利用数据挖掘技术对公交乘客特征状况的分析

分类在数据挖掘中是一项非常重要的任务.分类的目的是学会一个分类函数或分类模型,该模型能把数据库中的数据项映射到给定类别中的某一个,从而用于数据分类或预测.决策树是归纳学习和数据挖掘的重要方法,通常用来形成分类器和预测模型.主要研究了数据挖掘中的一种基于决策树的分类算法,以及在公交系统数据预测中的应用.在此基础上进一步讨论了ID3算法存在的一些问题并给出了解决方案和实现过程.其研究结果对开发交通规划决策支持系统具有重要的参考价值.     

数据挖掘常用分类算法研究

数据库、数据仓库以及其他存储信息库中潜藏着很多与商业、科学研究等活动的决策有关的数据和知识。对于数据挖掘中的数据分析,通常有两种常见的方法,即分类和预测,首先对数据库中的数据进行分类归纳,然后根据分类规则可以得到比较有价值的数据,然后我们可以根据这个数据来预测得到一些包含未来趋势的信息。在常见的分类算法中,决策树算法是一个有着很好扩展性的算法,可以应用到大型数据库中,可以对多种数据类型进行处理,分类模式容易转化为分类规则,结果也十分的浅显易懂易于理解。该文主要先介绍了几种常用的分类算法,然后具体介绍决策树算法的过程以及在分类算法实际应用中的优缺点。     

一种集成数据挖掘的自动视频分类方法

针对自动视频分类工作中分类预测精度低的问题，提出了一种集成数据挖掘技术的自动视频分类方法。首先进行视频分割，形成了一个视频属性数据库；然后分别使用决策树、分类关联规则等技术对视频属性数据库进行数据挖掘，提取出决策树分类规则集和分类关联规则集；最后利用一个规则集的合并裁减算法来合并这两个分类预测规则集，形成最终的具有更高精度的视频分类规则集。通过实验验证了决策树分类预测规则和分类关联规则具有分类预测的一致性；同时实验表明，使用合并后的规则集比单独使用一个规则集来预测视频具有更高的预测准确率。     

ID3算法在教学质量评价中的应用研究

决策树是数据挖掘中的一种分类算法,它是一种以实例为基础的归纳学习算法,来发现数据模式和规则.介绍了数据挖掘的定义及分类,详细介绍了决策树ID3算法.又根据ID3算法,对院校中收集的大量教学评价数据样本进行分析,获得不同属性上的信息增益,生成最终决策树,可将此树转换成一个if-then规则的集合.生成规则和决策树,然后对新数据进行分析和预测.通过数据建模以发现规律和模式,从而提取有价值的信息,避免目前教学质量评价中的不合理性,实例验证和分析的结果表示该方法的有效性.为教学质量评价提供合理、科学的决策支持,从而提高教学质量,改进教学成果.     

利用决策树技术对股票价格数据库进行数据挖掘

本文利用数据挖掘中的决策树技术对于股票价格数据库数据进行处理,把一般的经济数据分析预测问题转化成数据挖掘中的分类问题。我们选取美国通用电子公司(GE)四十年间的股票价格数据,利用ID3算法并适当调整以适应本类问题的需求,由此生成决策树作为分类器并对结果进行检验,其中数据处理的编程工具采用的是VFP和Delphi。通过分析结果,我们发现该方法具有可行性、有效性、合理性,可作为这类经济分析预测工作的一种手段。     

一个数据挖掘工具的设计与实现

数据挖掘是一个利用各种分析工具在海量数据中发现模型和数据间关系的过程，这些模型和关系可以用来做出预测，该文介绍了一人数据挖掘工具的设计，以Apriori算法为核心，实现了数据挖掘中基于数据库的几种常用挖掘方法，包括基于关系数据库的数据挖掘，不完整数据库中的数据挖掘和根据兴趣度测量来挖掘感兴趣知识的异常关联规则挖掘。     

利用MLC++实现数据挖掘

数据挖掘是从大量原始数据中抽取隐藏知识的过程。大部分数据挖掘工具采用规则发现和决策树分类技术来发现数据模式和规则,其核心是归纳算法。与传统统计方法相比,基于机器学习技术得到的分类结果具有较好的可解释性。在针对特定的数据集进行数据挖掘时,如果缺乏相应的领域知识,用户或决策者就很难确定选择何种归纳算法。因此,需要尝试各种算法。借助MLC＋＋,决策者能够轻而易举地比较不同分类算法对特定数据集的有效性,从而选择合适的分类算法。同时,系统开发人员也可以利用MLC＋＋设计各种混合算法。     

决策树算法在天气评估中的应用

分类算法是数据挖掘中的一个最重要技术．本文分析了决策树分类算法中的ID3算法和C4．5算法．利用它们建立天气评估的决策树模型．研究了该决策树模型在天气评估中的应用，分析了决策树算法应用于数据分类和知识发现的过程和特点．同时文章中也指出了分类算法的不足之处和待解决的问题。     

决策树算法在专业方向指导中的应用

数据挖掘就是从海量的数据中挖掘出可能有潜在价值的信息的技术。决策树方法是一种典型的分类算法．首先对数据进行处理,利用归纳算法生成可读的规则和决策树模型,然后使用决策树模型对新数据进行分析。该文以大学生专业方向指导辅助系统的开发过程为实例从理论上论述了数据挖掘的概念、数据挖掘研究内容和本质以及进行数据挖掘的主要方法。讲述了使用MATLAB7．0开发实现决策树算法子系统的方法和实现,并且对生成的决策树模型进行分析。     

新的决策树构造方法

决策树算法是数据挖掘中的一个比较活跃的研究领域,是对分类问题进行深入分析的一种方法。但构造最优决策树是一个NP难问题。首先介绍了ID3算法的基本思想,然后针对算法中存在的不足,引入了广义相关函数的概念,提出了一种以条件属性和决策属性之间的广义相关函数作为属性选择标准的决策树构造方法,并且与ID3算法进行了实验比较。实验表明,这种方法不但可以优化决策树模型,而且用该方法构造的决策树的预测精度也得到明显改善。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。