底座板伸缩刚度对大跨度连续梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道纵向力的影响

在结构特点分析的基础上,考虑层间传力关系和横向相邻股道的影响,建立了大跨度连续梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道纵向力计算的空间一体化模型和求解方法。计算分析了列车制动和温度变化作用下底座板伸缩刚度对大跨度连续梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道纵向力的影响规律,结果表明：列车制动和温度变化作用下系统纵向力变化规律相同,随着底座板伸缩刚度降低,钢轨和桥梁墩台纵向力增加,复合板、剪力齿槽和端刺纵向力减小。     

Elastic-plastic seismic response of CRTS II slab ballastless track system on high-speed railway bridges

China railways track structure II (CRTS II) slab ballastless track on bridge is one kind of track structures unique to China. Its main bearing component of longitudinal force is the continuous base plate rather than rail. And the track-bridge interaction is weakened by the sliding layer installed between base plate and bridge deck. In order to study the dynamic response of CRTS II slab ballastless track on bridge under seismic action, a 3D nonlinear dynamic model for simply-supported bridges and CRTS II track was established, which considered structures such as steel rail, fasteners, track plate, mortar layer, base plate, sliding layer, bridge, consolidation, anchors, stoppers, etc. Then its force and deformation features under different intensities of seismic excitation were studied. As revealed, the seismic response of the system increases with the increase of seismic intensity. The peak stresses of rail, track plate and base plate all occur at the abutment or anchors. Both track plate and base plate are about to crack. Besides, the rapid relative displacement between base plate and bridge deck due to the small friction coefficient of sliding layer is beneficial to improve the seismic performance of the system. During the earthquake, a large vertical displacement appears in base plate which leads to frequent collisions between stoppers and base plate, as a result, stoppers may be damaged.     

Effects of fundamental factors on coupled vibration of wind-rail vehicle-bridge system for long-span cable-stayed bridge

In a wind-vehicle-bridge(WVB) system,there are various interactions among wind,vehicle and bridge.The mechanism for coupling vibration of wind-vehicle-bridge systems is explored to demonstrate the effects of fundamental factors,such as mean wind,fluctuating wind,buffeting,rail irregularities,light rail vehicle vibration and bridge stiffness.A long cable-stayed bridge which carries light rail traffic is regarded as a numerical example.Firstly,a finite element model is built for the long cable-stayed bridge.The deck can generally be idealized as three-dimensional spine beam while cables are modeled as truss elements.Vehicles are modeled as mass-spring-damper systems.Rail irregularities and wind fluctuation are simulated in time domain by spectrum representation method.Then,aerodynamic loads on vehicle and bridge deck are measured by section model wind tunnel tests.Eight vertical and torsional flutter derivatives of bridge deck are identified by weighting ensemble least-square method.Finally,dynamic responses of the WVB system are analyzed in a series of cases.The results show that the accelerations of the vehicle are excited by the fluctuating wind and the track irregularity to a great extent.The transverse forces of wheel axles mainly depend on the track irregularity.The displacements of the bridge are predominantly determined by the mean wind and restricted by its stiffness.And the accelerations of the bridge are enlarged after adding the fluctuating wind.     

高速铁路双块式无砟轨道车辆荷载动态传递特征

为研究车辆荷载在无砟轨道中的传递特征,建立车辆-双块式无砟轨道耦合动力学模型,对车辆荷载在无砟轨道主体结构内的动应力和振动加速度传递规律进行研究,并对行车速度、结构尺寸及层间接触状态等影响因素进行分析. 结果表明:车辆荷载的主承载区分布在道床板内,垂向动应力峰值在0.1 m深度之内衰减73%;车辆荷载的主振动区主要分布在道床板内并传递至支承层,垂向加速度峰值在0.1 m深度之内衰减89%;轨道结构动态受力及振动响应均随行车速度的增加而增大;适当减少轨道结构宽度,对其受力和振动特性影响较小. 无砟轨道结构层间插入隔离层,可减小轮轨动力响应及轨道结构动态受力,但结构层间垂向加速度明显增大,插入弹性层,可减小钢轨垂向加速度,但对轮轨动力响应、道床板和支承层动态受力及振动特性影响较小. 所得结论可为无砟轨道设计和优化提供理论参考.     

