Characterization of shielded coplanar stripline discontinuities by the space domain integral equation technique

This paper presents a general fullwave analysis for the problem of shielded coplanar stripline (CPS) discontinuities. The analysis is based on the electric field space domain integral equation (SDIE) approach. The Green's functions pertinent to the problem are formulated to take into consideration any number of planar stratified dielectric layers. The method of moments is applied to numerically solve the SDIE for the unknown current distribution over the CPS conductor surface. Numerical results for CPS open-end, series-gap, CPS resonator, and straight CPS series stubs are presented. Most of the included SDIE results are compared with quasi-transverse electromagnetic results, finite difference time domain results, or complex image technique results     

用MoM－CGM－FFT分析二维电磁散射问题

本文提出一种ＭｏＭ－ＣＧＭ－ＦＦＴ（矩量法－共轭梯度法－快速富立叶变换）的混合技术来分析任意截面和非均匀介质柱的做射问题。该方法是以等效电流作为未知函数进行求解。该方法适应世广，是一种求解电磁散射问题的简单途径。由于应用了ＣＧＭ－ＦＦＴ技术，降低了所需计算机内存和ＣＰＵ时间，可以有效地处理电子尺寸的柱体散射和非均匀介质柱的散射，本文给出的数据和准确结果相比较，吻合好。     

Current sensorless position–flux tracking controller for induction motor drives

An innovative indirect field-oriented output feedback controller for induction motor drives is presented. This solution is based on output feedback since only speed and position of the motor shaft are measured, while current sensors are avoided. This approach is suitable for low cost applications, where the position sensor cannot be removed to guarantee accurate position tracking.The proposed method provides global asymptotic tracking of smooth position and flux references in presence of unknown constant load torque. It is based on the natural passivity of the electromagnetic part of the machine and it guarantees asymptotic decoupling of the induction motor mechanical and electrical subsystems achieving at the same time asymptotic field orientation. Lyapunov analysis and nonlinear control design have been adopted to obtain good position tracking performances and effective torque–flux decoupling. The cascaded structure of the controller allows performing a constructive tuning procedure for speed and position control loops.Results of experimental tests are presented to demonstrate the tracking and robustness features of the proposed solution.     

Efficient Analysis of Phased Arrays of Microstrip Patches Using a Hybrid Generalized Forward Backward Method/Green's Function Technique With a DFT Based Acceleration Algorithm

A hybrid method based on the combination of generalized forward backward method (GFBM) and Green's function for the grounded dielectric slab together with the acceleration of the combination via a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based algorithm is developed for the efficient and accurate analysis of electromagnetic radiation/scattering from electrically large, irregularly contoured two-dimensional arrays consisting of finite number of probe-fed microstrip patches. In this method, unknown current coefficients corresponding to a single patch are first solved by a conventional Galerkin type hybrid method of moments (MoM)/Green's function technique that uses the grounded dielectric slab's Green's function. Because the current distribution on the microstrip patch can be expanded using an arbitrary number of subsectional basis functions, the patch can have any shape. The solution for the array currents is then found through GFBM, where it sweeps the current computation element by element. The computational complexity of this method, which is originally ( being the total number of unknowns) for each iteration, is reduced to using a DFT based acceleration algorithm making use of the fact that array elements are identical and the array is periodic. Numerical results in the form of array current distribution are given for various sized arrays of probe-fed microstrip patches with elliptical and/or circular boundaries, and are compared with the conventional MoM results to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method.     

Analysis of superconducting microwave structures: application tomicrostrip lines

An accurate analysis for the microwave and millimeter-wave transmission lines, which include the high T_c superconductor materials, is presented. This analysis is based on blending a full electromagnetic wave model with London's equations and the two-fluid model. It is capable of fully characterizing the transmission lines, including obtaining the current distributions inside the superconducting material, the electromagnetic fields, the power handling capability, and the quality factor. A simplified model based on the TM-mode solution is also presented. The solution is obtained using the finite-difference scheme. This approach is employed in investigating the superconducting microstrip structure. Results showing current distributions and quality factors are presented. Variations of the line characteristics with the strip width are also presented. The possibility of developing empirical relations for the current carrying capacity as functions of the critical current density and the critical magnetic flux density is also demonstrated     

Efficient method of moments formulation for large PEC scatteringproblems using asymptotic phasefront extraction (APE)

A method is introduced for reducing the exorbitant dependence on computer storage and solution time in the method of moments (MoM) for electrically large electromagnetic (EM) scattering problems. The unknown surface currents on large, smooth parts of a perfect electrical conductor (PEC) scatterer are expressed by an efficient set of linearly phased surface current basis functions. The phasefront characteristics of the surface currents are numerically extracted from known current samples obtained from a lower-frequency solution of the same configuration. The use of such basis functions for efficiently representing the surface currents that are constructed in terms of linearly phased currents at higher frequencies is justified by considering the form of the surface currents predicted by high-frequency asymptotic ray methods. The procedure for extracting the current phasefronts is purely numerical, obviating computationally expensive and nonrobust operations such as ray-tracing, and thus, is amenable to general purpose scattering codes. The new MoM with linearly phased basis functions is shown to greatly relieve the storage and solution time of the conventional MoM while accurately reproducing the induced surface currents and scattered fields of some chosen targets     

