Cavitation Behavior during Superplastic Deformation of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

Superplasticity of AZ31 Mg alloy at the temperature range of 250～450℃ and stain rate range of 0.7x10-3～ 1.4x 10-1 s-1 was examined through uniaxial tensile test. Optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to investigate the morphology of cavities and surface relief near fracture surface, respectively.It is shown that AZ31 Mg alloy starts to exhibit superplasticity from 300℃. The maximum elongation of 362.5%was obtained at 400℃ and strain rate of 0.7×10-3 s-1. There exist many O-shaped cavities and filaments at the boundaries near fracture surface. The fracture of filaments results in intergranular cavity and the model for the formation of intergranular cavities is proposed. The growth of cavities is plasticity-controlled and the serrated boundaries of intergranular cavities agree with the results of surface relieves.     

基于数值模拟的 AZ61 镁合金挤压-剪切工艺

目的研究挤压-剪切变形的最优化工艺参数,分析各个工艺参数对AZ61镁合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。方法通过有限元模拟技术,分析了各个工艺参数,包括挤压温度、挤压速度、挤压比对AZ61镁合金成形结果的影响。结果通过对有限元模拟结果的分析和研究,得到AZ61镁合金成形的最佳工艺参数为:挤压温度为400℃;挤压速度为10 mm/s;挤压比越大,再结晶效果越明显,晶粒尺寸越细小。结论优化了挤压温度、挤压速度、挤压比等影响AZ61镁合金成形的因子,得到了符合实际生产的最佳工艺参数。     

AZ61镁合金的动态力学性能与显微分析

利用SHPB(分离式霍布金森压杆)技术对AZ61镁合金进行了动态压缩实验,并利用金相和扫描电镜对冲击后的试样进行了显微分析.讨论了该合金在常温下的动态断裂和塑性变形机制.结果表明:AZ61镁合会的动态压缩应力-应变曲线表现出较强的应变硬化特性,其屈服强度随应变速率增大而升高,断口呈现大量解理台阶和少量韧窝并存的混合形貌,塑性变形方式为滑移和孪生共存.     

冷却过程对AZ61镁合金凝固组织的影响

将AZ61镁合金液态凝固过程分为高温熔体和凝固两个阶段,研究各阶段冷却速率对铸态组织的影响,不同冷速下铸态合金枝晶间距的变化及其对显微硬度的影响。结果表明:在高温熔体阶段随着冷却速率从0.65℃/s增加到15.9℃/s,枝晶组织不断细化且尺寸更均匀,一次枝晶间距从230μm逐渐减小到80μm,二次枝晶间距从12.8μm逐渐减小到9.2μm;凝固阶段在7.8℃/s至23.0℃/s不同冷却速率下,一次枝晶间距从105μm逐渐减小到73μm,二次枝晶间距从10.6μm逐渐减小到8.8μm。两个阶段显微硬度值随冷却速率增大都呈增高趋势。相对于凝固阶段,高温熔体阶段的冷却速率变化对铸态凝固组织的影响更显著。     

AZ31镁合金轧制工艺的研究

对AZ31镁合金在400℃条件下的轧制工艺进行了研究,在不同压下量、不同道次条件下分别进行了轧制实验,并对轧制后AZ31板材的组织和力学性能进行了研究。实验结果表明:在400℃条件下,以小变形量轧制,每道次压下量为1mm时,较好的加工工艺条件为轧制到第8道次,累积变形量50%;每道次轧制压下量为2mm时,较好的加工工艺条件为轧制到第2道次,累积变形量为25%;AZ31镁合金在大变形量下轧制易产生裂纹,裂纹的产生可能是由于随着累积变形量增加,内应力激增,在难变形的硬取向晶粒区或第二相处产生应力集中,萌生裂纹。裂纹尖端扩展经过的区域变形量较大,因而裂纹两侧存在再结晶细晶区域。     

Strain Softening and Hardening Behavior in AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

The deformation behavior of AZ61 Mg alloy during hot deformation has been investigated in wide temperature and strain rate range by a Gleeble simulator. Specimens are deformed in compression in the temperature range of 523～673 K and at strain rates of 0.001～1 s-1. It is found that the flow curves exhibit a peak and then decrease towards steady-state of classical DRX, which decrease with rising temperature and decreasing strain rate. The deformation behavior of the specimens can be attributed to the occurrence of strain hardening and softening. As stress decreases, the strain hardening rate declines at a fast rate when temperature rises or strain rate decreases. The shapes of θ-σ curves indicate some important features such as subgrain formation, the critical stress, the peak stress and steady stress. The onset of DRX can be determined by the point of inflection on θ-σ or Inθ-σ curves.     

