to an arbitrary number of servers. Design examples and numerical results are used to evaluate the proposed architecture under realistic assumptions and to compare it against other architecture.     

WuKong: a practical video streaming service based on native BitTorrent and scalable video coding

Many researches on peer-to-peer video streaming have focused on dealing with highly dynamic, high-churn P2P environment. Most of P2P streaming protocols were modified from a P2P file sharing protocol. Inspired by the high performance on peer-to-peer file sharing of BitTorrent, we propose an overlaying streaming mechanism on the native BitTorrent protocol and realize a practical P2P video streaming service, called WuKong. WuKong not only takes advantages of BitTorrent but also combines the video scalability of layered video coding. In this paper, we depict an overlaid streaming mechanism in WuKong and an adaptive layer-downloading process to balance between the video quality and bandwidth utilization on heterogeneous peers. WuKong is carried out by using an open-sourced library of the BitTorrent protocol, coding schemes of the Windows Media Video (WMV), and the Scalable Video Coding (SVC). We measured and compared the service quality of end-users served by WuKong on heterogeneous peers. In addition, we evaluated the effectiveness of WuKong with peers that are randomly joining and leaving the P2P network. The results show that WuKong not only provides high quality P2P video streaming services but also supports different scaling abilities over heterogeneous devices.     

QoS4IVSaaS: a QoS management framework for intelligent video surveillance as a service

Quality of service (QoS) is critical for real-time intelligent video surveillance as a service (IVSaaS) platform, which is both computation intensive and data intensive by nature. However, there is scarce work on a QoS framework for IVSaaS platform. In this paper, we propose QoS for intelligent video surveillance as a service, a QoS framework to make computing resources highly available. In the framework, multiple metrics such as throughput, loads of CPU/GPU, memory and IO are taken into account with different time series models to enhance the adaptivity of different video services. A model selection algorithm is proposed to choose the model that achieves the best performance under various error indicators. At the same time, a resource abnormality detection algorithm is designed to detect anomalies when a service is underperformed. Evaluation results show that the proposed QoS framework can successfully ensure QoS by dynamically scheduling computing resources.     

A security framework for cloud-based video surveillance system

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Utilizing cloud services in running large-scale video surveillance systems is not uncommon. However, special attention should be given to data security and...     

A component-based approach to build a portable and flexible middleware for metacomputing

The huge amount of computing resources in the Internet makes it possible to build metacomputers for solving large-scale problems. Despite the great availability of software infrastructures for managing such systems, metacomputer programming is often based on models that do not appear to be suitable to run applications on wide-area, unreliable, highly-variable networks of computers. In this paper, we present a customisable, Java-based middleware which provides programmers with a portable and flexible framework to run applications over a hierarchical, virtual network architecture. The middleware is designed according to a component-based approach that enables the execution behaviour of each computing node to be customised in order to satisfy application needs. The paper shows some examples of programming model customisation and demonstrates that flexibility can be achieved without significantly compromising performance.     

A novel hybrid 3D video service algorithm based on scalable video coding (SVC) technology

A scalable video coding (SVC) server can simultaneously provide a single bitstream with a fixed maximum service layer for different kinds of devices having different memory capacity, network bandwidth, and CPU performance requirements. An efficient hybrid 3D video service scheme is proposed without violation of the SVC standard technology for multiple transmission paths. A dynamic local disparity vector estimation algorithm is used to reflect the motion shift component between stereo views in the inter-layer prediction stage of the SVC encoder. To improve the coding efficiency, an adaptive search scheme based on distortion rates (DRs) between corresponding and reference macroblocks is used. Based on experimental results, up to 1.41 dB of quality improvement using JSVM 9.19 reference software is verified.     

基于Web的远程视频监控系统的设计

本文给出了一种采用B/S模式的嵌入式视频监控系统,能够实现web方式的远程监控。通过构建嵌入式流媒体服务器实现视频的处理和传输;然后搭建嵌入式Web服务器,实现基于Web方式的远程视频监控。本设计有很强的实时性,交互性较好,方便管理和控制。     

基于数字喷泉码的视频监控系统研究

传统的视频监控系统在纠错性能方面存在着诸多不足,当信道丢包率较大时进行可靠的视频传输显得较为困难。为此,结合RTP传输的优势,设计了一种使用数字喷泉码进行丢包恢复的视频监控系统。首先研究实用的数字喷泉码——LT码,比较了不同度分布算法下LT码的译码性能。根据视频传输系统的应用需求,选择鲁棒孤子度分布算法,研究短码长条件下影响LT码译码性能的主要因素。     

A fast and scalable approach for IoT service selection based on a physical service model

Information Systems (ISs) have become one of the crucial tools for various organizations in managing and coordinating business processes. Now we are entering the era of the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT is a paradigm in which real-world physical things can be connected to the Internet and provide services through the computing devices attached. The IoT infrastructure is starting to be integrated with ISs thereby diminishing the boundaries between the physical world and the business IT systems. With the development of IoT technologies, the number of connected things and their available physical services are increasing rapidly. Thus, selecting an appropriate service that satisfies a user’s requirements from such services becomes a time-consuming challenge. To address this issue, we propose a Physical Service Model (PSM) as a common conceptual model to describe heterogeneous IoT physical services. PSM contains three core concepts (device, resource, and service) and specifies their relationships. Based on the proposed PSM, we define three types of Quality of Service (QoS) attributes and rate candidate services according to user requirements. To dynamically rate QoS values and select an appropriate physical service, we propose a Physical Service Selection (PSS) method that takes a user preference and an absolute dominance relationship among physical services into account. Finally, experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.     

Risk assessment for a video surveillance system based on Fuzzy Cognitive Maps

For various IT systems security is considered a key quality factor. In particular, it might be crucial for video surveillance systems, as their goal is to provide continuous protection of critical infrastructure and other facilities. Risk assessment is an important activity in security management; it aims at identifying assets, threats and vulnerabilities, analysis of implemented countermeasures and their effectiveness in mitigating risks. This paper discusses an application of a new risk assessment method, in which risk calculation is based on Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) to a complex automated video surveillance system. FCMs are used to capture dependencies between assets and FCM based reasoning is applied to aggregate risks assigned to lower-level assets (e.g. cameras, hardware, software modules, communications, people) to such high level assets as services, maintained data and processes. Lessons learned indicate, that the proposed method is an efficient and low-cost approach, giving instantaneous feedback and enabling reasoning on effectiveness of security system.