Left to Right, Upside Down.

Comments on the D. O. Hebb article (see record 1964-01548-001), which considers theories concerned with the analysis of the complexity of the "central process" in thought and perception. The present author notes that reading of type by the printer who sets type by hand is quite different from the way Hebb describes. The printer always reads print from left to right, with the characters (letters) upside down. At the beginning of his apprenticeship, he is specifically instructed that he must never under any circumstances allow himself to read in the right-to-left, right-side-up manner that Hebb describes him as reading it. The author also argues that Hebb's error with regard to the question of how printers perceive type is not unrelated to his Jungian-like concept that the self-image is of only two parts, rather than of three parts as in the Freudian tradition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interpretation of Heritability: A Rejoinder.

Replies to comments by A. R. Jensen (see record 1990-57013-001) on comments by the original author (see record 1990-56938-001) to a discussion about role of heredity and environment in behavior development by D. O. Hebb (1970; 1971) and A. R. Jensen (1971). The author clarifies 3 specific points. First, that it was not the statistical procedures but the empirical data to which they were applied that led the author to question Jensen's original conclusions. Second, that the probabilistic argument, to which Jensen's present comment addresses itself in large part, is of primary interest when no other information is available regarding the origins of particular differences between individuals or group. Finally, that the sort of environmental interventions generally considered in relation to minority group status do not represent simply a reshuffling of environmental variations already existing within such groups (or within other groups). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Religion, Spirituality, and Health.

Comments on the article by W. R. Miller and C. E. Thoresen (see record 2003-02034-003) on spirituality, religion, and health. The authors failed to mention how very far back into history the connections between religiousness, spirituality, and health go. On gender differences in religiousness and spirituality, Miller and Thoresen reported that more people see spirituality and religiousness as overlapping but not the same. However, several other studies have found that this relationship is more complex. Rayburn also comments on the article by P. C. Hill and K. I. Pargament (see record 2003-02034-006) on advances in the conceptualization and measurement of religion and spirituality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Developmental Dynamics and Contemporary Evolutionary Psychology: Status Quo or Irreconcilable Views? Reply to Bjorklund (2003), Krebs (2003), Buss and Reeve (2003), Crawford (2003), and Tooby et al. (2003).

The authors address commentaries by D. F. Bjorklund (2003; see record 200309105-002); D. M. Buss and H. K. Reeve (2003; see record 200309105-004); C. B. Crawford (2003; see record 200309105-005); D. L. Krebs (2003; see record 2003-09105-003); and J. Tooby, L. Cosmides, and H. C. Barrett (2003; see record 2003-09105-006) on their analysis of the underlying assumptions of contemporary evolutionary psychology (R. Lickliter & H. Honeycutt, 2003; see record 200309105-001). The authors argue that evolutionary psychology currently offers no coherent framework for how to integrate genetic, environmental, and experiential factors into a theory of behavioral or cognitive phenotypes. The authors propose that this absence is due to a lack of developmental analysis in the major works of evolutionary psychology, resulting in an almost exclusive focus on adaptationist accounts of evolution by natural selection rather than a more broad-based focus on the process and products of evolution by epigenetic developmental dynamics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

E pluribus unum.

Replies to comments on the original article by R. J. Sternberg and E. L. Grigorenko (see record 2001-10045-001), which described an approach to psychology ("unified psychology") which is a multiparadigmatic, multidisciplinary, and integrated study of psychological phenomena through converging operations. Sternberg and Grigorenko reply to comments by H. H. Kendler (see record 2003-03406-005), M. Y. Lau (see record 2003-03406-006), J. I. Kassinove (see record 2003-03406-007), W. Chovan (see record 2003-03406-008) and R. Chao (see record 2003-03406-009). Sternberg and Grigorenko note that the aforementioned authors disagree at least as much among themselves as they do with Sternberg and Grigorenko's proposals. Sternberg and Grigorenko provide brief replies to each published comment here. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evidence-based interventions in school psychology: Thoughts on thoughtful commentary.

