BCH码对自由空间OCDMA系统性能的改善

基于自由空间的信道特性,提出用BCH信道编码来改善自由空间OCDMA系统性能.考虑系统中存在多用户干扰、背景光噪声以及APD接收机噪声的情况下,分析了基于多波长二维光正交码的同步OCDMA系统BCH编码前后的误码率公式,并对采用不同BCH码的系统误码率性能进行了计算机仿真.仿真结果表明,BCH码在降低系统编解码器的复杂度的同时能够有效地增加系统同时容纳的用户数,有效地降低系统对接收光功率的要求.     

二维大气无线光码分多址通信系统

在无线光通信系统中采用光码分多址(OCDMA)技术,可以充分利用其丰富带宽,提高系统性能。考虑背景光噪声、探测器噪声、多用户干扰和大气闪烁等影响因素,给出了二维无线光码分多址(2D-WOCDMA)系统模型,在该模型中采用了脉冲位置调制(PPM)和光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)编解码器。通过数值分析,详细讨论了该无线光通信系统的性能。结果表明,大气闪烁是影响二维无线光码分多址通信系统性能的重要因素,当其对数方差较大时,系统难以实现通信,需要采用诸如多用户检测、信道编码及阵列接收等技术提高系统的性能;二维无线光码分多址通信系统适合采用1550 nm波段;该通信系统还受背景光、雪崩光电二极管(APD)增益和调制消光比等因素的影响。     

脉冲形状对切普异步时域相位OCDMA的影响

采用超抽样序列的非周期互相关函数值,研究了脉冲形状对切普异步时域相位光码分多址(OCDMA)系统性能的影响.在高斯波形的情况下,定量分析了OCDMA系统的差拍噪声和多址干扰.采用码长127的Gold序列,得到了切普异步时域相位OCDMA系统的平均误码率性能.结果表明,光脉冲越窄,码字的非周期相关性能越好,这将降低多址干扰和差拍噪声,改善误码率性能.     

相干光码分多址系统中拍频噪声的影响

随着相位编解码器关键技术的突破,精确分析相位编码光码分多址(OCDMA)系统误码率性能显得十分必要.本文研究了相干光码分多址系统中拍频噪声、多址干扰、散粒噪声和热噪声对系统性能的影响.在充分考虑了干扰信号输入光偏振影响的情况下,根据系统噪声和干扰的矩母函数.采用高斯近似的方法得到误码率的计算公式,并比较了多址干扰和拍频噪声对系统性能的影响.当所有干扰用户与目标用户平行时得到误码率上界;当所有干扰用户与目标用户垂直时得到误码率下界;干扰用户随机偏振时的误码率介于两者之间.结果表明:拍频噪声是影响相干OCDMA系统性能的主要因素;随着接收光功率的增加,干扰信号偏振对系统误码率的影响趋于明显.当系统误码率小于10-10时,误码率随用户数目的增加迅速增加;当误码率大于10-10时,误码率随用户数目的变化缓慢.     

基于大气激光通信仿真系统的纠错码性能比较

针对大气激光信道对光信号衰减极大的特性,提出了一种用Simulink构建的Turbo码系统仿真模型,分别与未采用信道编码和采用卷积编码方案的仿真系统进行了误码率(BER)性能对比,结果显示出了Turbo码在实现低误码率的大气激光信息传输中的优越性,为Turbo码在大气激光通信系统中的应用提供了理论基础.     

异步相干扩时光码分多址系统的干扰性能分析

从码字的非周期互相关函数出发,分析异步相干扩时光码分多址(OCDMA)系统的多址干扰(MAI)和差拍噪声(BN).干扰用户不同的传输时延,非周期互相关强度均值随之变化,差拍噪声和多址干扰也随之变化.给出了差拍噪声和多址干扰与非周期互相关强度均值的关系,讨论了异步相干扩时OCDMA系统的误码率(BER)与非周期互相关强度均值的关系.最后,以码长511的Gold码为例,针对干扰用户之间不同的传输时延,得到了异步相干扩时OCDMA系统的误码率上界与平均误码率性能.在平均误码率情况下,OCDMA系统能支持12个干扰用户,而在最差情况下(误码率上界),系统容纳的干扰用户数不超过4个.     

