A neural network-based smart antenna for multiple source tracking

This paper considers the problem of multiple-source tracking with neural network-based smart antennas for wireless terrestrial and satellite mobile communications. The neural multiple-source tracking (N-MUST) algorithm is based on an architecture of a family of radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) to perform both detection and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. The field of view of the antenna array is divided into spatial angular sectors, which are in turn assigned to a different pair of RBFNNs. When a network detects one or more sources in the first stage, the corresponding second stage network(s) are activated to perform the DOA estimation. Simulation results are performed to investigate the performance of the algorithm for various angular separations, with sources of random relative signal-to-noise ratio and when the system suffers from Doppler spread     

谱峰搜索的神经网络实现

本文提出了谱峰搜索的神经网络方法,作为一个线性规划问题,通过构造适当的代价函数把谱峰搜索与Hopfield线性规划网络联系起来。网络中神经元的个数与参数空间搜索的分辨率无关,而与传感器阵列中传感器的个数成线性关系,因此神经元的个数并不要求很多,理论分析和仿真实验证明,该方法实际上与MUSIC方法或RD(实数域波达方向估计)法是等价的。     

阵元位置误差影响下的神经网络测向

针对阵元位置误差情况下RBF(radial-basis function)神经网络波达方向估计,提出一种直接数据域补偿算法。这种算法通过对神经网络的输入数据进行误差补偿来获得正确的训练样本,因而在无需对RBF神经网络测向系统作任何改进的情况下,可获得对波达方向的准确估计。文中给出了应用该方法的具体步骤,通过仿真实验证明该算法的有效性。     

柱面共形阵列高性能低复杂度DOA估计算法

针对柱面共形阵列的波达方向(DOA)估计问题,从信号子空间的角度分析了在阵元遮挡下应用多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法的性能缺陷。在此基础上提出通过偏置常数的方法克服经典MUSIC算法的阵元遮挡问题。进一步提出一种基于数据自适应子阵分割的快速DOA估计算法,该方法先利用稀疏采样的偏置MUSIC算法进行DOA预估,依此确定所需要的子阵及二维搜索区域,确定MUSIC算法的搜索范围,进而得到高精确度的DOA估计。利用子阵分割的方法进行DOA估计,避免了经典MUSIC算法因阵元遮挡导致运算量大、精确度低等问题。仿真结果表明,该方法能大幅度降低运算复杂度,同时提高DOA估计精确度。     

Direction of arrival estimation based on phase differences usingneural fuzzy network

A new high-resolution direction of arrival (DOA) estimation technique using a neural fuzzy network based on phase difference (PD) is proposed. The conventional DOA estimation method such as MUSIC and MLE, are computationally intensive and difficult to implement in real time. To attack these problems, neural networks have become popular for DOA estimation. However, the normal neural networks such as the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function network (RBFN) usually produce the extra problems of low convergence speed and/or large network size (i.e., the number of network parameters is large). Also, the may to decide the network structure is heuristic. To overcome these defects and take use of neural learning ability, a powerful self-constructing neural fuzzy inference network (SONFIN) is used to develop a new DOA estimation algorithm. By feeding the PDs of the received radar-array signals, the trained SONFIN can give high-resolution DOA estimation. The proposed scheme is thus called PD-SONFIN. This new algorithm avoids the need of empirically determining the network size and parameters in normal neural networks due to the powerful on-line structure and parameter learning ability of SONFIN. The PD-SONFIN can always find itself an economical network size in the fast learning process. Our simulation results show that the performance of the new algorithm is superior to the RBFN in terms of convergence accuracy, estimation accuracy, sensitivity to noise, and network size     

采用Radon-Wigner变换的二维波达方向估计

针对宽带多线性调频信号2维波达方向(2-D DOA)估计精度低的问题,该文提出了一种基于Radon-Wigner变换(RWT)的2-D DOA估计方法。该方法利用RWT在多目标环境下能够有效抑制交叉项干扰和噪声,具有很好的时频汇聚性特点,通过峰值搜索确定目标个数并重构信号阵列,最后利用MUSIC空间谱分析方法实现了对多个LFM信号的2-D DOA估计。仿真实验表明,基于RWT的DOA估计方法能对非平稳信号进行有效的2-D DOA估计。     

基于降维处理的MUSIC二维DOA估计算法

针对 MUSIC(多重信号分类法)估计方法实现二维 DOA(波达方向)估计的计算量大且遍历搜索耗时的问题,给出了一种基于降维处理的 MUSIC 算法。该算法无需进行二维谱峰值搜索。该算法利用二次优化方法将二维 DOA 估计分解为一维 DOA 估计,先通过一维 MUSIC 估计获得信号与 x 轴夹角,再利用最小二乘算法估计获得信号与 y 轴夹角。最后利用角度关系式得到信号的二维 DOA 估计值。该算法的复杂和搜索范围都大大降低,仿真表明,该算法具有较好的角度估计效果。     