连续梁桥上CRTS双块式无砟轨道疲劳特性

为探讨梁轨非线性互制作用下连续梁桥上双块式无砟轨道系统静动力荷载下结构响应,预测桥上无砟轨道结构的疲劳寿命,基于梁轨相互作用原理与车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合动力学原理,以昌景黄铁路某(40+64+40)m连续梁为研究对象,采用有限元方法建立了考虑桥梁、支座、底座板、道床板、扣件和钢轨等构件及结构层间非线性约束的连续梁-CRTS双块式无砟轨道的一体化空间分析模型,研究列车静活载作用下桥梁、道床板、底座板及钢轨的动力响应特性与无缝线路纵向力分布规律,分析连续梁桥上无砟轨道结构疲劳特性。结果表明：温度荷载作用下钢轨最大压应力位于连续梁两端,最大拉应力位于桥梁跨中;竖向荷载作用下钢轨最大拉应力位于连续梁桥墩,最大压应力位于桥梁跨中;制动荷载作用下钢轨拉、压应力极值均位于桥梁桥墩;钢轨纵向力由温度荷载控制,最大应力为143.1 MPa,满足规范要求;列车动载作用下,简支梁和连续梁上钢轨最大拉、压应力相当,道床板最大拉应力出现在连续梁跨中限位凹槽附近,其板底拉应力大于板顶,底座板最大拉应力出现在连续梁主墩附近,且板顶和板底的拉、压应力基本相同;列车动载作用下,钢轨最易破坏处寿命约27.1 a,道床板和底...     

基础刚度突变对双块式无砟轨道振动的影响

为了研究基础刚度突变对双块式无砟轨道垂向振动的影响,运用通用有限元软件ANSYS建立了双块式无砟轨道垂向动力学有限元模型.分析了模拟列车荷载通过5种不同基础刚度比时,无砟轨道结构的垂向振动响应.结果表明:基础刚度突变和列车行车速度对无砟轨道结构垂向振动的影响十分显著,为了保证列车平稳运行和减缓轨道结构的破坏,需在基础刚度突变处设置过渡段.     

高速铁路板式轨道参数与动力特性的研究

运用板式轨道-路基系统半空间垂向耦合的动力计算模型,研究了高速铁路板式轨道的动力特性,探讨了板式轨道的CA砂浆垫层厚度和扣件刚度对系统动力性能的影响规律。扣件、轨下胶垫和CA砂浆层的弹性、阻尼特性对轨道及轨下结构动力性能的影响极大,减少扣件或轨下胶垫的刚度、增加CA砂浆层的厚度,可改善板式轨道的动力学性能。     

大跨度桥梁钢桥面板跨尺度疲劳损伤评估方法

大跨度斜拉桥正交异性钢桥面板的顶板与纵肋焊接构造细节在车辆荷载作用下易产生疲劳损伤进而导致服役性能降低、影响行车安全。为评估大跨度桥梁钢桥面板的疲劳性能,提出基于细观损伤力学的大跨度钢桥疲劳损伤跨尺度评估方法;推导了基于细观损伤力学的钢桥面板疲劳损伤演化模型,在此基础上,结合实测交通数据,实现了基于Monte-Carlo法的随机车流模拟;最后,将提出的方法应用于一座大跨度三塔斜拉桥。研究结果表明,大跨度斜拉桥钢桥面板体系焊缝周围区域的累积疲劳损伤程度明显高于桥面板体系的其他部位;顶板与纵肋焊接构造细节的疲劳损伤累积呈现明显的非线性,预测的疲劳寿命远小于Miner线性疲劳损伤累积准则的结果。     

Dynamic analysis and modal test of long-span cable-stayed bridge based on ambient excitation

To study the stiffness distribution of girder and the method to identify modal parameters of cable-stayed bridge, a simplified dynamical finite element method model named three beams model was established for the girder with double ribs. Based on the simplified model four stiffness formulae were deduced according to Hamilton principle. These formulae reflect well the contribution of the flexural, shearing, free torsion and restricted torsion deformation, respectively. An identification method about modal parameters was put forward by combining method of peak value and power spectral density according to modal test under ambient excitation. The dynamic finite element method analysis and modal test were carried out in a long-span concrete cable-stayed bridge. The results show that the errors of frequencies between theoretical analysis and test results are less than 10% mostly, and the most important modal parameters for cable-stayed bridge are determined to be the longitudinal floating mode, the first vertical flexural mode and the first torsional mode, which demonstrate that the method of stiffness distribution for three beams model is accurate and method to identify modal parameters is effective under ambient excitation modal test.     