采用光硬限幅器和RS码的多波长OCDMA性能分析

提出了一种采用多个光硬限幅器和RS信道编码的多波长光码多分址（MW OCDMA）系统,理论分析了其误码率和（BER）和归一化吞吐量性能.结果表明,采用光硬限幅器的MW OCDMA系统BER性能将明显改善,进一步采用RS信道编码后,MW OCDMA系统BER性能将大大改善.另一方面,采用光硬限幅器的MW OCDMA系统的归一化吞吐量明显提高,特别是归一化吞吐量峰值提高了约1倍,但进一步采用RS信道编码后,MW OCDMA系统的归一化吞吐量并没有提高,在系统负载量不是很大的情况下还略有下降.     

基于BCH信道编码的FFH—OCDMA系统

提出用BCH信道编码的方案来降低色散和差拍噪声对快跳频光码分多址（FFH－OCDMA）系统性能的影响。分析了BCH／FFH－OCDMA系统的色散效应，并将色散效应等效为功率衰减因子，得出同时考虑差拍噪声和色散后BCH／FFH－OCDMA系统的误码率性能。结果表明，在相同的信息比特速率、切普间隔和有效波长数的情况下，BCH信道编码能显著改善FFH－OCDMA系统的误码率性能。同时，由于单重合码的长度变短，降低了光纤光栅的制做难度。     

新型的OCDMA系统设计及其在PON中的应用

在研究了快速跳频光码分多址(OCDMA)编/解码原理的基础上,引入了网格编码调制编码增益高的优点,设计了一种新的OCDMA编/解码方案,此方案能有效降低系统中的多用户干扰.针对OCDMA在无源光网络中的应用,讨论了该方案对系统性能的改善.     

基于混合遗传算法的OCDMA系统多用户信息侦听技术的研究

利用混合遗传算法对异步光码分多址(OCDMA)系统进行多用户信息侦听。通过多址干扰消除技术降低所得多用户信息的误码率,达到有效获取用户信息的目的。提出了加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)条件下异步OCDMA系统中多用户信息传输的数学模型,探讨混合遗传算法在多用户信息侦听中的应用,利用MATLAB软件完成多用户信息侦听的仿真分析。仿真结果表明,在计算复杂度增加不大的情况下,采用混合遗传算法可有效地实现对异步OCDMA多用户系统的信息侦听。     

Performance analysis of atmospheric optical PPM CDMA systems

We propose atmospheric optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. We analyze the bit-error rate of the proposed system using pulse-position modulation (PPM) with considering the effects of the scintillation, avalanche photodiode noise, thermal noise, and multi-user interference. We show that the atmospheric optical CDMA systems can realize high-speed communications when the logarithm variance of the scintillation is small. When /spl sigma//sub s//sup 2/ is large, we need to use forward-error correction codes.     

BER Performance Analysis of Spectral Phase-Encoded Optical Atmospheric PPM-CDMA Communication Systems

We propose spectral phase-encoded optical atmospheric (OA) code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems with pulse-position modulation (PPM) and theoretically analyze the bit error rates (BERs). We compare the BERs of the proposed system to those of time-encoded OA-PPM-CDMA systems at the same bit rate and chip rate. We show that, even if the proposed spectral phase-encoded OA-PPM-CDMA system is equipped with no mitigation techniques of multiple access interference (MAI) and scintillation, the proposed system achieves lower BERs than both time-encoded OA-PPM-CDMA systems, both with and without a mitigation technique of MAI/scintillation, due to its higher code spreading gain and higher tolerance to noise.     

A performance analysis of optical overlapping PPM-CDMAcommunication systems

Direct-detection optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems employing overlapping pulse-position modulation (OPPM) schemes are proposed. Both upper and lower hounds on the bit error rate (BER) are derived taking into account the effect of both multiple-user interference and receiver shot noise. The photodiodes' dark currents are neglected since their effect is minor. The throughput limitation of this system is evaluated as well. Performance characteristics are then compared to optical CDMA systems employing traditional ON-OFF keying (OOK) and pulse-position modulation (PPM) schemes. It is shown that under fixed data rate and chip time, OPPM-CDMA system superperforms both traditional systems. Moreover, it is shown that the throughput limitation of OPPM-CDMA is almost 6.7 times greater than that of OOK-CDMA     

