On the modification of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys using rare earth Er

Hypereutectic Al-17.5Si (wt pct) and Al-25Si (wt pct) alloys with various content of rare earth Er were prepared by conventional casting technique. The effect of Er on the microstructure and properties of the hypereutectic Al-Si alloys was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy as well as friction and wear tests. It was found that optimal amount of Er exists in modifying the hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. An appropriate addition of Er improved the anti-wear properties, and reduced the friction coefficient of the hypereutectic Al-Si alloys studied. The primary silicon crystals in the hypereutectic Al-Si alloys were refined with the suitable addition of Er element. The modification mechanism was also discussed in this paper.     

Effect of phosphor addition on eutectic solidification and microstructure of an Al-13％Si alloy

As the refiner or modifier, the master alloys containing high concentration phosphor are widely used in preparing eutectic or hypereutectic Al-Si alloys. To study the effect of phosphor addition on the eutectic solidification and microstructure of the Al-13%Si alloy, an investigation has been undertaken by means of thermal analysis and micro/macro-structure observation. Results indicate that addition of phosphor in near eutectic Al-Si alloy promotes the nucleation of eutectic but has little refinement impact on primary Si particles as expected. Conversely, both primary Si particles and eutectic Si flakes become slightly coarser in P-rich alloys. The coarsening of eutectic Si flakes ties closely to the increased eutectic growth temperature with phosphor addition. The eutectic solidification of the alloy proceeds from the near mold zone towards the center, and it is also found that a few independent nucleation regions emerge in liquid at the solidification front due to the addition of phosphor.     

Eutectic nucleation in Al-7 wt pct Si-Mg casting alloys

The nucleation of eutectic crystals of hypoeutectic Al-7 wt pct Si-Mg casting alloys modified by Ce and Sr was studied by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). DSC results were applied to calculate the values of activity energy and nucleation work of eutectic nucleation for the alloys. These values were decreased and the eutectic nucleation frequency was increased with the addition of Ce and Sr to the alloys. Moreover, the morphology of eutectic silicon in the modified alloys was partially or fully modified as fine, fibrous or coral, and DSC plots show that the eutectic undercooling of Al-7 wt pct Si-Mg alloys were increased with additions of modified agents. The mechanism of eutectic modification is combined actions of the accelerated nucleation and the restricted growth.     

The high-temperature oxidation of some oxidation-resistant copper-based alloys

The oxidation behavior of Cu-2Be, Cu-5Al, Cu-8Al, Cu-3Si, Cu-2Al-2Si, Cu-2.5Al-2.5Si, Cu-4.5Al-2Si, Cu-7.5 Al-2Si, Cu-6.5Al-4Si, and Cu-4.5Al-5Si, in the temperature range 100–800°C, in air, has been investigated by gravimetric measurements and by electron microscopical examination of stripped oxide films. Most of the alloys showed considerable resistance to oxidation. This was given mainly by a thermally grown film of -alumina on the Cu-Al and Cu-Al-Si alloys and by a beryllia film on the Cu-Be alloy. Other oxide phases, principally copper oxides, were also found to grow on the alloys and these are described. Silicon additions to Cu-Al alloys are found to improve their oxidation resistance, although no crystalline oxides containing silicon were observed in the oxide films stripped from the Cu-Al-Si alloys.     

Structural evolution of spray-formed Al-70wt.%Si alloys during isothermal holding in the semi-solid state

1 Introduction The study on semi-solid behavior of metals and alloys was pioneered by Spencor and his co-workers at MIT in 1971 [1]. Since then the semi-solid proc- essing (SSP) has been widely studied and used as forming process compared with other methods [2-3]. The materials under the semi-solid state are de- formed much more easily, however they will still maintain the shape and certain strength. SSP can in- crease the part-forming rate, reduce the thermal shock imposed on the mould, i…     

Temporal evolution of the nanostructure of Al(Sc,Zr) alloys: Part II-coarsening of Al3(Sc1−xZrx) precipitates

The coarsening behavior of four Al(Sc,Zr) alloys containing small volume fractions (<0.01) of Al₃(Sc_1−xZr_x) (L1₂) precipitates was investigated employing conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The activation energies for diffusion-limited coarsening were obtained employing the Umantsev–Olson–Kuehmann–Voorhees (UOKV) model for multi-component alloys. The addition of Zr is shown to retard significantly the coarsening rate and stabilize precipitate morphologies. HREM of Al(Sc,Zr) alloys aged at 300 °C reveals Al₃(Sc_1−xZr_x) precipitates with sharp facets parallel to {1 0 0} and {1 1 0} planes. Coarsening of Al-0.07 Sc-0.019 Zr at.%, Al-0.06 Sc-0.005 Zr at.% and Al-0.09 Sc-0.047 Zr at.% alloys is shown to be controlled by volume diffusion of Zr atoms, while coarsening of Al-0.14 Sc-0.012 Zr at.% is controlled by volume diffusion of Sc atoms.     

