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整流机组节能技术改造总结

介绍了整流机组的技术改造内容。通过改造,提高了装备技术水平,简化了操作,提高了供电的平稳性和安全性;降低了电力损耗;节约了能源。     

焙烧炉燃烧系统油改天然气研究与应用

介绍了炭素焙烧炉燃烧系统由燃油改为天然气的过程,以及使用效果和效益分析,真正实现了清洁生产,达到了理想的节能效果,改善了工艺水平、降低了生产成本、提高了生产效率、净化了工作环境。     

物料自我粉碎技术初探

对球磨机的研磨进行了研究，提出了物料自我粉碎，降低了研磨成本，提高了研磨效率，既保证了料浆质量又节约了电耗。     

用磷酸进行活性炭后处理的探讨

本文介绍了用磷酸代替盐酸进行活性炭酸洗的方法,该法避免了环境污染,简化了工艺过程,改善了劳动环境,降低了产品成本,提高了产品质量。     

焙烧炉燃烧系统油改天然气研究与应用

介绍了炭素焙烧炉燃烧系统由燃油改为天然气的过程以及使用效果和效益分析,通过改造真正实现了清洁生产,达到了节能效果,改善了工艺水平,降低了生产成本,提高了生产效率,净化了工作环境。     

汽车内饰转向护板注塑模设计

本文基于CAD/CAE技术对汽车内饰件转向护板注塑模具进行了设计。运用Pro/E软件对模具进行了三维设计,使用Moldflow对模具进行了CAE分析,优化了浇口位置,合理设计了排气槽,提高了设计效率,创新了塑料模具设计方式。根据产品结构,采用动模中心凸起布局,应用斜顶机构实现侧抽芯,简化了模具结构,提高了模具设计质量,降低了制造成本。     

石油化工企业氢气综合利用

分析了连续重整装置与液相本体聚丙烯装置通过技术改造及操作方案调整,实现了氢气相互综合利用,有效降低了装置能耗和加工成本,减少了污染物排放,达到了能源综合利用,取得了良好的经济效益,实现了循环经济、环保经济。     

硫铁矿渣冷却滚筒的改进

阐述了原硫铁矿渣冷却洋滚筒的缺陷,分析了故障原因,并从设计、制造、安装三方面作了改进。实施后,输送能力满足了生产要求,延长了运行周期,降低了检修费用,保证了正常生产。     

升降搅拌减速机性能改进

改造设计了升降搅拌减速机，使润滑方式更加合理，增加了扭矩，提高了强度，减少了磨损，性能更加完善，减少了维修费用，延长了运转周期。     

Glyceride isomerizations in lipid chemistry

Isomerization of isopropylidene glycerol ketals and benzylidene glycerol acetals was studied, and isoraerization equilibria were established. Reaction of benzaldehyde with glycerol gave four benzylidene glycerol isomers, which were separated by column chromatography and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and other methods. Isomerization of 1- and 2-monoglycerides and of 1,2- and 1,3-diglycerides, and their separation by column chromatography, are described. Mechanisms of isomerization in mono- and diglycerides and factors which affect them are discussed. Isomerization of 1- and 2-glycerophosphates and of cyclic glycerophosphates by acid and base was also studied. Hydrolysis products of L-3-glycerylphosphorylcholine and 2-glycerylphosphorylcholine were separated by column chromatography and characterized by periodic acid oxidation, optical rotation, and NMR spectroscopy. No isomerization of unhydrolyzed L-3-glycerylphosphorylcholine and 2-glycerylphosphorylcholine was observed. Evidence indicated that acid-catalyzed hydrolyses of phosphoglycerides are under thermodynamic control whereas most base-catalyzed hydrolyses are under kinetic control.     

MSDS与化工企业的国际接轨

化学品安全说明书(ＭＳＤＳ)和化学品安全注意事项商标警语(Ｗａｒｎｉｎｇ Ｌａｂｅｌ)是化工企业融入全球经济的重要法律规范,是化工产品出口北美和国内销售的通行证,是化工企业必须掌握的国际法律规范。本文论述了编制和应用ＭＳＤＳ、Ｗａｒｎｉｎｇ Ｌａｂｅｌ的重要性以及ＭＳＤＳ和ＷａｒｎｉｎｇＬａｂｅｌ的内容和要求     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Annona squamosa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Catunaregam nilotica</Emphasis> Seeds,the Effect of the Extraction Method on the Oil Composition

