高效液膜分离富集水和工业废水中微量氟

用Ｎ５０３、ＳＰＡＮ８０和煤油等太液膜体系分离集Ｆ，在适宜条件下能迅速、定量迁移富集Ｆ。许多常见离子在此条件下，则不能通过液膜迁移内相中，从含有Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋和Ｍｎ＾３＋等离子混合溶液２中分离富集Ｆ，氟的回收率为９９．５－１００．４％，ＲＳＤ在３．８％以下。     

胶体超滤法去除水中低含量重金属离子

本文研究了用超滤膜去除水中胶态重金属离子氢氧化物的可能性。实验表明，选用一定孔径的ＣＮ－ＣＡ膜和Ｇ－ＣＳ膜可以有效地去除水中Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｎｉ＾２＋，Ｃｄ＾２＋，Ｐｂ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋等金属离子的氢氧化物，实验所采用的方法还可用来研究氢氧化物的两性及金属离子随溶液ｐＨ值的变化而引起的化学形态的变化。     

不锈钢在湿法磷酸中腐蚀行为研究

本文采用腐蚀实验和电化学测试方法对不锈钢在湿法磷酸中的腐蚀行为进行了研究，并进行钝化膜的组成与结构分析。研究表明，磷酸中加入ＳＯ４＾２＾－，ｃＬ＾－，Ｆ＾－均提高合金的维钝电流密度和致纯电流浓度，加速材料的腐蚀，这些杂质共存时腐蚀性更大。湿法磷酸中存在的Ｓｉ＾４＾＋，Ａｌ＾３＾＋，Ｍｇ＾２＾＋和Ｆｅ＾３＾＋起缓蚀作用。不锈钢纯化膜主要由Ｃｒ和Ｆｅ的氧化物组成，表面形成致密稳定的Ｃｒ２Ｏ３保护膜是提     

锡镍镀液中Sn^2＋和Ni^2＋离子浓度的伏安测定

采用ＤＺ－１Ｂ型电镀添加剂测定仪测定锡镍合金镀液中主盐的浓度，实验结果表明，应用玻碳电极和汞膜电极可快速测定合金镀液中Ｓｎ＾２＋和Ｎｉ＾２＋离子的浓度，操作简便，适用于电镀车间生产的现场监控。     

缔合型链式硬球自扩散系数方程

将链式硬球模型自扩散系数方程与统计缔合流体理论（SAFT）相结合起来。实际非球状的缔合分子以有缔合点的硬球链来模拟。缔合流体中自扩散系数被认为是由非缔合贡献和氢键缔合贡献两部分组成：链式硬球自扩散系数方程用以计算非缔合流体的自扩散系数，而统计缔合流体理论描述了氢键数与密度和温度的关系，从而得到缔合对自扩散系数的影响，对于水（包括超临界水），醇类和HF等流体在宽广的压力和温度范围内，使用实验数据对本方程进行检验，其自扩散系数的相对平均偏差在7．5％左右。     

液膜法分离富集,测定水中微量锶

用状液膜体系对锶进行分离富集，该体系包括协同流动载体（ＰＭＢＰ、ＴＢＰ）、表面活性剂（ＳＰＡＮ８０）、增强剂（丙三醇）、溶剂（正己烷）和内相（１．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的盐酸溶液）。实验表明，在适宜的条件下，锶的富集效率可达９９．５％以上，而在此条件下许多共存离子，如Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｃａ＾２／、Ｍｇ＾２＾＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｚｒ＾４＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｐｂ＾２＋和ＲＥ＾３     

高压下长链分子的自扩散系数研究

在Lennard-Jones流体自扩散系数方程的基础上,结合链状硬球流体自扩散系数的分子模拟数据,提出了链状Lennard-Jones流体的自扩散系数方程。将所提出的方程应用于计算长链烷烃和硅油在0.1-600MPa下的自扩散系数,其平均相对偏差在10％以内,计算结果优于自扩散系数的粗糙Lennard-Jones模型。     

