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渗透性直接决定了有害物质在混凝土等水泥基材料中的传输速度,是影响混凝土耐久性的关键指标。基于水泥浆体三维孔隙结构和压汞试验数据,分别采用Katz-Thompson方程和格子Boltzmann方法模拟计算水泥浆体试样的渗透率,并与气体渗透测试结果进行对比,其结果表明:硬化水泥净浆气体渗透率测试结果为3.82×10-18~7.29×10-18 m2;Katz-Thompson方程的预测结果仅具有数量级的准确度,不能真实准确地预测水泥浆体孔隙结构的渗透率;格子Boltzmann方法能够准确地预测水泥浆体的本质渗透率,为4.88×10-19~15.48×10-19 m2;气体渗透测试结果比模拟结果高约2~10倍,表明水泥浆体中毛细孔依然是渗透的主要路径,而气孔和微裂缝仅在局部起到了提高气体渗透率的作用。 相似文献
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在28 d抗压强度相近的前提下,制备了纯水泥混凝土、大掺量粉煤灰混凝土、大掺量矿渣混凝土,测定了不同混凝土的后期抗压强度、抗氯离子渗透性,以及胶凝材料的化学结合水、硬化浆体中的Ca(OH)2含量.结果表明:含大掺量矿物掺合料的混凝土的后期强度和抗氯离子渗透性均明显高于纯水泥混凝土;大掺量矿渣混凝土的后期强度高于同掺量的大掺量粉煤灰混凝土;复合胶凝材料的后期水化程度增长率明显高于纯水泥;复合胶凝材料硬化浆体中后期Ca(OH)2含量明显低于纯水泥硬化浆体. 相似文献
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复合磷铝酸盐-硅酸盐水泥的早期水化行为 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
主要研究了复合磷铝酸盐-硅酸盐熟水泥新拌和硬化浆体早期水化行为以及外加剂(NB)掺量对相应参数的影响,并与52.5级硅酸盐水泥浆体的相应行为进行了比较.测定了外加剂(NB)掺量对净浆和砂浆1d和3d强度,分析了新拌和硬化磨细浆体悬浮溶液的pH值、ζ电位和离子电导(K);并运用分光光度法和比尔定律研究了浆体中[Ca2+]和[AlO4]5-溶出浓度的规律同时用XRD半定量分析了浆体早期的水化程度.硬化浆体粉末悬浮液的ζ电位、离子电导(K),[Ca2+]和[AlO4]5-离子的溶出浓度的研究结果综合表明:外加剂掺量为水泥的0.15%~0.21%范围内时各早期水化行为呈现出最佳值:复合水泥浆体1d,3d和7d中Alite的水化程度较硅酸盐水泥浆体相应龄期分别提高了35%,33%和49%;净浆和砂浆1d抗压强度较同龄期硅酸盐水泥浆体分别增长了3%~15%和10%~17%;3天净浆强度增长了9%~19%;与此同时,浆体溶液的pH值维持在11.6~11.75;与此同时,复合浆体的凝结时间随外加剂掺量有所增长,但仍在国标范围内,而且终凝时间较PC短.复合水泥新拌浆体悬浮液的[Ca2+]的比浓度和溶液离子电导分析表明:复合水泥诱导期出现的时间较PC的缩短了1倍,并且加速期较PC约提早2h出现;而且诱导期和加速期之间,溶液中[Ca2+]浓度差明显小于PC的.这意味复合水泥加速期到来所需要的活化能比PC低;同时比PC较低的离子电导表明更多的大尺寸基团[AlO4]5-和[PO4]3-的存在,减缓了Ca2+的过度快速迁移,使其有充足的时间与OH-,[AlO4]5-和[PO4]3-结合生成水化产物. 相似文献
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研究了水泥净浆、砂浆和混凝土的等温干燥过程对抗压强度的影响,从微观尺度上分析了干燥对强度的影响机理。结果表明:等温干燥对水泥基材料抗压强度影响显著;干燥后混凝土抗压强度的增长主要来自水泥净浆的强度提高,且增强效应与净浆质量分数呈对数关系;水泥净浆、砂浆、混凝土的干燥变形具有先膨胀后收缩特征,混凝土干燥过程及其变形取决于水泥净浆的干燥失水与变形;干燥后水泥净浆和砂浆孔隙率与平均孔径均显著增大,净浆孔隙率增大主要源于100nm小孔的增多,而砂浆孔隙率增大主要源于100~1 000 nm毛细孔的增多;干燥后水泥水化产物密实度提高,但骨料与水泥水化产物间粘结减弱,混凝土干燥后强度的改变是水泥水化产物密实度提高引起的强化效应和孔隙率增大、微裂纹扩展引起的劣化效应共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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《硅酸盐学报》2015,(10)
综述了水泥基材料气体渗透机理、渗透性测试原理与方法以及气体渗透性的预测模型。气体在水泥基孔隙材料中的渗流过程包括粘性流动、边界滑流以及Knudsen扩散。水泥基材料的透气性测试分为常压流量法、变压流量法以及变压压力法。水泥基材料通过物理孔隙结构和孔隙含水率影响气体渗透性。现有文献表明:气体渗流规律缺少关于对纳米尺度上Knudsen扩散对整体渗流总体贡献的定量研究,使气体渗透性与材料微观结构的模型的适用性受到影响;常压流量法物理原理明确,是实验室测量气体渗透性的标准方法,其他方法需要与之比对来确定其有效性;水泥基材料孔隙结构影响气体渗透性的关键参数是孔隙率和渗流特征尺寸,相关模型对水泥净浆适用性较好,但对砂浆和混凝土较差;水泥基材料孔隙含水率与气体渗透性的关系可通过Van-Genuchten-Mualem模型来表达,但模型参数离散性较大。 相似文献
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《硅酸盐学报》2016,(11)
