多进制LDPC码在分布式视频编码中的应用

分布式视频编码是一种新的视频编码框架,主要用来处理具有相关性的多视频源。这种编码算法大大降低了编码端的复杂度,从而在终端受限的无线视频通信中具有很大的实用价值。介绍了分布式信源编码的原理,接着介绍了这种编码方式在视频编码上的应用,并对基于LDPC码的分布式视频编码作了分析。分别就二进制和多进制LDPC进行了讨论,由于多进制的编码方式避免了视频数据源转为二进制过程中带来的相关性丢失,因此性能上有了很大的提高。为了比较,分别基于四进制和八进制编码做出仿真,结果显示,多进制码字性能优于二进制,在分布式视频编码中有更好的应用。     

基于ROI运动区域的分布式视频编码方法

传统的分布式视频编码方法中,视频帧的解码通常采用内插或外推的方法,然而对于运动剧烈视频帧的解码效果却并不理想,会产生重影、鬼脸等现象.因此,提出了一种基于ROI运动区域的分布式视频编码解决方案,通过在编码端提取ROI辅助信息,然后在解码端将其与边信息做融合处理来得到更加准确的边信息,从而提高视频解码的质量.实验结果表明,与传统的分布式视频编码方法相比,基于ROI运动区域的分布式视频编码解决方案在性能上平均有3.1db的提高.     

Distributed video coding with adaptive two-step side information generation for smart and interactive media

Conventional video coding standards, such as MPEGx and H.26x, use a hybrid architecture of block-based motion compensation and discrete cosine transform (DCT) within the structure of a complex encoder and a simple decoder. Contrary to conventional video codecs, Wyner-Ziv (WZ) video coding, which is a practical application of distributed video coding (DVC) based on the Slepian-Wolf and WZ theorems, exploits the source correlation at the decoder, thereby allowing for the development of simpler encoders. However, the current WZ video coding algorithms cannot match the coding performance of conventional video coding. In order to improve the coding performance of transform-domain WZ video coding, an adaptive two-step side-information generation method is thus proposed for evaluation and analysis in this study. The proposed method uses decoded WZ frames in the down-sampled spatial resolution along with already decoded coefficients to successively improve rate-distortion (RD) performance as the decoding progresses. The experimental results show that the proposed method, compared to previous WZ video coding method, shows improved coding performance, particularly under critical conditions, such as cases with high motion content.     

Distributed video coding based on part intracoding and soft side information estimation

Recently, distributed source coding (DSC) has been proposed to implement source compression by exploiting source statistics at the decoder only, which enables low-complexity video coding. However, to date, the video codecs based on DSC have been unable to compress as efficiently as traditional predictive video codecs, such as H.264. So, new techniques have to be investigated to improve the performance of the distributed video coding scheme for practical applications. In this paper, I propose a novel distributed video coding scheme based on part intracoding and soft side information estimation. Firstly, at the encoder side, to improve the compression performance of distributed video coding system, we divide the video data into strongly correlative data encoded by Slepian–Wolf codec and weakly correlative data encoded by Intracoding codec. Secondly, at the decoder side, to improve the accuracy of side information estimation, a soft side information estimation method is proposed, which is more suitable for video coding due to the non-stationary feature of video data. Our experimental results show that the performance of our coding system is better than that of the traditional distributed video coding system while keeping the simple encoding property. Also the concept of soft side information is a new idea in distributed video coding and will significantly influence the side information estimation method.

Wavelet-based video coding with early-predicted zerotrees

The coding efficiency of DCT-based standard video codecs is significantly improved by the use of skipped macroblocks. A similar concept is proposed for zerotree-based wavelet video coders. In a pyramidal wavelet transform, the wavelet coefficients are linked through spatial orientation trees. For each transformed frame, a method is proposed to identify those trees that are likely to be zerotrees throughout the coding process at a given bit budget. These trees are called the early-predicted zerotrees. These trees are then excluded from the subsequent quantisation and encoding processes. The tree classification is based on average energy of coefficients in the tree. The proposed technique is general and can be applied to any zerotree-based coding algorithm, but it is more advantageous to improve the performance of those zerotree-based video coding algorithms that use longer trees, such as virtual set partitioning in hierarchical trees (V-SPIHT). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique can improve the performance of V-SPIHT-based video coder by up to 0.5 dB (on average) and can reduce the computational complexity by up to 80% (i.e. five times faster), for various test video sequences     

