反应等离子熔敷Cr7C3/γ-Fe金属陶瓷复合材料涂层组织与耐磨性

以Fe-Cr-C合金粉末为原料,采用优化的等离子熔敷工艺,在C级钢表面通过粉末反应制得由原位生成的新型Cr7C3/γ-Fe金属陶瓷复合材料涂层.并测试分析了涂层的显微组织和显微硬度分布,以及在室温干滑动试验条件下的耐磨性.结果表明,该涂层组织由规则块状初生相Cr7C3和γ-Fe奥氏体固溶体组成,与基材完全冶金结合,涂层厚度约1.5mm,具有较高的显微硬度（平均为870HV）,且硬度梯度分布合理;涂层在室温干滑动试验条件下具有优异的耐摩擦磨损性能.     

TiAl合金激光熔覆复合材料涂层耐磨性研究

利用预涂NiCr-Cr3C2复合粉末对γ-TiAl合金（简称TiAl合金）进行激光熔覆处理,制得了以Cr7C3、TiC硬质相为耐磨增强相,以γ-NiCrAl镍基固溶体为基体的复合材料涂层,研究了原始TiAl合金和激光熔覆涂层的室温和高温（600℃）滑动磨损性能,并讨论了原始TiAl合金和所制备涂层的室温和高温滑动磨损机理。结果表明：激光熔覆复合材料涂层均具有较好的室温和高温滑动磨损耐磨性。室温下涂层的耐磨性先随着其中硬质耐磨增强相体积分数的增加而提高,但当耐磨相体积分数过高时,由于涂层脆性增大,其耐磨性反而下降。     

等离子熔覆γ/Cr7C3复合材料涂层组织与耐磨性研究

为探索提高工程机械易损零部件服役寿命的新技术,采用等离子熔覆工艺,以Ni—Cr-C混合合金粉末为添加材料,在易损零部件用钢Q235表面形成了以初生块状金属陶瓷CrTC3为硬质耐磨相,以强韧性良好的γ／Cr7C3共晶为基体的复合材料冶金涂层,分析了涂层的显微组织和硬度,在室温干滑动磨损条件下测试了其耐磨性。研究结果表明：涂层组织致密,硬度较高,与基体之间为完全的冶金结合,在干滑动磨损条件下具有良好的耐磨性。     

等离子熔敷TiC/γ-(Fe,Ni)复合涂层组织与耐磨性

为了提高奥氏体不锈钢的耐磨性能,扩大其应用范围,以Ti-C-Fe-Ni混合合金粉末为原料,利用等离子熔敷技术在1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面原位合成了TiC增强耐磨复合涂层。分析了涂层的显微组织结构,测试了涂层沿层深方向的硬度分布,评价了涂层在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下的摩擦磨损性能,结果表明:等离子熔敷TiC金属陶瓷增强复合涂层显微组织细小均匀,由花瓣状和少量颗粒状TiC初生相均匀分布在TiC/γ-(Fe,Ni)共晶基体上组成,涂层与不锈钢基材之间形成了完全冶金结合,涂层平均显微硬度约790 HV,涂层在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下表现出良好的耐磨性及较低的摩擦系数。     

等离子熔覆高铬铁基复合涂层高温滑动磨损性能

利用前驱体碳化复合粉末制备技术,以蔗糖为碳的前驱体制备了等离子熔覆Fe-Cr-C-W-Ni复合粉末.采用等离子熔覆丁艺,用该粉末在凋质C级钢基材表面制备了高铬铁基复合涂层.测试了涂层在不同增强相含量、不同载荷和不同温度干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性,并讨论了磨损机理.结果表明,由于涂层中硬质耐磨相(Cr,Fe)7C3的扰磨骨干作用,涂层在高温千滑动磨损条件下具有优异的耐磨性能.利用该技术在高速线材轧辊上使用效果明显.     

