脂肪酰氧基乙基磺酸钠晶相分析

利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热重分析仪(TG)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热台偏光显微镜研究了4种单碳链脂肪酰氧基乙基磺酸钠(SAI)的相行为.结果表明4种单碳链SAI是以晶体状态存在;热稳定范围为0℃～250℃,250℃以后SAI开始大量分解;并且判定4种单碳链SAI只存在一种晶相,在加热的过程中不存在晶相间的相互转变.上述研究为以SAI为主要原料的中性复合皂的深入研究提供了理论支撑.     

中性皂的性能与配方机理

提出普通肥皂由天然油脂与氢氧化钠水溶液加热皂化而成,呈碱性,在硬水中易于形成不溶于水的钙皂或镁皂,降低洗涤力,沾污织物,附着在皮肤上,容易引发皮肤疾病。中性皂不仅洗涤能力良好,泡沫丰富,且具保湿、护肤等功能,是发展的趋势。中性皂(复合皂与合成皂)由表面活性剂改变肥皂的结构和特性,文章阐明了表面活性剂组成和配方,综合中性皂的特性、检测评估及标准要求。推荐了中性皂的工艺流程、成型工艺和设备,汇集了中性皂的发展实例、经典品牌中性皂的配方和特点。     

微波辐射法合成椰油酰氧乙基磺酸钠

在微波辐射条件下,以椰油酸与羟乙基磺酸钠为原料合成椰油酰氧乙基磺酸钠,主要考察了微波辐射功率、反应时间、投料摩尔比、真空度对反应的影响.最佳反应条件:n(椰油酸)/n (羟乙基磺酸钠)=1.2,微波功率200W,真空度15Kpa条件下反应15min.产品为微黄色固体,活性物79.15％,色泽(3％的30％异丙醇水溶液)12.3Hazen.     

脂肪酰氧乙基磺酸盐类表面活性剂的研究进展

综述了脂肪酰氧乙基磺酸盐类表而活性剂的合成、性能及应用,重点讨论了其合成方法,分别介绍了以脂肪酸为原料、以酰氯为原料和酯交换等方法.对其研究趋势进行了展望.因原料来源于天然脂肪酸,其性能温和,易生物降解,可广泛应用于日用化学品配方.     

新型温控变黏酸的合成与性能研究

以丙烯酰胺、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵为共聚单体,引入各种功能性单体,以偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐引发合成一种新型温控变黏酸稠化剂;研究了不同交联剂用量对温控变黏酸交联效果的影响,以及丙烯酰胺与2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸重量比、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵用量、丙烯腈用量对变黏酸温控变黏过程的影响,同时评价了温控变黏酸的交联与破胶降解能力。     

椰油酰氧乙基磺酸钠的合成与性能

以椰子油酸和羟乙基磺酸钠为原料,在催化剂存在下,通过脱水反应制得椰油酰氧乙基磺酸钠,考察了投料摩尔比、催化剂用量、真空度、温度、时间等对反应的影响。最佳反应条件为:n(椰子油酸)/n(羟乙基磺酸钠)=1 3,w(催化剂)=0 5%,真空度25kPa,235℃,反应3h,在该条件下,产物中w(椰油酰氧乙基磺酸钠)=77 0%,羟乙基磺酸钠的转化率为91 3%,产品外观为淡黄色粉末。性能分析结果表明:该产品的表面张力和临界胶束浓度分别为30 11mN/m和1 26×10-3mol/L,在去离子水和c(CaCO3)=0 3mmol/L的硬水中的润湿力分别为448s和440s、发泡力分别为240mm和232mm、去污力(△R)分别为44 6和43 7。     

曲酸洗手液研制

研制了一款以曲酸、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（AES）、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱（CAB-35）和月桂基葡糖苷（APG）为原料的洗手液。以洗手液性能和抑菌效果为指标,通过单因素实验和正交实验优化筛选出曲酸洗手液配方。结果表明：优化后的曲酸洗手液配方为AES 6%,CAB-35 6%,APG 9%,EDTA-2Na 0.1%,甘油1.0%,曲酸1.25%,氯化钠1.5%,pH 6,该配方经性能测定发泡力为109.55 mm,总活性物含量为12.33%,黏度为4266.7 mPa·s,具有抑菌作用。     