Compressive Deformation of Semi-Solid AZ91D Magnesium Alloy

The compression tests of semi-solid AZ91D Mg alloy have been conducted on a parallel-plate viscometer. The results are as follows. With increasing the compression temperature, the deformation rate or the strain rate of the specimens rises, but the compressive stress continuously decreases; the deformation strain is obviously linear with the compressive stress and independent on compression temperature under a given compression load. In the wake of the compression load being added, the compressive strain increases but the compressive stress decreases clearly; the deformation strain is obviously linear with the compressive stress under different compression load. The mathematical apparent viscosity model about the semi-solid compressed AZ91D Mg alloy has been established, i.e. ηapp=2004.2exp(15.61fs)γ1.317fs-1.3511.     

Thermomechanical Processing and Superplasticity of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

The effect of extrusion on grain refinement has been studied in the AZ91 cast ingots. It is found that grain sizesmaller than 10μm can be obtained by the extrusion processing. Vickers hardness measurements were also carriedout to evaluate the effect of these processes on the room temperature mechanical properties. The experimentalresults of high temperature tensile tests revealed that the stress was inversely proportional to the square of the grainsize and that the activation energy for superplastic flow was higher than that for grain boundary diffusion.     

Hot Cracking in AZ31 and AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

This paper examined the impact of the number of thermal cycles and augmented strain on hot cracking in AZ31 and AZ61 magnesium alloy. Statistical analyses were performed. Following observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) was used for component analysis. Results showed that Al content in magnesium alloy has an effect on hot cracking susceptibility. In addition, the nonequilibrium solidification process produced segregation in Al content, causing higher liquid Mg-alloy rich Al content at grain boundaries, and resulting into liquefied grain boundaries of partially melted zone (PMZ). In summary, under multiple thermal cycles AZ61 produced serious liquation cracking. AZ61 has higher (6 wt%) Al content and produced much liquefied Mg17Al12 at grain boundaries under multiple thermal cycles. The liquefied Mg17Al12 were pulled apart and hot cracks formed at weld metal HAZ due to the augmented strain. Since AZ31 had half the Al content of AZ61, its hot-cracking susceptibility was lower than AZ61. In addition, AZ61 showed longer total crack length (TCL) in one thermal cycle compared to that in three thermal cycles. This phenomenon was possibly due to high-temperature gasification of Al during the welding process, which resulted in lower overall Al content. Consequently, shorter hot cracks exhibited in three thermal cycles. It was found the Al content of AZ31 and AZ61 can be used to assess the hot-cracking susceptibility.     

AZ31与AZ61异种镁合金的TIG焊研究

采用TIG焊对AZ31与AZ61镁合金薄板进行连接,分别采用了AZ31和AZ61焊丝,比较焊接效果的影响.通过显微镜、扫描电镜、X-ray物相检测等实验方法,分析了两种焊丝焊接接头的外观形貌、显微组织、焊缝析出相及力学性能等差异.研究结果表明:采用AZ31和AZ61两种焊丝都能完成AZ31与AZ61镁合金薄板的对焊,获...     

AZ31 镁合金压痕-压平复合形变数值模拟

目的研究AZ31镁合金压痕-压平复合形变过程中工艺参数对形变区温度场、应力场、应变场、塑性变形力的影响规律。方法采用有限元模拟软件,对复合形变过程进行数值模拟研究,获得不同工艺参数条件下,温度场、应力场、应变场、塑性变形力的变化规律。结果在压痕形变过程中,随着形变温度的增大,形变区温度场的最高温度随之增大,最大塑性变形力的随之减小。在压痕形变过程中,随着模具温度的增大,形变区温度场的最高温度随之增大,最大塑性变形力随之减小。结论实验结果与数值模拟结果相吻合,说明数值模拟过程中的几何模型及相关参数设定是合理的。     

AZ31 镁合金轧制-剪切-弯曲变形工艺数值模拟研究

目的研究温度和道次压下量的变化对AZ31镁合金轧制-剪切-弯曲变形工艺的影响规律。方法对AZ31镁合金轧制-剪切-弯曲变形过程进行数值模拟,探究变形过程中应力、应变分布规律。结果压下量越大,模具转角处累积的等效应变值越大;随着温度的升高,模具转角处等效应力逐渐减小,等效应变逐渐增大。结论试样在模具转角处发生了剧烈的塑性变形,研究结果为板材的制备提供了依据。     

Superplasticity and grain boundary sliding in rolled AZ91 magnesium alloy at high strain rates

The superplastic deformation characteristics and microstructure evolution of the rolled AZ91 magnesium alloys at temperatures ranging from 623 to 698 K (0.67–0.76 T_m) and at the high strain rates ranging from 10⁻³ to 1 s⁻¹ were investigated with the methods of OM, SEM and TEM. An excellent superplasticity with the maximum elongation to failure of 455% was obtained at 623 K and the strain rate of 10⁻³ s⁻¹ in the rolled AZ91 magnesium alloys and its strain rate sensitivity m is high, up to 0.64. The dominant deformation mechanism in high strain rate superplasticity is still grain boundary sliding (GBS), which was studied systematically in this study. The dislocation creep controlled by grain boundary diffusion was considered the main accommodation mechanism, which was observed in this study.     