氩弧熔敷原位自生TiCp/Ni60A复合材料组织和耐磨性

利用氩弧熔敷技术在16Mn钢表面原位合成TiC增强Ni基复合材料耐磨涂层.采用XRD、SEM等手段分析涂层的组织,测试涂层的室温干滑动磨损性能.结果表明:其室温干滑动磨损机制为显微切削磨损,熔敷层与基体呈冶金结合,TiC颗粒均弥散分布于熔敷层中.涂层有较高的硬度,在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下具有优异的耐磨性.     

激光熔覆制备NiCr/Cr3C2-WS2-CaF2复合材料涂层

以NiCr/Cr3C2-WS2-CaF2复合合金粉末为原料,采用激光熔覆技术,在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面制备了高温自润滑耐磨复合材料涂层。采用XRD、SEM和EDS等手段对所制备复合涂层的显微组织进行了分析,并分别测试了涂层在室温、300℃、600℃时的干滑动磨损性能。结果表明:该复合涂层由γ-(Ni,Fe)固溶体基体、Cr7 C3/WC增强相及CrS/WS2润滑颗粒组成;室温时,涂层的磨损率较大;随着温度的升高,由于润滑转移膜的形成,涂层拥有良好的减摩耐磨性能。     

激光熔敷Cr2Ni3Si／Cr3Si金属硅化物复合材料涂层组织与高温耐磨性

以Cr-Si-Ni高纯预合金化粉末为原料、利用激光熔敷技术在奥氏体不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti表面上制得了以金属硅化物Cr3Si为增强相、以复杂多元金属硅化物Cr-Ni-Si为基体的快速凝固金属硅化物复合材料冶金涂层，分析了该涂层的显微组织，在高温滑动磨损条件下测试了其耐磨性能。研究结果表明，Cr3Si金属硅化物的体积分数对激光熔敷Cr2Ni3Si／Cr3Si复合材料涂层的硬度和高温耐磨性有显著影响。由于涂层中硬质耐磨相Cr3Si的抗磨骨干作用，在高温滑动磨损条件下该涂层具有优良的耐磨性能。     

激光熔覆NiCr/Cr3C2-Ag-BaF2/CaF2金属基高温自润滑耐磨覆层的组织结构及摩擦学性能

利用激光熔覆技术在不锈钢表面制备了NiCr/Cr3C2-Ag-BaF2/CaF2金属基高温自润滑耐磨覆层,用X射线衍射仪分析了复合粉末及其激光熔覆耐磨覆层的物相组成,用扫描电子显微镜分析了耐磨覆层横截面的显微组织结构特征.在干滑动磨损试验条件下测试了覆层的耐磨性能,并用扫描电子显微镜观察和分析了覆层的摩擦磨损机理.试验结果表明,激光熔覆NiCr/Cr3C2-Ag-BaF2/CaF2金属基高温自润滑耐磨覆层,从室温到500 ℃试验温度范围内表现出了良好的减摩抗磨效果,并且随着温度的升高覆层材料表现出了不同的摩擦磨损机理,从室温到200 ℃温度范围主要表现为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损共同作用,温度超过200 ℃后主要表现为塑性变形和轻微的粘着磨损.     

激光熔覆WC颗粒增强复合涂层的组织及耐磨性

为了提高TA15钛合金的耐磨性,在TA15钛合金表面利用激光熔覆预置的大粒度WC颗粒与TA15混合粉末层制备WC颗粒增强耐磨复合涂层。采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析涂层的显微组织,采用X射线衍射(XRD)结合能谱(EDS)对涂层进行物相鉴定,测试涂层在二体磨料磨损及室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨损性能并分析磨损机理。结果表明:增强相WC颗粒在涂层中较均匀分布,初生(TiW)C/TiC相和(TiW)C+(Ti,W)共晶组织组成增强相的基体,涂层在二体磨料磨损及干滑动磨损条件下表现出优异的耐磨性能,较钛合金基材耐磨性能提高几十至上百倍;WC颗粒与基体中韧性的高硬相及优异的抗粘着性能对涂层耐磨性起主导作用。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.