用合成脂肪酸副产试制脂肪酰二乙醇胺

一、绪言脂肪酸与乙醇胺的化合物如椰子油脂肪酰二乙醇胺,是合成洗滌剂的有效添加剂,具有增加泡沫稳定度、改进去污能力以及减少皮肤刺激等作用,近年来产量有很大增长。随着石腊氧化合成脂肪酸的发展,除主产品皂用脂肪酸外,亦有相当数量的副产低碳酸。如能结合当前合成洗滌剂改进质量的要求,利用副产C_7～C_9馏分与二乙醇胺缩合,以代替天然椰子油或皂用酸生产肪脂酰二乙醇胺,不仅可以发挥综合利用的效果,降低皂用脂肪酸的成本,而且可以弥补当前有机助剂的不     

中性香皂的配方优化及工艺过程控制

以脂肪酸皂为主洗涤成分,采用正交实验法对中性香皂配方进行优化。得出最佳配比为：皂粒（57．3％）、SCI65（28.7％）、BS-12（2％）、硬脂酸（8％）,其余为辅料。优化后的中性香皂发泡力达到550mm,水溶液pH小于8．0,开裂度小于2级,耐磨度小于2mm,抗硬水度≥3．0ml。同时提出了用普通制皂设备顺畅生产中性香皂所需控制的工艺条件及相关参数。     

25%苯氧威水分散粒剂的研制及应用

在25％苯氧威水分散粒剂的研究中,我们进行了载体、溶剂、润湿剂、分散剂、崩解剂和乳化剂等的研究,并就不同的加工工艺对产品性能的影响进行了深入研究。筛选出最佳配方：苯氧威25％,乳酸丁酯12％,聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物2．7％,无水十二烷基苯磺酸钙(500^#)2．3％,N-甲基-脂肪酰基-牛磺酸盐3．2％,2-乙基己基丁二酸酯磺酸盐1．9％,淀粉乙醇酸钠和碳酸氢钠3．4％,白碳黑约47．2％;选择的加工工艺可行、经济,制剂的性能优良;田间试验结果表明,与乳油的防效相当。     

Surface active agents from isopropenyl esters: Acylation of isethionic acid and N-methyltaurine

Acylation of sodium isethionate with isopropenyl stearate at 200 C for 30 min gave a 95% yield of sodium 2-sulfoethyl stearate, acetone being the only byproduct. Acylation of N-methyltaurine at 200 C for 90 min gave a 95% yield of N-methyl-N-(2-sulfoethyl) stearamide sodium salt. Corresponding surface active derivatives were also prepared from pelargonic, lauric, myristic, palmitic, oleic, phenylstearic and hydrogenated tallow fatty acids from their respective isopropenyl esters. Detergency, foam height, wetting time, lime soap dispersing power, critical micelle concentration and other surfactant properties were evaluated. Optimum properties were found at the C₁₄−C₁₈ fatty acid chain length. Unsaturation or branching increased solubility. The 2-sulfoethyl esters were similar to the N-methyl-N-(2-sulfoethyl) amides in foam height, wetting ability and lime soap dispersing power, superior to the N-methyl-N-(2-sulfoethyl) amides in detergency, but inferior in calcium stability and less stable to acid and alkali. Both compounds are readily biodegraded. The fatty isopropenyl ester synthesis has an advantage in yield and purity of the product and could increase the utilization of the 2-sulfoethyl esters and N-methyl-N-(2-sulfoethyl) amides in many applications. Presented at the ISF-AOCS Meeting in Chicago, September 1970. Deceased. E. Mark. Nutr. Res. Div., ARS, USDA.     