Responds to comments by S. L. Cristenson, C. Carlson, and C. R. Valdez (see record 2003-01789-008); J. A. Durlak (see record 2003-01789-009); J. R. Levin (see record 2003-01789-010); J. R. Nelson and M. H. Epstein (see record 2003-01789-011); B. E. Wampold (see record 2003-01789-012); and G. E. Waas (see record 2003-01789-013) on the mini-series on evidence-based interventions (EBIs) in school psychology (T. R. Kratochwill and K. C. Stoiber [see record 2003-01789-005]; G. Lewis-Snyder, K. C. Stoiber, and T. R. Kratochwill [see record 2003-01789-007]; and E. S. Shernoff, T. R. Kratochwill, and K. C. Stoiber [see record 2003-01789-006]) . A conceptual framework for future operation of the Task Force on Evidence-Based Interventions in School Psychology (hereafter called the Task Force) is presented within the context of identification, review, coding, analyzing and synthesizing, and disseminating research related to EBIs. Reactions to the mini-series are discussed within the context of this framework. Some general comments on future directions of the Task Force are presented along with challenges and merits of EBIs for the practice of school psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reflections on contributions.

States that the Principles for Education and Training for Organizational Consulting Psychology establish the framework to significantly advance the overall quality of professional preparation in the field. This synopsis provides reflections on the conceptual articles and reaction pieces contained in this special issue of Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research: D. R. Fuqua and J. L. Newman (see record 2003-04049-004), W. B. Johnson (see record 2003-04049-005), S. L. Shullman (see record 2003-04049-006), J. A. Cummings (see record 2003-04049-007), and W. J. Campbell (see record 2003-04049-008). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to Barbara Fajardo (2003).

Barbara Fajardo's negative response (see record 2003-02056-012) to the author's review (see record 2002-08457-006) of Arnold Goldberg's book Being of Two Minds (see record 1999-02973-000) includes the accusation that he has misread the book. Her proof for this apparently is based on her view of Goldberg's ideas derived from a participation in the group that produced this volume. In his response, the author maintains that his independent and critical reading cannot be dismissed as a misreading; rather, it is a reading that reveals fundamental differences in his approach to clinical work with the types of patients described in this text. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The reception of my Freud-critique in the psychoanalytic literature.

Responds to comments made over the years by Peter Caws (see record 2003-09630-003), Zvi Lothane (see record 2006-05420-005), Charles Hanly (1988), W. W. Meissner (see record 1991-03025-001), Paul Robinson (1993), Michael Scriven (1959), and Jon Mills, in response to the present author's crique of Freud. Some of the very extensive body of commentary on my psychoanalytic writings has been gratifyingly favorable, while other responses have been more or less adverse, and even denunciatory. Therefore, in this survey of "The Reception of My Freud-Critique in the Psychoanalytic Literature," I include my critical reactions to selected objections to my views, as well as noteworthy commendations of them. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Response to Milden's commentary.

Responds to Milden's comments (see record 2007-10564-001). In her response to my review (see record 2003-05429-013) of Lerner's The Dance of Anger: A Woman's Guide to Changing the Patterns of Intimate Relationships (see record 2006-00700-000), Dr. Milden assumes that I believe that there is no legitimate place for popular presentation of psychological knowledge and that feminist psychoanalytic writings do not represent a serious or thoughtful body of work. Quite the contrary. Although I did not expect The Dance of Anger to be a heavyweight, theoretical treatise, I did expect from someone of Lerner's stature at least a serious-popular book. What she has given us is "kitsch." This remains paradoxical, for as Milden points out, Lerner has written serious and scholarly works on the subject. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Realistic and Unrealistic Self-Change Efforts.

Responds to comments by M. Lowe (see record 2003-08988-018), C. R. Snyder and K. L. Rand (see record 2003-08988-019) and A. M. Fletcher (see record 2003-08988-020) on the article by J. Polivy and C. Herman (see record 2002-15790-001) regarding false hopes of self-change. In this response, the authors address the aforementioned criticisms and questions raised. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Assumptions and Consequences of Treating Providers in Therapy Studies as Fixed Versus Random Effects: Reply to Crits-Christoph, Tu, and Gallop (2003) and Serlin, Wampold, and Levin (2003).

In their comments on the authors' article (see record 2003-10163-009), R. C. Serlin, B. E. Wampold, and J. R. Levin (see record 2003-10163-011) and P. Crits-Christoph, X. Tu, and R. Gallop (see record 2003-10163-010) took issue with the authors' suggestion to evaluate therapy studies with nested providers with a fixed model approach. In this rejoinder, the authors' comment on Serlin et al's critique by showing that their arguments do not apply, are based on misconceptions about the purpose and nature of statistical inference, or are based on flawed reasoning. The authors also comment on Crits-Christoph et al's critique by showing that the proposed approach is very similar to, but less inclusive than, their own suggestion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to commentaries: Confusion infusions, suggestives, correctives, and other medicines.

