论马克思主义中国化过程中的理论创新

马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合本质上是理论创新.理论创新是马克思主义中国化的必然要求.马克思主义中国化所要求的理论创新是为了解决时代课题和现实生活中的新问题、新矛盾的理论创新:是发现了新规律,有了新办法的理论创新;是丰富发展了马克思主义理论宝库,证明了马克思主义强大生命力的理论创新.既要坚持马克思主义基本原理,又要解放思想,说出新话;既要尊重实践、尊重群众,又不囿于实战经验、群众经验的表面;既要借鉴和吸收人类文明的一切优秀成果,又要抵御各种错误思潮的影响和侵蚀是马克思主义中国化理论创新的基本原则和方法.     

高校马克思主义中国化教育的家庭环境问题探论

家庭环境对高校马克思主义中国化教育的影响问题还没有引起学术界的关注,但新时期家庭环境已经客观地发挥着它越来越重要的作用.我们客观地总结了目前对马克思主义中国化教育家庭环境因素认识上的偏颇,分析了家庭环境影响力增强的原因和呈现的特征,探索了借助家庭环境改进高校马克思主义中国化教育的途径.     

如何准确地理解马克思主义中国化

马克思主义中国化有力地推动了中国马克思主义的理论创新.今天在对马克思主义的中国化深入探索中发现的疑问却是不容忽视的,它们甚至可能误导一些人正确理解马克思主义中国化.马克思主义中国化的马克思主义不能统而论之,而应当指出它们中的哪一个需要中国化,不同的马克思主义理论在中国化活动中所要解决的首要任务和核心内容是不同的.就中国化而言,其具体内涵体现在民族化、大众化、政治化等内容上.马克思主义中国化既是实事求是也是"事是求实".马克思主义的中国化不是重建中国传统文化.马克思主义的中国化不是构建中国的大众文化.马克思主义中国化不是清除所谓"官方文化".     

马克思主义中国化与大众化的辩证关系

马克思主义中国化是推进马克思主义大众化的前提和基础,马克思主义大众化是实现马克思主义中国化的目的和归宿.建设中国特色社会主义需要马克思主义中国化与大众化双向互动、相互促进.     

苏共二十大与马克思主义中国化

苏共二十大揭露了苏联斯大林时代各个方面的错误,对内政外交政策进行重大调整,对苏联和其他社会主义国家产生很大影响.中国领导人也反思苏联的问题,开始探索马克思主义中国化道路,在政治、经济等方面进行一系列调整.但是,由于没有从根本上摆脱苏联模式的影响,在建设中也犯了一些错误,如盲目赶超、阶级斗争扩大化等,给中国的社会主义建设造成一定的负面影响.     

为什么要研究马克思主义经济学中国化的问题

近年来马克思主义中国化问题已有许多研究成果,然而在马克思主义经济学中国化问题的研究方面尚任重而道远.实际上,马克思主义经济学中国化早在新中国成立之前老一辈无产阶级革命家及经济学者就已在这个方面有过许多理论与实践方面的探索.然而,他们的成果还有待于进一步挖掘.在当前,马克思主义经济学中国化与马克思主义中国化之间的关系是什么,如何使马克思主义经济学中国化,马克思主义经济学中国化的内涵及发展趋势是什么等等,都需要我们进一步探索.     

国外关于马克思主义中国化的研究综述

许多国外学者认为,马克思主义在中国其实早已"中国化"了.国外关于马克思主义中国化的研究并不一定冠以马克思主义中国化的标题,而是比较倾向于以研究毛泽东、邓小平等代表人物来表达自己的观点.借鉴国外研究,对于我们开阔理论视野,升华对中国化马克思主义的认识具有重要的意义.     

妇女运动对推动马克思主义中国化的作用

从妇女运动雏形谈起,简略的将妇女运动概括为萌芽期、成型期、完善期,并以这三个不同时期入手浅谈妇女运动对马克思主义大众化、中国化、时代化的推动,从而论证妇女运动对马克思主义中国化的推动作用.     

反对本本主义——马克思主义中国化的历史进程

反对本本主义,坚持马克思主义普遍原理与中国国情相结合,这是马克思主义中国化的过程,也是中国共产党人把马克思主义同中国实际相结合,进行革命、建设和改革的伟大实践的过程.实践证明,马克思主义只有与本国国情相结合、与时代发展同进步、与人民群众共命运,才能焕发出强大的生命力、创造力、感召力.在当代中国,坚持中国特色社会主义理论体系,就是真正坚持马克思主义.     