椰子油酰基芳香族氨基酸盐的绿色合成与性能评价

采用绿色合成方法,利用椰子油与含芳香环取代基的组氨酸钠、苯丙氨酸钠、酪氨酸钠直接进行酰胺化反应制备了3种椰子油酰基芳香族氨基酸盐.采用HPLC-MS、FTIR对产物组成和结构进行了表征,并对合成产品的性能进行了测定.结果表明,椰子油酰基氨基酸盐表面活性剂的界面性能受氨基酸结构的影响较大,椰子油酰基苯丙氨酸钠与椰子油酰基组氨酸钠的临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为9.84×10–5和6.79×10–5 mol/L,均远小于椰子油酰基酪氨酸钠的CMC(1.54×10–2 mol/L).3种椰子油酰基氨基酸盐表面活性剂均具有良好的乳化性、起泡性及泡沫稳定性,乳液分出10 mL水相最长需要342 s,泡沫高度最高达到157 mm,稳泡性参数,即发泡结束后30 min时泡沫高度(H5)与0 min泡沫高度(H1)比值(H5/H1)最高达到0.898;耐硬水性等同或优于皂类;在蒸馏水中的去污力与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、α-烯基磺酸钠(AOS)、椰子油钠皂等传统表面活性剂相当.     

表面活性剂复配体系的分析

介绍了一种使用经典的分析技术定量测定液体皂、皂胶、洗衣皂及香皂中存在的皂类、脂肪酸、非离子表面活性剂及除肥皂以外的阴离子表面活性剂和两性表面活性剂混合物的分析方法。这种方法克服了分析混合表面活性剂系统时常常会碰到的问题。     

Analysis of sodium isethionate in soap and lye process streams by suppressed ion chromatography

Suppressed ion chromatography has been used to determine sodium isethionate in various soap production process streams at concentrations of 0.1–1.0%. The method was validated by spiking placebo soap and lye process stream samples. Overall recoveries in soap were 98.5 ± 2.3% (n=24). Recoveries in lye were 98.4 ± 2.8% (n=24).     

Hydroxy Sulfonated Fatty Acid Esters as Surface Active Agents III: Kinetics of the Synthesis

Kinetics of synthesis of a new type of surface active agents having the general formula RCOOCH₂CHOHCH₂SO₃M, where M is an alkali metal or other basic radical, have been studied. Synthesis of hydroxy sulfonated fatty acid esters of oleic and lauric acids by the reaction of molar proportion of sodium chlorohydroxy propane sulfonate with fatty acid soap (formed in situ) was found to be a pseudo-first order reaction. The energy of activation was calculated from Arrhenius equation as 25.7 kcal/mole. Paper chromatographic method has also been used for kinetic studies.     

Performance and Microstructural Study on Soap Using Different Fatty Acids and Cations

The desired benefits of the finished soap product are governed by a professional selection of appropriate raw materials, the manufacturing process or both. A better understanding of the crystallization of the soap microstructure is needed which has direct effects on the properties of final products. Soap microstructures and soap composition are not only determined by the length of hydrophobic fatty chain, saturation extent of fatty acid chain, fatty acid distribution but also by the cation effect. Thus, four different fatty acid compositions and the effect of sodium and potassium cations were studied. The performance of the potassium and sodium bar soaps prepared was monitored and was correlated with solid phase thermal analysis. The microstructural effect was examined using ATR-FTIR, FESEM and XRD. The specific ion effect and ion interaction involving both cations and carboxylate anions on different chemical compositions was correlated.     