Blind DOA and polarization estimation for polarization-sensitive array using dimension reduction MUSIC

A novel blind direction-of-arrival (DOA) and polarization estimation algorithm for polarization-sensitive uniform linear array using dimension reduction multiple signal classification (MUSIC) is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm utilizes the signal subspace to obtain an initial estimation of DOA, then estimates more accurate DOA through a one-dimensional (1-D) local searching according to the initial estimation of DOA, and finally obtains polarization parameter estimation via the estimated polarization steering vectors. The proposed algorithm, which only requires a one-dimension local searching, can avoid the high computational cost within multi-dimensional MUSIC algorithm. The simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm has better DOA and polarization estimation performance than both estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique algorithm and trilinear decomposition algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can be suitable for irregular array geometry, obtain automatically paired multi-dimensional parameter estimation, and avoid multi-dimensional searching. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

DOA estimation for sparse nested MIMO radar with velocity receive sensor array

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for sparse nested MIMO radar with velocity receive sensor array is studied, and an algorithm based on extended unitary root multiple signal classification (MUSIC) is proposed. The nested MIMO radar utilizes sparse transmit array and velocity receive array with nested inter-element distances, which can make the final virtual array to be a long and sparse velocity sensor array. After exploiting unitary transformation to transform the data into real-valued one, an extended root MUSIC based method is developed to decompose the angle estimation into high-resolution but ambiguous and low-resolution but unambiguous DOA estimations, which are automatically paired. Thereafter, the ambiguous estimation is used to recover all possible DOAs, and the unambiguous DOA estimation is used as a reference to resolve the estimation ambiguity problem. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed algorithm requires no peak search, maintains larger aperture and achieves better DOA estimation performance. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of our approach.     

协方差矩阵输入的DOA估计方法

利用支持向量回归机对非线性函数的拟合能力,将波达方向(DOA)估计问题转化为样本的智能学习问题。提取已知信号的协方差矩阵上三角部分作为样本输入特征,构建波达方向估计模型,获取复杂函数的拟合能力,达到对未知信号波达方向估计的目的。仿真实验表明该方法具有很高的估计精度和速度,在低信噪比和通道存在相位误差的情况下具有较强的适应能力,性能优于RBF神经网络法,具有较大的工程应用价值。     

采用混合核支持向量机的DOA估计

人工神经网络( ANN)进行建模时通常需要准备大量的数据样本,同时网络结构一般都比较复杂;而采用支持向量机( SVM)进行建模时,不同核函数有不同的效果,各有利弊,且选取SVM模型参数的理论支撑尚不完整。为了解决这些问题,提出了一种基于混合核函数的支持向量机来改善来波到达角( DOA)的估计性能,并结合二进制粒子群算法( PSO)来对混合核函数进行参数寻优。该混合核函数由全局核函数和局部核函数构成,提高了SVM的泛化能力和学习能力。首先通过拟合多项式函数,验证了该混合核SVM的有效性。将该方法用于DOA估计建模,在不同信噪比和快拍数下,通过与径向基函数( RBF)神经网络、基于各单一核函数的SVM和MUSIC算法预测结果对比,混合核SVM均方差有所降低,提高了DOA估计的精度且有更好的稳定性。     

Experiments on direction finder using RBF neural network with post-processing

Evaluation tests are carried out on the direction finder, which has an aperture comprising four monopoles on the circumference of 0.4 /spl lambda/. Radial bias function (RBF) neural network and a new post-processing procedure are used in the algorithm of DOA estimation. The estimation error was reduced to one-tenth that of MUSIC.     

Novel angle estimation for bistatic MIMO radar using an improved MUSIC

In this article, we study the problem of angle estimation for bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar and propose an improved multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm for joint direction of departure (DOD) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. The proposed algorithm obtains initial estimations of angles obtained from the signal subspace and uses the local one-dimensional peak searches to achieve the joint estimations of DOD and DOA. The angle estimation performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm, and is almost the same as that of two-dimensional MUSIC. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can be suitable for irregular array geometry, obtain automatically paired DOD and DOA estimations, and avoid two-dimensional peak searching. The simulation results verify the effectiveness and improvement of the algorithm.     

适用任意阵列的变换域二维波达角快速估计算法

 MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification)算法是波达角(the Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计的经典算法之一,但其在二维DOA估计中因需进行二维谱峰搜索而计算量十分巨大.为降低MUSIC算法的计算量,本文在引入变换域DOA概念的基础上提出了一种能够适用于任意阵列结构的二维DOA快速估计算法,即变换域MUSIC(transformed domain-MUSIC,TD-MUSIC)算法.理论分析和仿真实验表明:该算法不但将空间谱峰搜索的范围减小一半而且具有更低维度的噪声子空间,因而其计算量远小于 MUSIC算法.同时,新算法具有比MUSIC更高的空间分辨率.     