中国共产党推进马克思主义中国化的历史经验

通过对中国共产党推进马克思主义中国化的历史经验的总结和研究,进一步深化对马克思主义中国化理论创新的基本规律的认识,为坚持和发展马克思主义,不断地推进马克思主义中国化提供强有力的理论支撑。     

Metrics for Quantifying the Similarities and Differences between IFC Files

Recently, several papers reported problems in data exchange using industry foundation classes (IFC). However, most comparisons were made based on a visual check, a manual count, and observation of properties that were selectively chosen. This study proposes a set of metrics for quantifying the similarities and differences between IFC files. The proposed metrics include the similarity rate, the matching rate, the globally unique identifier (GUID) preservation rate, the missing rate, and the addition rate. A long-term goal of this study is to develop a set of metrics for quantifying the information exchange rate between two IFC files. Automated identification of modified information versus newly generated information is an unsolved challenge. The proposed metrics were used in analyzing 88 IFC files generated from different systems to demonstrate the potential use of the proposed metrics.     

英汉动物习语比喻形象的异同

通过对英汉语动物习语比喻形象的对比研究,探讨英汉两种语言所负载的文化信息的异同,由此得出结论:在进行跨文化交际时,不仅要准确无误地传达语言信息,更要重视隐含在语言里的文化信息传递。     

Similarities between the martinsitic and cold-worked structures of steels

Abstract

Close analogies existing between the mechanical and physical properties of marten sitic and cold-worked steels are partly due to the high densities of dislocations in both structures. Therefore, a parallelism should exist between the mechanisms of tempering quenched steels and of annealing cold-worked steels.

Extra-low carbon steels permit this parallelism to be established. The three classical stages of tempering in high-carbon steels being negligible in extra-low carbon steels (1,2), the mechanism of tempering the latter steels is rather similar to the mechanism of annealing cold-worked structures and occurs essentially in two stages (3): a progressive restoration interpreted in terms of a rearrangement of dislocations, and a recrystallization responsible for eliminating the remaining ‘excess’ dislocations.

It will be shown that an age-hardening phenomenon interrupts these two stages. It will also be shown by transmission electron microscopy that the above interpretation of the two stages applies well to the tempering of extra-low-carbon steels.

Résumé

Il existe une grande analogie entre les propriétés des aciers martensitiques et celle des aciers écrouis. Si les défauts réticulaires des deux structures sont de même nature, il devrait aussi exister un parallélisme entre le mécanisme du revenu des aciers après trempe et celui du recuit après écrouissage.

On peut utiliser les aciers extra-doux pour établir ce parallélisme. On sait que les réactions hétérogènes observées lors du revenu des aciers à haute teneur en carbone sont négligeables dans de tels aciers (1,2) et que leur revenu, tout comme leur recuit, se déroule essentiellement en deux stades (3): une restoration proprement dit e durant laque lIe se produit un réarrangement des dislocations suivie d'une recristallisation complétant I'élimination des défauts introduits durant la transformation. Dans cette communication, nous montrerons que le premier stade du revenu est interrompu par un phénomène de vieillissement. De plus, l'interprétation précédente des deux stades du revenu après trempe dans le cas des aciers extra-doux sera confirmée par microscopie électronique.     

Similarities between chronic pain and tinnitus

This study was designed to investigate perceptions and metaperceptions of individuals in a mixed sex dating situation in which they were offered alcohol. Male and female participants who were unfamiliar with one another were brought together in individual sessions and asked to imagine that they were on a blind date. At the outset of the 15-minute interaction, they each had an opportunity to select an alcoholic or nonalcoholic drink; after receiving their drink, they interacted privately. At the conclusion of the interaction, participants completed questionnaires that solicited their view of their partner and their perception of their partner's view of them. Results indicate that alcohol expectancies predicted alcoholic beverage selection. When women selected alcohol, they found their partner more likeable; those men whose partner was drinking believed that their partner found them more likeable. Additionally, when both partners were drinking they perceived each other as more extroverted, although they did not think their partner perceived them as extroverted. These results are discussed in terms of implications for further research on the role of alcohol as a cue in a mixed-sex social/dating environment.     