磷矿低温反浮选中应用脂肪酸钾皂捕收剂的实验研究

实验研究用脂肪酸钾皂代替脂肪酸钠皂用于磷矿反浮选的捕收剂。实验结果表明：脂肪酸钾皂优于钠皂,低温反浮选磷精矿品位提高,MgO含量降低,脂肪酸钾皂具有熔点低、低温下易溶于水、配制的水溶液低温下长期贮存不易凝胶、活性好等特点,能适应10℃以下的低温反浮选工艺。     

Mammary Uptake of Fatty Acids Supplied by Intravenous Triacylglycerol Infusion to Lactating Dairy Cows

Supplementing dairy cows with n-3 fatty acid-rich feeds does not easily increase quantities in milk fat. Previous results demonstrated very long-chain n-3 fatty acids are primarily transported in the PL fraction of blood, making them largely unavailable to the mammary gland for enrichment of milk fat. Our objective was to compare mammary uptake of fatty acids of increasing chain length and unsaturation delivered intravenously as TAG emulsions. Late lactation dairy cows were assigned to a completely randomized block design. Treatments were intravenous TAG emulsions enriched with oleic acid (OLA), linoleic acid (LNA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and were delivered continuously at 16 mL/h for 72 h. Each treatment supplied 30 g/day of the target fatty acid. Treatment did not affect feed intake, milk yield, or milk composition, but all treatments reduced intake and yield. The proportion of DHA increased in plasma FFA, TAG, and PL with infusion. Increases of n-3 fatty acids, ALA, EPA, and DHA, were evident in the plasma PL fraction, suggesting re-esterification in the liver. Transfer efficiencies were 37.8 ± 4.1, 27.6 ± 5.4, and 10.9 ± 4.1 %, and day 3 total milk fatty acyl yields were 37.0 ± 3.4, 10.8 ± 0.4, and 3.3 ± 0.3 g for LNA, ALA, and DHA. Variation in oleic acyl yield prevented calculation of OLA transfer efficiency. Mammary uptake of fatty acids was reduced with increased chain length and unsaturation. Both liver and mammary mechanisms may regulate transfer of long-chain polyunsaturates.     

Comparative value of fatty acids and resin acids of tall oil in soaps

Summary A study has been made of the detergency and foaming power of soaps made from a typical acid-refined American tall oil. Sodium soap of tall oil, straight tall oil fatty-acid soap, and straight tall oil resin-acid soap were evaluated. The effect of fatty acid-resin acid ratio was determined by using mixtures of those soaps. Sodium rosinate, sodium oleate, and mixtures of these soaps were used as comparison standards. Curves plotted show wash-test data and foaming values as functions of the ratio of fatty soap to resin soap. The data indicate in terms of detergency: a) tall oil soap has a higher value than sodium rosinate; b) sodium oleate is better than tall oil fatty-acid soap, but the latter is approximately equivalent to soaps from various unsaturated vegetable oils; c) both tall oil resin-acid soap and rosin soap have low detergency on cotton; d) the detergency of most mixtures of tall oil fatty-acid and resin-acid soaps at lower concentrations is greater than would be predicted from the individual soaps, indicating a synergistic effect. As a rough approximation, tall oil soap without unsaponifiables is equivalent to a corresponding mixture of sodium oleate and sodium rosinate. The presence of unsaponifiables lowers both detergency and foaming. Tall oil soap is somewhat less sensitive to hard water than sodium oleate. Significant differences between detergencies of soaps, and especially between soap mixtures, are obscured when launderometer tests are run at moderate soap concentrations. These differences are readily detected at lower concentrations. Presented at 113th meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Ill., April 14–23, 1948.     

Effect of tallow-coconut fatty acid ratios on properties of bar soaps

In this study, blends of tallow and coconut fatty acids prepared at ratios ranging from 95:5 to 75:25 were converted to sodium soaps, and were processed into soap bars through conventional milling and pressing techniques. Other minor ingredients were included in the bar to protect against rancidity and to provide color. The resulting bars were tested for lather, solubility, penetration, swell, slushing tendency, moisture and cracking. According to one mechanical method, the 85:15 tallow/coconut fatty acid blend yields optimum lather quickness. This does not agree with lather preference by an expert panel which preferred bars with increasing sodium cocoate content or with increasing levels of sodium laurate. Coincident with these effects was an increase in aqueous solubility. However, certain deleterious effects were observed with increase of sodium cocoate, namely: increased slushing and a higher erosion rate.