Joint precoding selection diversity with limited feedback

Coordinated multiple-point transmission (CoMP) is one of important techniques for the reduction of inter-cluster interference. Three major schemes have been presented for CoMP-joint processing transmission (CoMP-JPT) under limited-feedback environments: global, local, and single-frequency network precoding methods. However, most previous studies have demonstrated effectiveness only in specific environments without presenting numerical analyses. In this paper, we verify the characteristics of each precoding scheme based on zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) with semi-orthogonal user selection (SUS) by exploiting numerical analysis. In addition, we propose a selection algorithm that achieves the diversity of the precoding schemes based on limited feedback according to the downlink channel status of cellular systems. In addition, for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long Term Evolution-Advanced (3GPP LTE-Advanced), a network protocol that is required to adapt the CoMP-JPT scheme is implemented. Through simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed system can effectively improve the quality of service for cell-edge users while guaranteeing fairness compared to the conventional precoding schemes.     

抑制漂移误差的多描述视频编码*

针对多描述编码的漂移问题,提出一种基于H.264的多描述编码方案。该方案先对原始图像空间域采样形成两个子图像,然后通过相关联的两路H.264编码器,生成包含相同运动信息的描述,并在解码端采用自适应三次线性插值法恢复补偿信息,达到抑制漂移误差的目的。实验结果表明,该方案能有效提高编码效率,同时获得较好的视频传输质量。     

Object-based video coding with dynamic quality control

This paper presents a novel MPEG-4 priority-based multiple video objects coding system integrating User Visual Attention Model (UVAM) and Dynamic Bit Allocation (DBA) rate control mechanism. In the proposed system, the importance of individual objects is defined automatically and the coding parameters are adaptively adjusted so that the perceptual quality of important objects is maximized. The first contribution of the paper is an object-based UVAM utilizing a two-level structure and a blob extraction algorithm. Following that, two DBA algorithms are designed for object-based coding quality control in which weighted bits are allocated to prioritized single or group of video objects. Experimental results confirm that the defined automatic object-based priority is consistent with the observation of human visual system and the coding quality is maximized for the most important object and group of objects. In addition, the proposed system provides object-based coding flexibility and improved efficiency of utilizing coding resources. It offers key techniques to ensure the quality of services for real-time content-based video coding and streaming systems.     

基于可伸缩视频编码的率失真优化编码算法*

可伸缩视频编码（SVC）可实现视频流空间、时间和信噪比的完全伸缩,但在差错信道上传输容易引起误差扩散,为此提出一种基于SVC的率失真优化编码算法。该算法在分析了差错信道下传输可伸缩视频流误差扩散失真的基础上,在率失真优化模型中引入时间和信噪比分级的误差分级参数,并根据信道状态自适应地确定宏块编码模式。该算法能够有效地抑制误码在各分层的扩散,提高了可伸缩视频流的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,算法与以往的算法相比具有更好的抗误码性能,适合视频数据在差错信道上的传输。     

Stabilization of nonlinear systems with limited information feedback

This note is concerned with the problem of stabilizing a nonlinear continuous-time system by using sampled encoded measurements of the state. We demonstrate that global asymptotic stabilization is possible if a suitable relationship holds between the number of values taken by the encoder, the sampling period, and a system parameter, provided that a feedback law achieving input-to-state stability with respect to measurement errors can be found. The issue of relaxing the latter condition is also discussed.     

Transform-domain distributed video coding with rate-distortion-based adaptive quantisation

This study presents a transform-domain distributed video coding (DVC) system with a rate-distortion (R-D)-based Adaptive QuanTisation (AQT) scheme. In the proposed system, the transform-domain Wyner-Ziv frame is divided into partitions and is adaptively quantised based on estimated local R-D characteristics for each partition. The R-D estimation is performed based on a correlation model between the original source information and the side information and can be applied at the decoder without adding complexity to the encoder. Coding results and comparisons with existing DVC schemes and with H.264/AVC interframe and intraframe coding are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed system.     