基于矢量传感器MIMO雷达的DOD DOA和极化联合估计算法

该文研究了一种基于多输入多输出(MIMO)电磁矢量传感器阵列雷达目标波离角(DOD),波达角(DOA)和极化联合估计问题。提出一种新型矢量阵MIMO雷达系统模型,发射阵列采用常规阵元,而接收阵列采用电磁矢量传感器。在此基础上,该文提出4维MUSIC, ESPRIT和迭代1维MUSIC 3种联合参数估计算法。其中迭代1维MUSIC算法首先利用矢量传感器的内在结构特点获得目标DOA预估计,随后采用MUSIC算法对DOD和DOA分别进行1维搜索获得目标角度的高精度估计,最后给出一种基于ESPRIT的目标极化估计算法。迭代1维MUSIC算法可用于不规则阵列,对接收阵列约束较少,无需2维搜索及多维搜索,还可以利用矢量阵特点扩展阵列孔径提高DOA估计精度。此外,论文还推导了DOD, DOA和极化联合估计的CRB。仿真实验表明,与前两种算法相比,迭代1维MUSIC算法具有与CRB更接近的估计精度。     

基于空间平滑多重信号分类算法的低角目标探测

基于阵列信号处理的目标回波到达方向（DOA）估计算法具有分辨力强、估计精度高、抗干扰能力强的特点，是目标测向的研究热点。多重信号分类（MUSIC）算法就是基于阵列信号处理的目标测向算法之一，传统的多重信号分类算法假设目标回波是互不相关的，这导致其应用效果受到较大的限制。在传统多重信号分类算法的基础上，采用空间平滑多重信号分类算法进行目标回波解相干处理，推导给出了估计目标回波到达角度的表达式以及该算法的实现流程框图，并结合数值模拟结果以及实际应用场景对该算法的优缺点进行了对比分析。空间平滑多重信号分类算法在低角目标探测、单目标多径问题、多目标到达角度与多目标数量估计等方面具有一定优势。     

TD-SCDMA无线定位虚拟线阵修正MUSIC算法的研究

TD-SCDMA无线定位的智能天线圆-角定位技术中,DOA算法为其核心。本文针对基于TD-SCDMA智能天线预处理后的虚拟均匀线阵MUSIC算法不适用于相关信号源的DOA估计的特点,提出了基于模式空间虚拟均匀线阵修正MUSIC算法,解决了相关信号源DOA估计的问题,并分析了其性能。     

基于时频点聚类的LFM信号波达方向估计

基于空间时频分布(spatial time-frequency distribution, STFD)的多重信号分类(multiple signal classification, MUSIC)算法常用于非平稳信号波达方向(direction of arrival, DOA)估计, 其关键是选取合适的信号时频点.文中针对传统时频MUSIC算法不能提取各信号时频点且在小角度间隔时估计性能不佳的问题, 以线性调频(line frequency modulation, LFM)信号为研究对象, 提出了基于时频点聚类的DOA估计算法.该算法首先对阵列接收信号进行白化, 利用白化后的接收信号构造STFD矩阵, 达到抑制STFD矩阵的交叉项、突出信号自项的目的, 然后利用K均值聚类提取各信号时频点, 最后运用MUSIC算法估计DOA.对不同角度间隔和不同信噪比时三种算法的估计均方根误差进行了仿真对比, 结果表明:相比经典时频MUSIC算法, 文中算法在小角度间隔和低信噪比时有更好的估计性能.     

基于TD-SCDMA无线定位虚拟线阵四阶累量修正MUSIC算法的研究

无线定位的圆-角定位技术中,DOA估计极其重要。本文针对基于TD-SCDMA智能天线预处理后的虚拟均匀线阵MUSIC算法带来的阵列孔径小,抗阵元误差扰动性差的不足,研究了基于模式空间虚拟均匀线阵四阶累量的MUSIC算法,由于虚拟线阵四阶累量MUSIC算法的应用范围局限于独立的信号源的DOA估计,不能用于相关信号源DOA估计,因而提出了基于模式空间虚拟均匀线阵四阶累量的修正MUSIC(FOC-MMUSIC)算法,有效地拓展了阵元孔径,改善了系统抗阵元误差扰动和算法对相关信号源DOA的估计性能。     

应用超分辨率方向估计实现通信卫星干扰源定位

利用卫星天线多波束特性来获取干扰信号波达方向（DOA）信息,是实现通信卫星干扰源定位的一条新思路。本文研究了在结合卫星多波束天线模型时,利用超分辨率方向估计方法实现通信卫星干扰源精确定位的可毛生,研究表明MN和LP两种算法在用于多波束天线的DOA估计时存在着方向估计模糊,而MV和MUSIC可应用于多波束天线的二维测向;文中还讨论MV、MUSIC应用于卫星干扰源定位的性能情况,并得到一些有益的结论。