Responds to comments by U. Hess (see record 2003-02341-011), P. C. Ellsworth (see record 2003-02341-012) and D. Keltner and M. N. Shiota (see record 2003-02341-013) on the present authors' original article, which studied symmetric and asymmetric facial expressions of emotion and found a high frequency of asymmetric expressions corresponding to confusion, concentration, and worry. The authors suggest that it is natural and appropriate for fields to focus on particular phenomena and approaches. For affect, the focus has been on the subset of phenomena called emotion, with emphasis on facial expression, physiological responses, and appraisal. However, the authors note that there is a cost to the focus. The focus on facial expression has caused researchers to ignore those signals, such as those including touch, which involve an interaction among conspecifics. The focus on "internal" accounts of emotion has resulted in relative inattention to the critical adaptive-communication function of displays. P. Rozin and A. B. Cohen (2003) believe that the frequency of confusion and concentration expressions indicates that it is important to inform conspecifics of one's receptiveness to new information or further interactions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Moral Dimensions of Globalization.

Responds to the comments by L. T. Hoshmand (see record 2003-08988-012) and J. Aros (see record 2003-08988-013) on the article by J. Arnett (see record 2002-18352-003) regarding the psychology of globalization. In this response, Arnett discusses the moral implications of globalization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Textbook of psychology (fourth edition).

Reviews the book, Textbook of psychology (fourth edition) by Donald O. Hebb and Don Donderi (see record 1987-97530-000). Before his death in August 1985, Hebb presided over a new revision of his classic introductory psychology text. The third edition of Hebb's book was published by W. B. Saunders in 1972, and more than one attempt had since been made to get a fourth edition published. With the help of D. C. Donderi, this new edition is now in print. This edition is largely an expansion and updating of the 1972 edition. The same topics are treated in the same order as before, but with frequent editing and with more recent material now included. For readers unfamiliar with Hebb's textbooks, they define psychology as the study of behaviour, and behaviour is seen as the product of brain activity. Brain activity in turn is understood by reference to Hebb's concept of the cell assembly. This Hebb and Donderi text is one of the few introductory psychology textbooks that employs a personal perspective on Psychology, and unifies the teaching of that topic by continued reference to one major theoretical concept. There is nowhere in their text any discussion of existing data or theory which might be thought to be incompatible with cell assembly theory. Nor is there any discussion of possible limits to the generalization or the operationalization of the cell assembly idea. Their text does tell students that theories do not last, and that enduring truths are not to be expected in science. Yet students are left with the strong impression that it is very unlikely the basic premises of cell assembly thinking will ever in the future be changed more than slightly. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychologists' contributions to the genetic revolution.

Responds to the comments of H. Goldsmith et al (see record 2003-05602-013) and S. Kéri (see record 2003-05602-014) regarding the article by A. Patenaude et al (see record 2002-12457-022) that discusses the role of psychologists in genetics and genetic testing. Patenaude reviews the comments made and states that both comments enlarge the discussion of the important roles psychologists will continue to play as genetics advances the knowledge of the etiology and treatment of disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On False Premises and the Hypnotic Enhancement Effect: Reply to Schnall (2004).

Replies to the comments by E. Schnall (see record 2004-13299-016) on the current author's original article (see record 2003-05896-014), which examined whether adding hypnosis enhances cognitive-behavioral pain treatments. Here, the author addresses Schnall's critique point-by-point, and concludes that--Schnall aside--a a voluminous body of research has clearly established that both hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral treatments are useful for reducing pain, and all evidence from a small but growing literature currently suggests that there is no benefit in adding one procedure to the other. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

We Said, She Said: A Response to Loftus (2003).

Responds to the comments by E. F. Loftus (see record 2003-07215-003) on the target articles by A. D. Yarmey (see record 2003-07215-001) and S. Porter et al (see record 2003-07215-002) which both examined the influence of memory (false memory and repressed memory) on adjudication. In Loftus' commentary on the Porter et al article, Loftus agreed with many of their conclusions concerning allegations in "he said, she said" legal cases. However, Loftus focused some criticism on their coverage of recovered memory evidence. It appears that the main difference in their perspectives was not related to the science of memory but rather was one of scientific education versus advocacy in the legal system. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Spirituality, Health, and the Discipline of Psychology.

Replies to comments by D. J. McCormick (see record 2004-10043-013), L. J. Richmond (see record 2004-10043-014), C. A. Rayburn (see record 2004-10043-015), and F. J. Kier and D. S. Davenport (see record 2004-10043-016) on the special section on spirituality, religion, and health in the January 2003 issue of American Psychologist (2003, Vol 58, 24-74). Each of the comments is addressed in turn. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)