Ti-4.5Al-5Mo-1.5Cr合金增韧的价电子理论研究

利用余氏固体与分子经验电子理论和程氏改进的TFD理论计算了Ti-4.5Al-5Mo-1.5Cr与Ti-6Al-4V两种合金的相空间及其异相界面价电子结构。利用价电子结构参数－相结构因子和界面结合因子，分析讨论了合金元素Mo,Cr和V对Ti-4.5Al-5Mo-1.5Cr与Ti-6Al-4V钛合金相空间及其异相界面价电子结构的影响，进而在电子结构层次上揭示了Ti-4.5Al-5Mo-1.5Cr合金增韧的微观本质原因。     

A1-4.5Cu合金半固态坯料制备研究

研究了稀土Ce对铝铜合金微观组织的影响以及A14.5Cu合金半固态坯料的制备工艺.实验表明:在Al-4.5Cu合金中加入稀土Ce,细化了合金的微观组织,固液两相区间变窄,改善了合金的凝固性能.浇注温度和浇注方式对合金坯料制备也有明显的影响.在700℃采用斜坡振动铜模水冷浇注可制备性能优良的稀土Al-4.5Cu半固态坯料,其组织为细小均匀的等轴球状晶,且制备工艺简单.     

Al-35La铸态合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用真空熔炼方法,在不同铸型(金属型、石墨型和砂型)中制备了Al-35La合金试样,研究了其组织形貌和力学性能及组织的形成原因。结果表明,Al-35La合金在不同铸型中的凝固组织均是周期性双相枝晶组织;不同铸型中试样的硬度和相对压缩率相差不大;合金的抗压强度较高且具有10%左右的相对压缩率,这与合金组织中Al11La3枝晶不连续分布,从而使组织细化的特征相一致。     

Prediction and improvement of shrinkage porosity in TiAl based alloy

The present research has developed a novel investment casting process for ingot production of TiAl alloys through forming a small vertical temperature gradient on the mold.The advantage of this process is to guarantee that the castings solidify sequentially from bottom to top.The analysis of numerical simulation and experimental results showed that the shrinkage porosity of Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy was significantly improved by forming a vertical temperature gradient of 3 oC/mm on the mold,while the increase o...     

低压脉冲磁场制备Al-4.5Cu半固态坯料的研究

应用低压脉冲磁场技术制备Al-4.5Cu半固态坯料,通过光学显微镜观察组织,应用ImageTool软件计算晶粒平均尺寸.结果表明,随着低压脉冲磁场放电电压的增加,树枝状晶粒生长得到抑制,晶粒逐渐被细化;当放电电压达到250V时,晶粒最细且近似球状.同时发现,合理的模具温度对等轴状α-Al晶粒的获得也有影响;模具温度为500℃时,晶粒尺寸最小.     

Primary Alpha Grain Coarsening Behavior of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V Alloy in the Alpha + Beta Two-Phase Field

Grain coarsening of titanium alloys takes place easily at high temperatures, which significantly affects the mechanical properties of the material. In this study, the coarsening mechanisms and kinetics of the Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V (TA15) alloy in the (α + β) two-phase field were investigated by heat treatment experiments. The experimental results showed that the microstructural morphology evolved from the cuboidal, rod-like, or plate-like at the initial stages to the equiaxed or spherical. The coarsening mechanism was different at different temperature. At lower temperature (900 °C), the coarsening exponent (n) was close to 4.1. This indicated that the coarsening process was controlled by diffusion along grain boundaries. At higher temperatures (940 and 970 °C), the values of n were equal to 3.2 and 3.3, respectively. It could be concluded that the coarsening processes were mainly controlled by diffusion through the matrix. Furthermore, the activation energy of diffusion (Q _act) and the coarsening rate constant (K) were calculated and compared with the theoretic values. That confirmed the coarsening mechanism mentioned above.     

Effect of Zinc Content and Cutting Tool Coating on the Machinability of the Al-(5–35) Zn Alloys

Metals and Materials International - In this study, Al-5Zn, Al-15Zn, Al-25Zn and Al-35Zn alloys containing 5, 15, 25 and 35&nbsp;wt% Zn, respectively were produced by permanent mold casting....     

超声振动对Al-17Si-xFe合金富铁相形貌的影响

用直接超声振动法处理了Al-17Si-xFe(x=2,3,4,5,质量分数)合金,利用光学显微镜、XRD及EDS等手段分析了传统铸造工艺和超声半固态成形合金的微观组织。结果表明,在无超声振动时,Fe含量为2%的铸态合金组织中的富Fe相以长针状β-Al5FeSi相为主,伴有少量板条状δ-Al4FeSi2相。随着Fe含量的增加,合金组织中长针状β-Al5FeSi相逐渐减少,针片状δ-Al4FeSi2相逐渐增多,Fe含量为5%时以粗大针片状δ-Al4FeSi2相为主。在液相线附近对上述不同Fe含量的合金熔体施加一定时间的超声振动后浇注到金属型,富Fe相均以块状和短条状δ-Al4FeSi2相为主,其晶粒平均等效直径在18～46μm之间,明显细化,此外还伴有少量针状β-Al5FeSi相。初步探讨了超声振动影响富Fe相形貌的作用机理。     