高效液膜分离富集镍基合金镀层中稀土总量

用ＴＢＰ－ＴＴＡ（协同流动载体）、ＳＰＡＮ８０和煤油高效液膜体系，研究∑ＲＥ＾３＋迁移行为。在适宜条件下，１０ｍｉｎ内，∑ＲＥ＾３＋的迁移率达９９．５％以上。在同样条件下，常见共存金属离子如Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｍｏ＾６＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋等均不被迁移；大量碱金属、碱土金属、Ｃｌ、ＮＯ３、ＣｌＯ４、Ｆ、ＳｉＯ３＾２－、ＳＯ４＾２－等离子也不影     

液膜分离富集测定镓

用ＴＯＰＯ「（Ｃ８Ｈ１７）３ＰＯ」为流动载体,Ｎ２０５为表面活性剂,液体石蜡为膜增强剂,正己烷为膜溶剂,Ｈ２Ｃ２Ｏ４作内相试剂的乳状液膜体系,迁移富集Ｇａ＾３＋,研究了乳状液膜的稳定性、温度、Ｇａ＾３＋的浓度、外相ｐＨ值、乳水比（Ｒｅｗ）、油内比（Ｒｏｉ）等因素对富集Ｇａ＾３＋的影响。实验结果表明,在适宜的条件下,Ｇａ＾３＋的富集率可达９９．５％～１００．５％,在相同条件下,常见共存的Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、ＭｎＡ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｔｉ＾４＋、Ｚｒ＾４＋、Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、碱金属离子、碱土金属离子等不被迁移富集;大量Ｃｌ＾－、Ｆ＾－、、ＮＯ３＾－、ＳＯ４＾２－、ＰＯ４＾３－等都不影响Ｃａ＾３＋的富集,高式样应预先用氯化氢除硅,以防止影响迁移富集Ｇａ＾３＋,只ａ＾３＋可     

磷酸盐玻璃中Tb^3＋离子的敏化发光与能量传递

研究了磷酸盐玻璃中Ｔｂ＾＋离子的敏化发光。结果表明；磷酸盐玻璃中Ｄｙ＾３＋，Ｃｅ＾３＋和Ｔｂ＾３＋产生敏化发光。确立了双掺Ｔｂ＾３＋和Ｄｙ＾３＋玻璃中Ｄｙ＾３＋－Ｔｂ＾３＋敏发化光的声子支助共振能量转移模型，双掺Ｔｂ＾３＋和Ｃｅ＾３＋玻璃中Ｃｅ＾３＋的激光发能通过无辐射能量共振转移每化发光，计算出Ｃｅ＾３＝－Ｔｂ＾３＋的有量传递效率，为确定最佳稀土离子掺加量提供了依据。     

Adsorption and Diffusion of VO2+ and VO2 + across Cation Membrane for All‐Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

A method based on a selectivity coefficient and the Nernst‐Planck equation is proposed to determine diffusion coefficients of vanadium ions across a cation exchange membrane in VO²⁺/H⁺ and VO₂ ⁺/H⁺ systems. This simplified method can be applied to high concentrations of vanadium ions. Three cation exchange membranes were studied. The logarithmic value of the selectivity coefficient was linearly dependent on the molar fraction of vanadium ions in solution. The diffusion coefficient of vanadium ions decreased with decreasing water content. The membrane with the lowest diffusion coefficient was selected as a battery separator and showed the lowest capacity loss of the studied membranes.     

甘氨酸在离子交换树脂中扩散过程的控制步骤

研究了甘氨酸在001 ×7,001 ×4和D061 3种阳离子树脂上离子交换动力学过程,对甘氨酸在3种离子交换树脂上的扩散过程控制步骤进行分析.使用间歇式搅拌槽法分别测定了不同温度下甘氨酸在001 ×7,001 ×4和D061树脂上的吸附曲线,估算了颗粒扩散系数和相间传质系数,并比较了3种阳离子交换树脂吸附甘氨酸的特性...     