Annona squamosa and Catunaregam nilotica seeds and oils were characterized for their approximate analysis and physico-chemical properties. The oil and protein contents were 26.8, 17.5 and 40.0, 22.2%, in A. squamosa and C. nilotica seeds, respectively. The oils were extracted using cold extraction (CE) and Soxhlet extraction (SE) methods. Fatty acids and tocopherols were determined by GC–MS and HPLC, respectively. Generally the physico-chemical properties and fatty acids were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the extraction methods. The major fatty acids of A. squamosa oil extracted by CE and SE were oleic 49.2 and 50.5%, linoleic 22.3 and 22.7%, palmitic 15.6 and 15.2%, and stearic 10.6 and 9.3%, respectively. While the major fatty acids in C. nilotica oil extracted by CE and SE were oleic 10.5, and 10.4%, linoleic 63.1 and 63.4%, palmitic 9.7 and 9.8% and stearic 5.1 and 5.4%, respectively. The tocopherol content of CE and SE extracted oils from A. squamosa amounted to 16.6 and 15.5 and from C. nilotica amounted to 110.5 and 107.7 mg/100 g oil, respectively, with delta-tocopherol as the predominant tocopherol in A. squamosa oil, and beta-tocopherol in C. nilotica oil. The total amount of amino acids was found to be 7.266 and 14.202 g/100 g protein, in seeds of A. squamosa and C. nilotica, respectively.     

Analysis of Calotropis gigantea,Acacia Caesia and Abelmoschus Ficulneus seeds

The percentage contents of oil and protein in the seeds of Calotropis gigantea Linn. (Asclepiadaceae), Acacia caesia Willd., syn. A. intsia (Leguminosae) and Abelmoschus ficulneus Wight & Arm., syn. Hibiscus ficulneus Linn. (Malvaceae) were 30.8, 8.8 and 14.4, and 19.0, 11.7 and 20.0, respectively. The major fatty acid was 18:1 in C. gigantea and 18:2 in the other two seeds oils. Malvalic, sterculic and dihydrosterculic acids were present in small quantities in A. ficulneus seed oil. The major essential amino acids in the seed proteins were phenylalanine, lysine and histidine in C. gigantea, threonine and arginine in A. caesia and lysine and phenylalanine in A. ficulneus.     

The use of liposomes in the modification of polycaprolactone fibers

Polycaprolactone is fully bioresorbable and biocompatible material. Liposomes containing nanocopper, nanosilver, and nanogold are known to have antifungal and antibacterial properties and to further aid in the synthesis of collagen and elastin in the skin. It is possible to combine the properties of polycaprolactone fibers and liposomes in new approaches to deliver active substances through cosmetics and medicines. The aim of the research was to examine the possibility of simple modification of PCL fibers with use of nanocopper, nanogold, and nanosilver incorporated liposomes. The size and the type of the liposomes were examined using optical microscopy and DLS techniques. The fibres modified with liposomes were investigated using SEM and FTIR techniques. Additionally the contact angle measurements were performed. The study shows an innovative method of modifying polycaprolactone nonwoven textiles. This combination of PCL fibers and liposomes allows easy and efficient preparation and delivery of active substances to a particular location. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43299.     

Ethical issues in biotechnologies and international trade

Natural and physical sciences are based on determinable facts. What is ethical, as distinct from illegal, is largely a matter of opinion. Scientific and industrial activities related to ancient and modern biotechnologies are among the most critically scrutinised for ethical probity by social activists and journalists. The practices and products of biotechnologies should be judged both deontologically – by motivation and intention, and teleologically – by determinable consequence. Bioethical criteria have been proposed by governments, medical practitioners and philosophers for many centuries. During the past decade, various scientifically competent organisations, national and international, have formulated comprehensive protocols by which to determine effectiveness and safety of novel foods, pharmaceuticals and other biologicals, including those derived from genetically modified organisms. Means and opportunities by which to satisfy the health and nutritional needs of impoverished nations and communities differ significantly from those who enjoy greater affluence. It is distinctly unethical for Europeans and North Americans, whose food and health securities are not at risk, to impose their ethical predilections on poorer nations. Equally reprehensible are the diverse tariff and non‐tariff barriers to equitable international trade, and acts of biopiracy inflicted upon poorer nations. As a wise Asian sage has observed, the planet's resources and scientific ingenuity are sufficient to satisfy everyone's need, but not everyone's greed. Present and predictable world‐wide demand for bioscientists and bioengineers exceeds best estimates of supply. Systematically planned, long‐term investments by governments and bioindustries to generate adequate qualified men and women are urgently needed. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry.     

