Decomposition of N2O on Perovskite-Related Oxides

Mixed metal oxides crystalizing in a perovskite-related structure have long been of interest to solid state chemists and physicists because of their technologically important physical properties. The ready availability of a family of isomorphic solids with controllable physical properties makes these oxides suitable for basic research in catalysis. These mixed metal oxides are more advantageous and are better catalytic materials than simple oxides because: (i) the crystal structure can accomodate various metal ions and can stabilize unusual and mixed valence states of active metal ion; (ii) appropriate formulation of these oxides leads to easy tailoring of many desirable properties such as valence state of transition metal ion, distance between active sites, binding energy, diffusion of oxygen in the lattice, magnetic and conducting properties of the solid; (iii) the catalytic activity can be correlated to solid state properties since many of their solid state properties are thoroughly understood; (iv) the surface of these oxides can be regenerated by suitable activation procedure.     

Claus尾气处理技术的分析

讨论了当前所采用的各种Claus尾气处理工艺技术,对传统的焚烧工艺进行了分析,并比较了尾气处理的Claus工艺法（干床亚露点工艺）、Claus工艺法（液相亚露点工艺）、SO2回收工艺法、H2S回收工艺法,直接氧化法等几种工艺的特点和效能,具体工艺的选择应根据所在地环保标准、投资规模、操作费用综合考虑。     

H2S选择性氧化催化剂的侧线试验研究

主要介绍了H2S选择性氧化脱硫催化剂在某30万t合成氨装置上的现场考核，实验证明了在适宜的条件下，该催化剂可以处理复杂气源中低浓度H2S，经过500h的考核，催化剂显示了很好的活性、选择性及稳定性。     

金属氧化物催化剂上H_2S选择性催化氧化研究进展

选择性催化氧化法作为一种新型的脱除H_2S尾气技术,重点是开发具有高活性和多种性能特点的催化剂形成系列产品。总结了金属氧化物催化剂上H_2S选择性催化氧化反应的研究进展。重点介绍了不同载体、活性组分和助剂对催化剂活性的影响;阐述了H_2S选择性催化氧化的反应机理和失活机理,并对金属氧化物催化剂的未来发展方向上进行了展望。     

HPF湿式氧化法焦炉煤气脱硫脱氰技术

介绍了HPF法脱硫脱氰工艺的原理、流程、特点以及实际操作数据。     

H_2S在线分析仪的开发与研究

介绍基于比尔定律开发的H2 S在线分析仪。该仪器主要应用于克劳斯硫磺回收系统 ,替代价格昂贵的进口仪表。     

氧化催化剂在超级克劳斯硫回收装置中的运用

对超级克劳斯硫回收装置中氧化催化剂的特性、装填方法、活化操作步骤和温度控制要领分别进行了阐述;论述了在生产运行工况下超级克劳斯反应器的开、停车程序和氧化催化剂的温度控制要领,对装置的硫收率、硫磺产品质量和尾气达标情况进行了对比和总结。     

硫回收装置中H_2S/SO_2分析仪的应用

在硫回收装置中应用H2S/SO2比值分析仪可有效提高硫的回收率,降低硫化物排放量,实现节能减排和环境保护。介绍了H2S/SO2比值分析仪检测原理及应用时出现的问题和解决方法。     

比值分析仪在硫磺回收中的应用

在硫磺回收装置中设置硫比值分析仪可有效提高硫回收率,降低SO2排放量,同时也可以达到节能减排、保护环境的目的。本文阐述了比值分析仪在硫磺回收工艺中的重要性,同时介绍了880NSL型比值分析仪的原理和在某硫磺回收装置的应用。     

氯化铜脱除硫化氢气体制硫磺研究

A novel technology of removing H2S with cupric chloride solution was developed in this paper. Cupric as the form of CuS deposition, the CuS produced was then oxidized by excessive cupric ion in another reactor meanwhile cupric ion that has been consumed can be recovered by the oxidization of CuCl2- with oxygen in air,and the solution can be circulated. Moreover, the leaching kinetics of CuS by cupric ion was studied. The removal efficiency of H2S is close to 100%, and the required operating condition is mild. Compared with other wet oxidization methods, no raw material is consumed except O2 in air, the process has no secondary pollution and no problem of degradation and scale, and the absorbent is much stable and reliable.     

超级克劳斯装置的工艺和控制

介绍了超级克劳斯装置的工艺特点,阐述了燃烧炉控制系统和氧化空气控制系统的设计意图,将该装置与常规克劳斯工艺进行了比较。结果表明,超级克劳斯装置硫回收率超过99.5％;从化学反应的根本上实现了对催化剂活性的保护和对SO2、H2S的抑制。     

Selective oxidation of H2S in Claus tail-gas over SiC supported NiS2 catalyst

Very high activity and selectivity could be achieved for the direct oxidation of H₂S into elemental sulfur at low reaction temperature (40–60°C), on nickel sulfide supported SiC catalyst. The heterogeneous nature of the support surface (hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas) could explain the important role played by water to maintain a high and stable H₂S conversion level. The formation of a very active superficial nickel oxysulfide phase was proposed in order to explain the activation period necessary at reaction temperatures <60°C. Total selectivity for sulfur was attributed to the very low reaction temperature and the absence of any microporosity in the support.     