平面波照射下贯通导线电磁干扰快速算法

提出了一种基于BLT（Baum-Liu-Tesche）方程的平面波辐照下金属腔贯通导线电磁干扰分析的快速计算方法.首先采用电磁拓扑理论将整个问题进行拓扑分解,根据场线耦合理论获得场线耦合节点的传输函数,进而采用广义BLT方程获得外界电磁波与贯通导线相互作用时金属腔内终端负载上的干扰电流.将该算法用于贯通单导线、贯通双导线和贯通传输线网络电磁干扰问题分析,计算获得的终端负载上感应电流结果与全波分析方法结果吻合较好,证明了该快速算法的有效性.该快速算法计算时间仅为全波分析法的万分之一,且所占内存相比全波分析法缩小了几十倍.     

Fundamentals of Steady-State and Transient Electromagnetic Fields in Shielding Enclosures

A simplified theory of electromagnetic shielding by enclosures with conductive and/or magnetic wails is presented. The theory is based on a simplified type of boundary condition at the enclosure walls. Theoretical results are compared with exact solutions for steady-state and transient excitation and the approximation turns out to be extremely good in all cases of practical interest. For enclosures of arbitrary shapes, the problem is formulated as a single integral equation in the unknown current in the shield. Numerical solution of the equation is discussed, as well as a possible equivalent lumped-circuit representation.     

Nonlinear analysis of microwave superconductor devices usingfull-wave electromagnetic model

This paper presents a full electromagnetic wave analysis for modeling the nonlinearity in high temperature superconductor (HTS) microwave and millimeter-wave devices. The HTS nonlinear model is based on the Ginzburg-Landau theory. The electromagnetic fields associated with the currents on the superconducting structure are obtained using a three-dimensional full wave solution of Maxwell's equations. A three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain algorithm simultaneously solves the resulting equations. The entire solution is performed in time domain, which is a must for this type of nonlinearity analysis. The macroscopic parameters of the HTS, the super fluid penetration depth and the normal fluid conductivity, are calculated as functions of the applied magnetic field. The nonlinear propagation characteristics for HTS transmission line, including the effective dielectric constant and the attenuation constant, are calculated, As the power on the transmission line increases, the phase velocity decreases and the line losses increase. The nonlinearity effects on the current distributions inside the HTS, the electromagnetic field distributions, and the frequency spectrum are also analyzed     

Electromagnetic scattering from objects composed of multiplehomogeneous regions using a region-by-region solution

The paper presents an efficient procedure to calculate the electromagnetic field scattered by an inhomogeneous object consisting of N+1 linear isotropic homogeneous regions. The procedure is based on surface integral equation (SIE) formulations and the method of moments. The method of moments (MM) is used to reduce the integral equations for each homogeneous dielectric region into individual matrices. These matrices are each solved for the equivalent electric current in terms of the equivalent magnetic current. A simple algebraic procedure is used to combine these solutions and to solve for the magnetic current on the outer dielectric surfaces of the scatterer. With the magnetic current determined, the electric current on the outer surface of the scatterer is calculated. Because the matrix corresponding to each dielectric region is solved separately, the authors call this procedure the region-by-region method. The procedure is simple and efficient. It requires less computer storage and less execution time than the conventional MM approach, in which all the unknown currents are solved for simultaneously. To illustrate the use of the procedure, the bistatic and monostatic radar cross sections (RCS) of several objects are computed. The computed results are verified by comparison with results obtained numerically using the conventional numerical procedure as well as via the series solution for circular cylindrical structures. The possibility of nonunique solutions has also been investigated     

一种基于高阶矢量叠层基函数去除复杂谐振腔三维有限元仿真中的伪直流模式的新方法

基于高阶矢量叠层基函数,提出了一种去除复杂谐振腔三维有限元仿真中产生的伪直流模式的新方法.该方法可以非常方便、高效地将谐振腔有限元仿真中所有伪直流模式完全去除.利用该方法可以得到一个精确、高效和稳定的有限元本征求解器.该本征求解器在仿真三维复杂谐振腔上和目前流行的电磁场商业软件的本征模求解器相比具有相当的精度并且具有更高的效率.     

基于统计型积分方程的高斯粗糙面散射计算

基于统计型积分方程方法(Stochastic Integral Equation Method, SIEM)实现了高斯粗糙面的高效散射计算.与传统求解随机粗糙面散射特性的蒙特卡洛法(Monte Carlo Method, MC)相比, 该方法采用统计面元格林函数, 考虑粗糙面高斯随机分布的场源耦合影响, 只需要计算一次矩阵元素和待求未知量, 提高了求解粗糙面问题的计算效率.数值结果显示, 文中方法与MC吻合, 计算效率得到显著提高.     