Chip-level detection in optical code division multiple access

A new detector for optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communication systems is proposed. This detector is called the chip-level receiver. Both ON-OFF keying (OOK) and pulse-position modulation (PPM) schemes, that utilize this receiver, are investigated in this paper. For OOK, an exact bit error rate is evaluated taking into account the effect of both multiple-user interference and receiver shot noise. An upper bound on the bit error probability for pulse-position modulation (PPM)-CDMA system is derived under the above considerations. The effect of both dark current and thermal noises is neglected in our analysis. Performance comparisons between chip-level, correlation, and optimum receivers are also presented. Both correlation receivers with and without an optical hardlimiter are considered. Our results demonstrate that significant improvement in the performance is gained when using the chip-level receiver in place of the correlation one. Moreover the performance of the chip-level receiver is asymptotically close to the optimum one. Nevertheless, the complexity of this receiver is independent of the number of users, and therefore, much more practical than the optimum receiver     

Performance of APD-based, PPM free-space optical communication systems in atmospheric turbulence

In this paper, we characterize the performance of a direct-detection, avalanche photodiode-based free-space optical (FSO) communication system in terms of the overall bit-error rate. The system of interest uses pulse-position modulation (PPM) and is subjected to scintillation due to optical turbulence. Two scenarios are considered. In one case, a weak turbulence (clear-air) scenario is considered, for which the received signal intensity may be modeled as a log-normal random process. In the other case, we consider a negative exponentially distributed received signal intensity. To arrive at the desired results, it is assumed that the system uses a binary PPM (BPPM) modulation scheme. Furthermore, it is assumed that the receiver thermal noise is nonnegligible, and that the average signal intensity is large enough to justify a Gaussian approximation at the receiver. Union bound is used to assess the performance of M-ary PPM systems using the results of the BPPM scenario. Numerical results are presented for the BPPM case to shed light on the impact of turbulence on the overall performance.     

A comparison between the performance of number-state andcoherent-state optical CDMA in lossy photon channels

The performance of optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communication systems utilizing number-state light field is evaluated. Lossy direct-detection optical channels are assumed. Both on-off keying (OOK) and pulse-position modulation (PPM) schemes are investigated. For OOK, the exact bit error rate is evaluated taking into account the effect of both multiple-user interference and transmission loss. Upper and lower bounds on the bit error probability for PPM-CDMA systems are derived under the above considerations. The effect of both background and thermal noise is neglected in our analysis. Performance comparison between the number-state and coherent-state OOK/PPM-CDMA networks is also presented. Our results demonstrate that the number-state system requires less than half the energy consumed by the coherent-state one in order to attain the same performance. Lower bounds on the maximum number of simultaneous users are derived for both number- and coherent-state PPM-CDMA systems with asymptotically zero error rate     

Turbo-coded optical PPM communication systems

A number of parallel concatenated convolutionally coded (PCCC) photon communication systems is introduced and investigated. It is assumed that the optical channel is an intensity modulated (IM) channel and that the received optical signal is detected using a direct-detection (DD) scheme. Two modes of operation are considered. In one scenario, it is assumed that the receiver is limited by shot noise (i.e., negligible receiver thermal noise, or Poisson channel). In the other case, we consider a nonnegligible receiver thermal noise where an avalanche photodetector (APD) is employed to detect the received optical signal. It is also considered that the modulation scheme is the binary pulse-position modulation (PPM). With the aid of the best available upper bounds, the performance of the rate 1/n PCCC encoded optical PPM systems is assessed in terms of the upper bound on the system bit error rate (BER) for the shot-noise-limited IM/DD systems with nonnegligible background noise and for the thermal-noise-limited systems with APD detectors when a uniform interleaver is used. Numerical results for the rate 1/3 PCCC encoded PPM channels are presented. The numerical results demonstrate the enormous potential of this novel coding scheme in enhancing the performance of the aforementioned optical channels by a sizeable margin across the board     

Cochannel interference reduction in optical PPM-CDMA systems

A multiple-user interference reduction technique is proposed for optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. Data symbols from each user are encoded using a pulse-position modulation (PPM) scheme before multiplexing. Modified prime sequences are adopted as the signature codes in the multiplexing process. An interesting property of this code is the uniformity of the cross correlation among its sequences. This property is the main key in constructing the multiple-access interference canceler. In addition to its simplicity, this canceler offers a great improvement in the error probability as compared to the system without cancellation. A simple modification to this canceler that enhances its performance is proposed as well