超优克劳斯硫回收工艺技术及应用前景

超优克劳斯硫回收工艺是在传统克劳斯工艺基础上开发的硫回收工艺,在硫回收率、尾气达标、装置投资费用等方面更具优势。介绍了超优克劳斯硫回收的工艺原理、技术特点以及国内装置的建设概况;将超优克劳斯与其他硫横回收工艺的相对投资和效益进行了比较。结果表明,该工艺不仅适用于现有克劳斯装置的技术改造,也适用于新建装置;在不改变克劳斯工艺基本特点及没有进一步尾气处理的情况下,可将硫回收率提高到99．4％以上。     

Modeling of Direct H2S Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Reforming Chemical Kinetics

A direct H₂S fueled SOFC model is developed based on Ni‐YSZ/YSZ/YSZ‐LSM button cell test stand. The model considers the detailed reforming chemical processes of H₂S and multi‐physics transport processes in the fuel cell and fuel supply tubes. The model is validated using experimental data. Extensive simulations are performed to study the complicated interactions between multi‐physics transport processes and chemical/electrochemical reactions. The results elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of direct H₂S fueled SOFCs. It is found that suitably increasing the H₂O content in the supplied H₂S fuel can improve SOFC electrochemical performance; high operating temperature may facilitate the reforming of H₂S and improve the electrochemical performance. The sulfur poisoning effect may be mitigated by increasing the H₂O content in the fuel, increasing the operating temperature, decreasing the flow rate, and/or making the cell work at low voltage (or high current) conditions.     

H2S在线分析仪的开发与研究

介绍基于比尔定律开发的H2S在线分析仪。该仪器主要应用于克劳斯硫磺回收系统，替代价格昂贵的进口仪表。     

CATALYTIC PRODUCTION OF ELEMENTAL SULFUR FROM THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF H2S IN THE PRESENCE OF CO2

The feasibility of using a cobalt-molybdenum (Co-Mo) sulfide catalyst that was prepared from a commercial Co-Mo oxide catalyst for the production of elemental sulfur from hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) in a packed bed catalytic reactor was studied. It was demonstrated that the desired sulfide catalyst could be prepared by first reducing, then sulphiding the corresponding oxide. The results showed that the prepared catalyst was capable of producing elemental sulfur from the thermal decomposition of H₂S in the presence of CO₂ over a temperature range of 465-700°C and at atmospheric pressure. A specific rate coefficient was calculated as well as the Arrhenius parameters for the non-equilibrated reaction. The H₂S decomposition reaction was found to be a second order reaction and have an activation energy of 114.4kJ/mol(27.3kcal/mol).     

生物质与煤混合热解过程中H2S的排放特性

选取麦秆、玉米秆、棉秆、杨木屑与无烟煤、烟煤进行H2S排放特性的混合热解实验研究,实验过程中采用热重-色谱-质谱连用技术对混合热解过程中产生的H2S气体进行了在线测量,研究和分析了热解温度和生物质的掺混比例对H2S排放的影响。结果表明：生物质的加入使煤析出H2S提前,随着生物质比例的增加,H2S在更低的温度下有更大的析出速度;生物质对烟煤和无烟煤析出H2S的影响都存在一个温度分界点,在分界点前后有着较大的区别。     

粗合成气净化系统脱硫塔的结构改进及应用

介绍中石油吉林石化公司化肥厂合成气装置脱硫系统生产工艺,由于原料渣油含硫量大幅度提高,装置投运时间长设备存在腐蚀与老化问题,粗合成气脱硫塔无法满足合成气中H2S含量低于5 mg/m3的要求,经改造,脱硫塔出口H2S含量降到2 mg/m3以下,延长了后部氧化锌精脱硫催化剂的使用周期.     

HP40合金在H20／H2和空气中氧化行为的研究

在H2O/H2和空气的状态下,HP40合金试样表面氧化出不同的复合氧化层,对比研究在不同的氧化条件下试件表面氧化物的组成。用XRD、EDS和sEM分别对两种环境下的试样表面氧化层的情况进行了对比分析。结果表明,在H20／H2气氛下,试样表面生成了包含尖晶石的氧化层,随温度的升高,由针状变为颗粒状;在空气条件下,随着温度升高,形成了致密颗粒状富铬氧化物,并且逐渐长大,部分高温氧化下,试样表面氧化层出现了剥落。不同氧化对H蝴表面氧化影响较大,不同金属氧化物在氧分压不同时,表现出稳定性不同。     

Selective Oxidation Catalysis: Opportunities and Challenges

This contribution discusses some aspects crucial for designing optimal and sustainable oxidation processes. The catalyst, although at the heart of the system, is only one decisive design parameter amongst many others. Indeed, an interdisciplinary approach is required to improve existing processes, but also to rationally and systematically access opportunities for oxidation research on renewable feedstock compounds.