Finite-thickness conductor models for full-wave analysis of interconnects with a fast Integral equation method

In this paper, a fast electromagnetic integral equation solution methodology is proposed for the frequency-domain modeling of lossy, interconnect structures. The proposed method utilizes a two-layer model for thick conductors where the unknown current density inside the rectangular wire strips is approximated in terms of equivalent surface currents placed at the top and bottom sides of the strip which, for the purposes of this paper, are assumed to be substantially larger than the side strips. A matrix impedance relationship, which depends on the conductor thickness and its material properties, is established between the two surface current densities to account for the skin effect behavior of the field within the conductor. The selected assignment of the unknown current densities on the planes associated with the top and bottom sides of the metallization, combined with the planarity of multilayered interconnect structures, makes possible the application of the conjugate gradient fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm for the computationally efficient prediction of the electromagnetic response of multiport interconnect structures. Applications of the resulting fast integral equation solver to the electromagnetic modeling of interconnect circuits with thick lossy conductors from near dc to multigigahertz frequencies are used to demonstrate the validity of the method and quantify its computational efficiency.     

A fictitious domain method for conformal modeling of the perfectelectric conductors in the FDTD method

We present a fictitious domain method to avoid the staircase approximation in the study of perfect electric conductors (PEC) in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The idea is to extend the electromagnetic field inside the PEC and to introduce a new unknown, the surface electric current density to ensure the vanishing of the tangential components of the electric field on the boundary of the PEC. This requires the use of two independent meshes: a regular three-dimensional (3-D) cubic lattice for the electromagnetic field and a triangular surface-patching for the surface electric current density. The intersection of these two meshes gives a simple coupling law between the electric field and the surface electric current density. An interesting property of this method is that it provides the surface electric current density at each time step. Furthermore, this method looks like FDTD with a special model for the PEC. Numerical results for several objects are presented     

应用矩量法对任意线天线辐射特性的分析

采用矩量法对线形导体上的辐射特性进行了分析，该方法是基于伽略金法，以三角矢量函数作为空间的基函数和检验函数对任意形状的线结构的电场积分方程进行求解，并以此求解天线上的电流分布和天线的功率辐射方向图。给出了篇例，结果表明，该方法是有效的，为超宽带天线的分析奠定了基础。     

各向异性阻抗面电磁散射快速数值算法研究

基于多层UV矩阵分解技术,提出用矩量法(MoM)求解三维各向异性阻抗面电磁散射的MoM-UV快速数值算法。根据等效原理,将表面电磁流以RWG(rao-wilton-glisson)矢量基函数展开。引入阻抗边界条件(IBC),以表面阻抗并矢表征电磁参数,实现各向异性阻抗面的电磁仿真。通过多层UV进行低秩矩阵压缩,减少矩阵-向量积运算和内存需求,利用稳定的双共轭梯度(BICGSTAB)迭代方法求解。给出典型算例,并与Mie级数解等精确结果比较,验证该算法的精度和效率。     

计算机线缆的电磁信息泄漏智能分析方法

计算机系统中的各型线缆会通过电磁传导发射泄漏内部信息,导致信息安全问题. 为了分析来自计算机线缆的电磁信息泄漏,提出了基于深度学习的智能分析方法. 设计一维卷积神经网络算法,对电磁泄漏信号进行深层的特征提取与学习,从泄漏的电磁信号中智能识别泄漏源的线缆类型,进而分析其中泄漏的视频信息. 实测结果表明,本文提出的方法,在未知目标信号特征的情况下,能够有效识别电磁信息的泄漏源与泄漏信息,为计算机线缆提供了一种电磁信息泄漏的智能分析手段.     

Analysis of an Electromagnetic Field Created by Line Current Using Constrained Interpolation Profile Method

Development of accurate schemes is a technical issue related to calculation of electromagnetic fields. This study uses constrained interpolation profile (CIP) method to analyze electromagnetic fields created by line current. This is a novel method proposed by Yabe. Comparison of results obtained using finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis and CIP analysis indicates that CIP analysis provides higher accuracy using identical discretization. In addition, given the same level of accuracy, CIP analysis requires less memory and less calculation time     

细线结构时域电场积分方程的有限差分求解

提出一种求解基于细线结构的时域电场积分方程 ( TDEFIE)的方法 -有限差分方法。与传统求解时域电场积分方程的时域矩量法相比 ,该方法易于数值实现。文中还利用该方法研究了电磁辐射、散射的三个经典问题 ,并将结果与时域矩量法的结果进行了比对 ,研究表明 ,该方法求解细线结构的 TDEFIE非常有效。     

Marx同步性问题及多支路解决方案分析

Marx脉冲发生器是超宽带高功率微波发生器的关键技术之一,根据对该技术中传输路径上火花开关的逐级过压特性的分析,指出导致Marx电路同步性问题存在的原因,并给出多充电支路的解决方案,同时在对不同电路结构充电方式的波形详细分析的基础上比较了它们的各自特点。最后,将多支路充电方法应用于Marx高功率电磁脉冲发生器试验装置。自制试验装置提供的试验结果与本文理论分析相吻合。