Effect of thermal exposure on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al−Si−Cu−Ni−Mg alloy produced by different casting technologies

The effect of thermal exposure at 350 °C for 200 h on microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated for Al−Si−Cu−Ni−Mg alloy, which was produced by permanent mold casting (PMC) and high pressure die casting (HPDC). The SEM and IPP software were used to characterize the morphology of Si phase in the studied alloys. The results show that the thermal exposure provokes spheroidization and coarsening of eutectic Si particles. The ultimate tensile strength of the HPDC alloy after thermal exposure is higher than that of the PMC alloy at room temperature. However, the TEPMC and TEHPDC alloys have similar tensile strength around 67 MPa at 350 °C. Due to the coarsening of eutectic Si, the TEPMC alloy exhibits better creep resistance than the TEHPDC alloy under studied creep conditions. Therefore, the alloys with small size of eutectic Si are not suitably used at 350 °C.     

挤压铸造Al-Cu-Mn和Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金耐腐蚀性能研究

采用酸性盐雾试验,对Al-4.5Cu-0.8Mn和Al-7.3Zn-2.9Mg-1.9Cu 2种挤压铸造合金的耐腐蚀性能进行了对比研究.结果表明,在盐雾腐蚀过程中,随着腐蚀时间的延长和压力的增大,两种合金的耐腐蚀性能都出现了一定程度的下降.前者的腐蚀是由分布于枝晶间和晶界处的T(Al12CuMn2)和θ(Al2Cu)相溶解引起的,后者的腐蚀是由合金中η相的优先溶解,以及沿晶界分布的S相边沿的(Al)基体溶解所致;前者的耐腐蚀性能明显优于后者.     

常压及高压凝固Al-Mg及Al-Mg-Zn合金中Al相的固溶体结构

采用X射线衍射仪、能谱仪和透射电镜分别对Al-9.6%Mg合金、Al-11Mg-4.5Zn合金和Al-17Zn-1.5Mg合金常压及6 GPa高压凝固后Al相的固溶体结构进行研究。结果表明:6GPa高压凝固后,Al-9.6%Mg合金中Mg在Al相中的固溶度显著增大;在Al-11Mg-4.5Zn合金和Al-17Zn-1.5Mg合金中,Mg、Zn溶质在Al相中的固溶度均增大,但Zn比Mg固溶的比例要大得多。在常压凝固条件下,与纯铝相比,3种合金中Al相的晶格常数均增大。与常压凝固相比,高压凝固Al-9.6Mg合金和Al-11Mg-4.5Zn中Al相晶格常数分别增大了1.178%和0.220%;在Al-17Zn-1.5Mg合金中,Al相晶格常数变化很小。此外,在Al-Mg-Zn合金中,原子半径较大的Mg固溶到Al相中,导致其晶格常数增大,原子半径较小的Zn固溶到Al相中,导致其晶格常数减小,且高压凝固后,溶质的原子半径越小,在Al相中固溶的比例越大。     

凝固路径对Al-4.5%Cu合金共晶相体积分数影响的数值模拟研究

通过Al-4.5％Cu合金铸锭显微偏析形成的数值模拟，研究了凝固路径对凝固后铸锭不同位置处共晶相体积分数的影响。在显微偏析模型中考虑了树枝晶粗化、固相溶质逆扩散、枝晶尖端过冷、随温度变化的溶质扩散系数等影响显微偏析形成的动力学因素。数值方法中采用变网格技术跟踪移动界面，通过迭代求解溶质扩散方程和溶质守恒方程计算显微偏析参数。结果表明，不能仅靠局部凝固时间来分析共晶相体积分数的变化，还要考虑凝固路径的影响。     

微量B对Mg-3A1-1Zn镁合金组织和性能的影响

B通过Al-3B中间舍金加入Mg-3Al-1Zn舍金中，利用OM、XRD及力学性能测试、极化曲线测定等手段对不同B加入量合金的组织和性能进行了分析。实验结果表明，合金的组织随着B加入量的增加变得粗大，当B加入量为0．05％时出现粗大枝晶，0．1％时枝晶进一步长大且出现二次枝晶。舍金的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能也随B加入量的增加而降低。     

合金元素对Ti-46Al-8Nb合金充型性能的影响

采用网状式样法制备包埋料型壳,对比研究了B、Y、Mn和Er等微合金元素对Ti-46Al-8Nb合金熔体铸造充型性能的影响。研究结果表明：添加微量元素B、Y、Mn、Er等均会对Ti-46Al-8Nb合金熔体铸造充型性能产生一定程度的改善作用。其中,0.5Y和1Mn改善作用十分明显,其加入使充填率分别增加了54.5%和48.5%。0.1Er、0.5B和1B对该合金充型性能的改善作用较为一般,其加入使充填率分别增加了3.0%、4.5%和5.3%。