AZ61镁合金薄板超塑性变形特征的SEM研究

利用扫描电镜(SEM)和超塑性拉伸实验对一次热挤压加工成型的AZ61镁合金薄板(晶粒尺寸～12μm)超塑性变形特征进行了研究.结果显示,在最佳的变形温度(623K)和应变速率(1×10-4s-1)条件下,可获得的最大的超塑性形变量为920%.在523～673 K实验温度和1×10-2～1×10-5s-1应变速率范围内,材料的应变速率敏感指数(m值)随实验温度升高和应变速率的降低而增加.较高的m值(0.42～0.46)对应于晶界滑动机制(GBS),而较低的m值(0.22～0.25)则对应于位错滑移机制.变形温度和应变速率是影响超塑性变形量和变量机制的主要因素.     

异步轧制AZ31镁合金板材的超塑性工艺及变形机制

经过异步轧制工艺获得AZ31镁合金薄板。在300~450℃范围内,分别通过5×10-3,1×10-3s-1和5×10-4s-1不同应变速率进行高温拉伸实验研究其超塑性变形行为,计算应变速率敏感指数m值、超塑性变形激活能Q及门槛应力σ0值。通过EBSD分析和扫描电镜观察拉伸断裂后的断口形貌,分析AZ31镁合金的超塑性变形机制。结果表明:AZ31镁合金的塑性变形能力随着变形温度的升高及应变速率的降低而增强。当拉伸温度为400℃、m=0.72、应变速率为5×10-4s-1时,AZ31具有良好的超塑性,伸长率最大为206%。温度为400℃时,异步轧制AZ31镁合金的超塑性变形是以晶格扩散控制的晶界滑移和基面滑移共同完成的。     

微弧氧化时间对AZ61镁合金陶瓷膜形貌及性能的影响

用现有的微弧氧化方法制备的镁合金陶瓷膜厚度有限,且属于多孔结构。采用电流密度0.4 A/dm2,在AZ61镁合金表面制备了陶瓷膜;研究了不同微弧氧化时间(30,50,70,90,120,160 m in)对陶瓷膜微观性能的影响。结果表明:在电流密度一定的条件下,处理时间对陶瓷膜微观组织和性能有着较大的影响,随氧化时间延长,阳极电压、陶瓷膜厚度和粗糙度增大;孔隙率先增大后减小,最大值出现在70 m in时,陶瓷膜表面熔融物颗粒和孔隙尺寸增大且分布不均;50 m in时陶瓷膜耐蚀性最好。     

基于复合变形的镁合金动态再结晶及晶粒尺寸研究

目的 研究复合变形工艺参数对镁合金动态结晶体积分数及镁合金晶粒度的影响规律.方法 采用镁合金板材压痕-压平复合变形技术、扫描电子显微镜和EBSD等材料性能先进检测技术,获得经过复合变形后的镁合金材料的微观组织及动态结晶体积分数、镁合金的晶粒度等相关数据.结果 当变形温度为350℃、复合变形系数为0.375时,动态再结晶...     

稀土元素铈对AZ61镁合金铸态显微组织及结构的影响

运用金相显微镜、电子探针和X ray等手段分析了AZ61合金添加稀土元素Ce后铸态显微结构的变化。结果表明 ,Ce的加入细化了 β相和晶粒 ,并减少了 β相的量。Ce在AZ61合金中以呈块状和杆状Al4 Ce化合物的形式存在 ,这两种化合物熔点极高 ,几乎不溶于基体 ,有极少部分偏聚在晶界上。固溶处理后 ,AZ61合金中的 β (Mg12Al17)相几乎全部溶入基体 ;而加入稀土Ce后 ,AZ61合金中的Al4 Ce化合物几乎很少溶入基体。Ce的加入能够提高AZ61合金基体相的显微硬度 ,但幅度不大 ;而将其固溶处理后 ,Ce显著提高了AZ61合金的显微硬度。     

等温热处理对AZ61稀土镁合金半固态组织的影响

研究了等温热处理对AZ61稀土镁合金半固态组织的影响,结果表明:随着等温热处理温度的升高,铸态合金中的初始枝晶组织演变成了半固态非枝晶组织,经过了粗化、组织分离和球化三个过程。在等温热处理过程中,稀土La的加入阻碍了原子向固相粒子的聚集和固相粒子的合并,抑制了固相粒子的进一步长大,使半固态非枝晶组织更加细小。经过不同保温时间后,不规则的大块状组织开始球化,形成大量的近球形颗粒。但是,随着保温时间的进一步延长,球化的颗粒开始粗化长大且在颗粒内形成了大量的液岛。枝晶组织的球化过程,包括二次枝晶壁消失和Ostwald熟化。