Evaluation of vehicle-track-bridge interacted system for the continuous CRTS-II non-ballast track slab

Considering the CRTS-II track slab, which is commonly used in the Chinese high-speed railway system, a vehicle-track-bridge dynamic analysis method is proposed in which the vehicle subsystem equations are established by the rigid body dynamics method, the track subsystem and the bridge subsystem equations are established by the FEM, the wheel-rail contact relation is defined by the corresponding assumption in vertical direction and the Kalker linear creep theory in lateral direction. The in-span spring element is derived to model the track-bridge interaction; the equal-band-width storage is adopted to fit the track structure with multilayer uniform section beam; and the dynamic equilibrium equations are solved by the inter-history iteration method. As a case study, the response of a CRH2 high-speed train transverses a simply-supported bridge with successive 31.5 m double bound pre-stress beams is simulated. The result shows that using the vehicle-track-bridge interaction model instead of the vehicle-bridge interaction model helps predict the rotation angle at beam ends and choose an economic beam vertical stiffness.     

Rheda2000型无碴轨道道床板疲劳寿命分析

通常国内无碴轨道设计中不进行疲劳损伤设计,而实际情况中道床板结构承受轮轨垂向力荷载等循环荷载作用,极有可能在其使用年限内产生疲劳损伤,故对道床板的疲劳损伤及其使用寿命进行研究有着非常重要的意义．本文主要阐述了利用S—N曲线（又称Wholer曲线）法对国内设计中24m单孔箱梁上Rheda2000型无碴轨道道床板进行疲劳寿命预测分析．     

大跨高墩城市轨道交通斜拉桥车辆走行性研究

以大跨高墩城市轨道交通斜拉桥为工程背景,基于通用有限元软件ANSYS,建立空间杆系模型。计算得到了3种桥型方案在不同状态下的结构刚度,并对比分析了其刚度产生差异的原因。采用自主研发桥梁科研分析软件BAN-SYS,计算分析了不同荷载工况下的车-桥耦合系统的振动特点;同时考虑风对结构的作用,对不同风速下的风-车-桥系统进行了计算分析。研究所得结论可为方案比选及设计优化等提供依据,为类似桥梁的设计提供参考。     

大跨径PC斜拉桥地震响应非线性分析

基于大跨径桥梁地震反应分析方法,建立了斜拉桥动力分析空间有限元模型.考虑了几何非线性对结构动力特性及地震响应的影响,以一座大跨径预应力混凝土斜拉桥为研究对象,采用直接积分法对该桥进行了地震非线性时程分析.根据该桥的方案设计,比较了两种塔梁连接方式下结构的动力特性,分析了桩土作用效应对结构地震响应的影响.计算结果表明:在大跨径斜拉桥抗震设计时,应考虑桩土相互作用的影响;人工拟合地震动和相近场地实测地震动记录的计算结果相差较大,在抗震复核中应取最不利荷载作用.     

轨道刚度不平顺对高速车-轨-桥系统振动的影响

轨道刚度不平顺从轨面上难以区分,当列车通过时则会产生巨大的轮轨冲击或轨道变形,严重影响系统的安全平稳运营。针对该问题,首先解析推导了轨道刚度不平顺的数学表达式,并基于列车-轨道-桥梁动力相互作用理论建立了高速列车-板式轨道-轨桥耦合动力学模型;在此基础上从时域和频域角度研究了常规型轨道刚度不平顺对系统的影响;并以扣件失效为例,研究了缺陷型轨道刚度不平顺对系统动态特性的影响规律。结果表明:轨道刚度不平顺对系统振动有明显影响;轮轨力、轮对加速度及构架沉浮加速度等列车振动响应明显,表现出扣件间距及轨道板长度的周期性影响;在所考察的指标中,构架点头加速度对轨道刚度不平顺最为敏感;当考虑结构弹性后,轨道板边缘位置处的振动较板中位置处的振动大,两位置处钢轨加速度幅值比为1.17,而轨道板的加速度比值则达到了2.2;常规型轨道刚度不平顺主要引起结构周期振动,可能导致系统共振,加速结构损伤;缺陷型轨道刚度不平顺会造成轮轨冲击,严重时导致轮轨垂向力和轮重减载率超标,威胁行车安全;列车在250~350 km/h之间速度运行时,失效扣件的数量最多为1个。     

大跨斜拉桥拉索安全性能加固方案

针对传统设计允许斜拉桥换索,但对拉索突然断裂时的结构动力响应认识还比较模糊这一现状,以某特大桥为主要研究背景,利用ANSYS通用有限元程序对斜拉索断裂损伤的动力模拟方法进行了研究,提出了全动力模拟方法,分析了该桥如果突然断裂一根或几根斜拉索给桥梁整体结构性能上带来的影响.仿真结果表明,如果在塔根附近不出现连续三对拉索同时突然断裂的情况,即使其他位置三对拉索连续突然断裂,整个结构也不会有安全问题,为千米级斜拉桥的管理和养护提供了支持.     