Enzymes-Assisted Extraction of Plants for Sustainable and Functional Applications

The scientific community and industrial companies have discovered significant enzyme applications to plant material. This rise imparts to changing consumers’ demands while searching for ‘clean label’ food products, boosting the immune system, uprising resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases, and climate change challenges. First, enzymes were used for enhancing production yield with mild and not hazardous applications. However, enzyme specificity, activity, plant origin and characteristics, ratio, and extraction conditions differ depending on the goal. As a result, researchers have gained interest in enzymes’ ability to cleave specific bonds of macroelements and release bioactive compounds by enhancing value and creating novel derivatives in plant extracts. The extract is enriched with reducing sugars, phenolic content, and peptides by disrupting lignocellulose and releasing compounds from the cell wall and cytosolic. Nonetheless, depolymerizing carbohydrates and using specific enzymes form and release various saccharides lengths. The latest studies show that oligosaccharides released and formed by enzymes have a high potential to be slowly digestible starches (SDS) and possibly be labeled as prebiotics. Additionally, they excel in new technological, organoleptic, and physicochemical properties. Released novel derivatives and phenolic compounds have a significant role in human and animal health and gut-microbiota interactions, affecting many metabolic pathways. The latest studies have contributed to enzyme-modified extracts and products used for functional, fermented products development and sustainable processes: in particular, nanocellulose, nanocrystals, nanoparticles green synthesis with drug delivery, wound healing, and antimicrobial properties. Even so, enzymes’ incorporation into processes has limitations and is regulated by national and international levels.     

Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in Sustainable Agriculture: Advantages and Limitations

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are significant groups of probiotic organisms in fermented food and are generally considered safe. LAB regulate soil organic matter and the biochemical cycle, detoxify hazardous chemicals, and enhance plant health. They are found in decomposing plants, traditional fermented milk products, and normal human gastrointestinal and vaginal flora. Exploring LAB identified in unknown niches may lead to isolating unique species. However, their classification is quite complex, and they are adapted to high sugar concentrations and acidic environments. LAB strains are considered promising candidates for sustainable agriculture, and they promote soil health and fertility. Therefore, they have received much attention regarding sustainable agriculture. LAB metabolites promote plant growth and stimulate shoot and root growth. As fertilizers, LAB can promote biodegradation, accelerate the soil organic content, and produce organic acid and bacteriocin metabolites. However, LAB show an antagonistic effect against phytopathogens, inhibiting fungal and bacterial populations in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere. Several studies have proposed the LAB bioremediation efficiency and detoxification of heavy metals and mycotoxins. However, LAB genetic manipulation and metabolic engineered tools provide efficient cell factories tailor-made to produce beneficial industrial and agro-products. This review discusses lactic acid bacteria advantages and limitations in sustainable agricultural development.     

果蓬类原料致密成型特征及其机制炭质量分析

以山核桃、油茶和板栗3类果蓬为原料,研究了此类原料与杉木、松木屑在不同配比条件下对果蓬类致密成型特征及其机制炭质量的影响。证实了果蓬类原料因纤维素含量、木质素含量与杉木、松木存在差异,且因较高的灰分含量限制,需与杉木或松木屑等原料在一定配比条件下才可实现良好的致密成型。而配比选择试验结果则表明,果蓬原料与杉木、松木屑混合原料以3:7比例配料为宜;在此条件下,制备的机制炭外形平直无裂缝,得率为 33.85%~36.73%,固定碳含量 79.80%~86.20%,热值28.96~31.92 MJ/kg。     

Formation and reactivity of nitrides I. Review and introduction

Methods of nitride production are summarised and their thermodynamics surveyed. Crystal structures and types of bonding in binary and ternary nitride compounds are classified and discussed. Kinetics of nitride formation are related to structural changes in the materials, which control diffusion of metals and nitrogen and cause nitride scaling. Metal nitridation with ammonia and nitride formation during ammonia synthesis are discussed. Information so far available on the sintering of nitrides and its effect on their chemical reactivity is reviewed. This effect is influenced by additives or impurities such as oxides formed by partial nitride hydrolysis and oxidation. Sintering and hot pressing increase the resistance of nitrides to hydrolysis and oxidation, so that they become more suitable for use as refractories. Often, corrosion resistance of nitride layers on metal surfaces is impaired by poor scaling resistance in air or oxygen at comparatively low temperatures. The kinetics and products of oxidation of nitrides so far studied, notably AlN, TiN and UN, depend mainly on the intrinsic reactivity of the material and the available surface at which oxidation can occur. Subsequent work will be concerned with changes in phase composition, surface area and crystallite and aggregate sizes and their correlation with production, sintering, hydrolysis and oxidation conditions for single and mixed nitrides. Suitable experimental techniques are summarised in this paper.