Similarities between pleuropulmonary blastoma and Askin tumor

AIM: The purpose of the study was to determine the risk of postoperative complications and the functional outcome after a hand-sewn ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis using a single J-shaped pouch design. METHODS: Preoperative function, operative morbidity and long-term functional outcome were assessed prospectively in 1310 patients who underwent IPAA between 1981 and 1994 for ulcerative colitis. RESULTS: Three patients died after operation. Postoperative pelvic sepsis rates decreased from 7 per cent in 1981-1985 to 3 per cent in 1991-1994 (P = 0.02). After mean follow-up of 6.5 (range 2-15) years, the mean number of stools was 5 per day and 1 per night. Frequent daytime and nighttime incontinence occurred in 7 and 12 per cent of patients respectively, and did not change over a 10-year period. The cumulative probability of suffering at least one episode of 'clinical' pouchitis was 18 and 48 per cent at 1 and 10 years and the cumulative probability of pouch failure at 1 and 10 years was 2 and 9 per cent respectively. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that increased experience decreases the risk of pouch-related complications and that with time the functional results remain stable, but the failure rate increases.     

Body Image and Eating Disturbances Across Ethnic Groups: More Similarities Than Differences.

Sociocultural models of eating pathology posit that ethnic minority groups should show fewer eating disturbances than Whites. Thus, the authors tested whether there were ethnic differences in eating disorder symptoms and risk factors for eating pathology and whether the relations between risk factors and eating pathology differed across ethnic groups, with data from adolescent and adult females (N = 785). Only 1 of the 14 tests of main effect differences between ethnic groups was significant and none of the 49 tests of whether ethnicity moderated the relations of risk factors to eating pathology were significant. Findings provide little support for the hypothesized ethnic differences in eating disturbances and suggest that ethnic minority groups have reached parity with Whites in this domain. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Building more solid bridges between Buddhism and Western psychology.

Introducing the ways of cultivating mental balance, B. A. Wallace and S. L. Shapiro (see record 2006-12925-003) attempted to build bridges between Buddhism and psychology. Their systematic categorization of Buddhist teachings and extensive review of empirical support from Western psychology are valuable for future study. However, it remains a matter of concern that some more profound parts of Buddhist philosophy can be disregarded by focusing only on practical aspects of Buddhism within the context of mental health. In this comment, the authors briefly address four substantial themes to be considered: reality, identity, causality, and logicality. They suggest that the way to interpret Buddhism as techniques for well-being would certainly be viable in encouraging the study of Buddhist teachings in psychology. Yet, such attempts should not result in superficial imports and applications of Buddhist practices but give due weight to the deeper philosophical issues to build more solid bridges between Buddhism and psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The psychology of politics and the personality: Similarities between fascists and communists.

This paper is a reply to the criticisms leveled by Christie (see 32: 2813) toward Eysenck's research on certain personality traits of communists and fascists. The problems raised by Christie with respect to the sampling and measurement procedures used by Eysenck are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Gender Similarities and Differences in Children's Social Behavior: Finding Personality in Contextualized Patterns of Adaptation.

This research examined how a contextualist approach to personality can reveal social interactional patterns that are obscured by gender comparisons of overall behavior rates. For some behaviors (verbal aggression), girls and boys differed both in their responses to social events and in how often they encountered them, yet they did not differ in overall behavior rates. For other behaviors (prosocial), gender differences in overall rates were observed, yet girls and boys differed more in their social environments than in their responses to events. The results question the assumption that meaningful personality differences must be manifested in overall act trends and illustrate how gender differences in personality can be conceptualized as patterns of social adaptation that are complex and context specific. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Similarities in coronary flow between external counterpulsation and intra-aortic balloon pumping

The ability of external counterpulsation (Cardiassist) and intra-aortic balloon pumping (AVCO) to influence collateral coronary blood flow in ischemic myocardium was measured in anesthetized dogs. Cardiac output and heart rate (atrial pacing) were held constant on right-heart bypass. Both external counterpulsation and balloon pumping augmented peak diastolic pressure (30 mmHg and 38 mmHg, respectively), while mean aortic pressure, peak left-ventricular pressure, left-ventricular end-diastolic pressure, maximum left-ventricular dp/dt, hematocrit, and osmolality remained unchanged. Regional coronary blood flow was measured using 9-mum radioactive microspheres. External counterpulsation and balloon pumping begun immediately following ligation of the left-anterior descending coronary artery significantly increased collateral coronary blood flow 29 +/- 7.5% (SE, P is less than .01) and 20 +/- 8% (P is less than .05), respectively, to ischemic myocardium. This redistribution of collateral coronary blood flow produced by both methods of counterpulsation was primarily to the subepicardial region of the ischemic myocardium. The mechanism responsible for the measured increases in collateral coronary blood flow appears most likely to be an increased pressure gradient produced by diastolic augmentation.