地震动扭转分量对大跨度斜拉桥易损性影响

由于采用现有方法较难获取地震动扭转分量,当前研究往往忽略了扭转分量对大跨度桥梁结构地震响应的影响,然而由于大跨度桥梁的长周期、跨度大等原因导致其往往易发生扭转破坏,现有的研究针对这一方面是十分匮乏的。本文为定量、准确的展现地震动扭转分量的作用效应,以某大跨度斜拉桥为例,采用正态分布拉丁超立方抽样方法,基于OpenSees建立了考虑地震动强度不确定性、材料参数不确定性的15个斜拉桥有限元模型。从PEER地震数据库中选取了15组三向平动、含脉冲效应的近场地震动记录,利用弹性波动理论中的频域法根据地震动平动分量获取相应的扭转分量,并以此分为两种工况对结构进行非线性动力时程分析得到桥梁地震响应。其后,在确定损伤指标的基础上,基于概率需求分析法绘制了桥梁关键构件的地震易损性曲线。结果表明：地震动扭转分量对大跨度斜拉桥易损性影响显著,损伤变化程度与构件种类、损伤方位均有明显相关性。其中桥塔中部截面对地震动扭转分量的敏感程度最高,扭转分量所导致的损伤概率增幅高达22.12%。扭转分量亦对塔底截面和边墩底截面(横桥向)具有较高破坏作用,损伤概率增幅最大值分别达到17.33%和19.45%。针对主梁及其纵向约束构件,地震动扭转分量则使其损伤概率略有降低。     

高速列车随机激振载荷无砟轨道路基的动应力分布规律

相较于传统的列车-轨道-路基整体耦合三维有限元模型,提出一种优化处理列车荷载的方法,基于多体系统动力学理论建立列车-轨道垂向耦合模型,并通过数值计算得到考虑了轨道随机不平顺条件下的轮轨激振载荷,随后利用二次开发子程序将轮轨载荷导入无砟轨道-路基-天然地基土非线性数值分析三维有限元模型,在此基础上研究分析高速移动荷载作用...     

三主桁连续板桁组合桥空间计算方法研究

针对三主桁连续板桁组合桥的构造特点,通过构造结合梁单元的位移模式,利用势能原理推导结合梁单元的刚度矩阵,提出2种结合梁法,结合梁法一的特点是把桥面板作为主桁架弦杆的上翼缘并与主桁架弦杆形成钢-混结合梁,结合梁法二的特点是把桥面板作为纵、横梁的上翼缘并与纵、横梁形成钢-混结合梁;而常规的板梁组合法的特点是桥面板为连续各向同性的薄板并与纵、横梁组成桥面系共同承受荷载;并通过试验结果与理论结果的比较分析验证了3种空间计算方法的有效性及结果的正确性。     

应用碳纤维索的大跨度斜拉桥静力学特性分析

为了验证碳纤维拉索在大跨度斜拉桥中的应用可能性,以跨度1 400 m的钢斜拉桥设计模型为对象,用三维非线性计算理论分析了碳纤维拉索斜拉桥的承载能力、静力抗风特性以及使用荷载作用下的力学行为.通过与同跨度钢索斜拉桥比较,讨论了碳纤维拉索对大跨度斜拉桥静力学特性的影响.分析结果表明,(1)由于拉索没有屈服点,在极限状态下可以分担比较多的竖向荷载,桥梁的极限承载能力有所提高;(2)具有同样的抗风稳定性;(3)在正常使用条件下的最不利压缩应力基本上一致;(4)竖向变形刚度有所下降.     

大跨斜拉桥的动力计算模型和动力特性的分析及研究

基于有限元方法，以南京长江二桥南汊桥为例，对大跨径斜拉桥结构的空间动力计算模型进行研究，针对斜拉桥的各个结构部分建立不同的计算模型，然后进行动力特性计算和分析。