为了在较短时间内获得矿渣微粉和水胶比对溶蚀过程中水泥基材料抗溶蚀性能的影响,用6 mol/L NH4Cl溶液,对矿渣-水泥复合浆体薄片试件进行加速钙溶蚀实验,并利用饱水干燥称重法、X射线衍射分析和扫描电子显微镜等方法,分析了加速钙溶蚀过程中矿渣掺量、水胶比对矿渣-水泥复合胶凝材料硬化浆体的孔隙率、物相组成、微结构形貌和Ca/Si比等的影响。结果表明:同未掺矿渣的水泥浆体相比,掺有适量矿渣的复合水泥浆体在溶蚀过程中的微结构劣化速度慢、抗溶蚀性能好;水胶比为0.35时,矿渣掺量为40%的复合水泥浆体的孔隙率、钙硅比和微结构形貌变化较小,抗溶蚀能力最佳,而水胶比为0.55时,掺50%矿渣的复合水泥浆体具有较好的抗溶蚀性能。 相似文献
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泥炭磺酸盐减水剂可以减少给定混凝土(或砂浆、净浆)的用水量,降低水灰比,增加硬化混凝土(或砂浆、净浆)的强度。它能使水泥浆的粘度降低,增加流动性,节约水泥。这些作用主要是由于减水剂的表而活性所决定的,是减水剂对水泥颗粒的作用。本文着重对泥炭磺酸盐减水剂的吸附作用、胶溶的电性质,动力性质进行研究以阐述减水剂对水泥颗粒的作用原理。 相似文献
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ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l/3为氧气,2/3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中:A一混… 相似文献
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P. P. Budnikoff 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1924,7(11):817-820
The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO3 and determination of CaO by KMnO4 titration, the SO3 by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO4 has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time. 相似文献
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A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases. 相似文献
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A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.
Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology. 相似文献
Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology. 相似文献
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ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log10 viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log10 viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na2O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO2, 2Na2O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al2O3 for Na2O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log10η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature Ta. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log10η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A12O3) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al2O3) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log10η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al2O3. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log10η due to substitution of an oxide for Na2O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na2O-CaO-SiO2. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO2, 2Na2O) due to of Substitution of B2O3 for SiO2 The change of log10η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log10η per per cent B2O3. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na2O. 相似文献
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面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。 相似文献