利用多级线性预测改善有限反馈系统反馈量

以先进的长期演进技术(LTE-Advanced)为背景,针对多输入多输出（MIMO）系统中基于码本的有限反馈技术进行了研究,提出了一种基于多级线性预测的有限反馈新方法。利用信道的时间相关性,对信道值进行多级线性预测,以预测误差为基础,通过最小化均方误差来设计量化码本,将码本中对应的码字序号用于系统反馈。仿真结果表明：采用多级线性预测能有效地降低系统预测误差,等效地,减小了系统的反馈开销,最大降低幅度能达到15%。     

Residue-free video coding with pixelwise adaptive spatio-temporal prediction

The authors introduce residue-free video coding, in which motion-compensated predictions from surrounding frames and spatial predictions from the current frame are combined adaptively on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The consequence is that residue frames, blocks or regions are never explicitly formed. The authors describe a practical embodiment of a residue-free coder- temporal prediction trees - in which the local adaptation is conditioned frame to frame by a control parameter derived from global motion statistics. Using fixed-block-size motion compensation, the resulting coder is competitive with conventional residue-based compression, and at higher data rates is able to outperform H.264/AVC for high-activity sequences.     

Transform domain distributed video coding with spatial correlations

Distributed Video Coding is a new coding technique which has been evolving very fast recently. However the rate distortion performances of current solutions are below the expectations especially for high motion sequences even at a group of picture (GOP) size of 2. Main reason of this problem is the temporal prediction of the Wyner-Ziv (WZ) frames at the decoder. In this paper we propose a novel transform domain DVC codec architecture which splits each frame into two sub-frames and they are encoded separately as key sub-frame and WZ sub-frame. Pixel interpolation or median prediction techniques are utilized to generate the side information at the decoder. Simulation results show that a significant rate distortion improvement can be obtained with the proposed algorithm over the current DVC solutions.     

分布式视频编码关键技术及研究进展

系统地阐述了分布式视频编码(distributed video coding,DVC)技术框架的基本原理和近五年的发展历程;列举了国内外多个研究小组的基本思想研究现状;分析了分布式视频编码技术的发展趋势;揭示了技术的关键和研究热点;展望了该技术在信息安全、可伸缩编码、多描述编码以及光场编码中的应用前景.     

Isolated regions in video coding

Different types of prediction are applied in modern video coding. While predictive coding improves compression efficiency, the propagation of transmission errors becomes more likely. In addition, predictive coding brings difficulties to other aspects of video coding, including random access, parallel processing, and scalability. In order to combat the negative effects, video coding schemes introduce mechanisms such as slices and intracoding, to limit and break the prediction. This paper proposes the use of the isolated regions coding tool that jointly limits in-picture prediction and interprediction on a region-of-interest basis. The tool can be used to provide random access points from non-intrapictures and to respond to intrapicture update requests. Furthermore, it can be applied as an error-robust macroblock mode decision method and can be used in combination with unequal error protection. Finally, it enables mixing of scenes, which is useful in coding of masked scene transitions.     

完全可伸缩视频编码的实现

提出了一种完全可伸缩视频编码的实现方法。给出了一种采用运动补偿时域滤波、二维离散小波变换和EZW编码的可伸缩编码方案,方案根据视频图像运动特征自适应选择图组结构,在将时间、空间、质量三方面的伸缩性有机地结合的同时,改进了完全可伸缩视频编码系统性能。最后给出了该方案的实验结果,表明了系统的有效性。     

分布式视频编码技术研究进展

介绍了分布式视频编码与传统视频编码方法思路的不同及各自适用的应用场景,阐述了分布式视频编码的理论基础和目前普遍采用的编解码框架,分析了分布式视频编码中的Wyner-Ziv编解码器设计、辅助边信息生成、虚拟相关信道建模等几项关键技术存在的问题及各自解决方案的最新研究进展,最后总结了分布式视频编码的发展与研究方向,并介绍了分布式编码在视频领域的其它应用.     

水下视频图像高效编码算法

提出了一种水下视频图像高效压缩编码的算法。该算法主要由水下图像预处理、全局运动估计、全局运动与局部运动混合补偿三部分组成。图像预处理模块采用基于小波变换的方法,可以有效去除水下图像中的视觉冗余;全局运动估计采用基于特征点的快速、鲁棒估计算法;提出的全局运动与局部运动混合补偿方案简单易行。实验结果表明,提出的水下视频压缩算法在保证视觉质量的前提下,具有较高的压缩效率,特别适合于海底视频图像在甚低比特率下的压缩传输,以满足有限带宽水声信道的要求。