Cation Interdiffusion in Polycrystalline Calcium and Strontium Titanate

A method has been developed to study bulk lattice interdiffusion between calcium and strontium titanate by fabrication of a diffusion couple using cosintering. The measured interdiffusion coefficients, ( C ), indicate that strontium impurity diffusion in calcium titanate occurs at a faster rate than calcium impurity diffusion in strontium titanate. These interdiffusion coefficients are composition independent when the concentration of the calcium cation exceeds that of the strontium cation; otherwise ( C ) is strongly composition dependent. Investigations into the effect of cation nonstoichiometry give results that are consistent with a defect incorporation reaction in which excess TiO₂, within the solid solubility limit, produces A-site cation vacancies as compensating defects. The interdiffusion coefficients increase with increasing concentrations of TiO₂, so it is concluded that interdiffusion of these alkaline-earth cations in their titanates occurs via a vacancy mechanism.     

SA/CS-CaCl2/PMCG新型生物微胶囊的扩散与截留性能

通过测定不同相对分子质量的PEG传递透过SA/CS-CaCl₂/PMCG生物微胶囊的性能,确定了SA/CS-CaCl₂/PMCG膜的截留相对分子质量在2000左右。同时又测量了小分子物质葡萄糖、乳糖、乙醇和谷氨酸在3种SA/CS-CaCl₂/PMCG微胶囊中的扩散性能,并用数学模型计算出了这些物质在不同微胶囊的混合扩散系数D_m以及相应的微胶囊膜层中扩散系数D₁。结果表明： D_m随PMCG浓度的增大先增大而后呈减小趋势,而D₁则随PMCG浓度的增大而增大;并且D₁《D_m,说明微胶囊中的传质阻力主要在微胶囊膜层中。     

局部组成型的互扩散系数模型

根据局部组成概念建立了混合物中互扩散系数与自扩系数的关系,并以分子集团迁移的概念建立了混合物中组分的自扩散系数的预测方法,由此预测二元系的自扩散系数和互扩散系数与实验结果符合良好,比经典的Ｈａｒｔｌｅｙ模型有了很大地改进。     

质子传导膜内受限空间离子扩散过程

以具有纳米尺度孔径的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)质子传导膜为对象,研究电解质溶液中水合离子在受限空间内的传递行为,证明使用纳米尺度多孔膜代替离子交换膜用于液流电池过程的可行性。利用渗透实验分别研究浓度场、压力场,以及不同渗透压条件下膜中离子扩散和水迁移现象,分析传质行为与膜结构和组成之间的关系。结果表明离子在纳米尺度孔径的PVDF膜中的扩散过程与溶液中类似,表观离子扩散系数不受浓度差推动力的影响;离子交换膜中的表观离子扩散系数随浓度差推动力提高而增加。在渗透压作用下,自制PVDF纳米孔膜的水迁移速率低于Nafion 117膜,水迁移带来的负面影响更小;对于H⁺/VO²⁺的离子选择系数超过300,有效透过H⁺而阻止VO²⁺,适用于全钒液流电池过程。     

Self‐diffusion measurements of organic molecules in PDMS and water in sodium alginate membranes

The self‐diffusion of some organic molecules in silicone rubber and of water and water–ethanol mixtures in sodium alginate membranes was investigated to obtain information on the transport behavior in these systems. The temperature dependence of self‐diffusion was examined by the pulsed field gradient NMR technique. The experimental data confirm the homogeneous amorphous nature of PDMS and the affinity of silicone rubber to apolar solvents. The interrelations between solvent and polymer structures of the sodium alginate membrane varying the temperature have been obtained using differential scanning calorimetric. The results have been compared with the trend of self‐diffusion coefficients, and structure modifications of the membranes have been evidenced. The overall results confirm the potentialities of the technique used in measuring transport parameter in polymeric membranes. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 1119–1128, 1999     

拟稳态法测定气相扩散系数

根据拟稳态一维扩散原理,建立了气相扩散系数的测定装置。在该装置上,测定了8个体系的气相扩散系数,其中CH_2Cl_2-空气,CH_2Cl_2-H_2,CH_3CH_2Br-空气,CH_3Cl_2Br-H_2,CHCl_3-H_2等5个体系的气相扩散系数实验值,迄今尚未见文献报道。实验结果表明,本测试装置稳定性好,实验误差小,实验装置体积小,测试过程较为简便。     

Ytterbium Cation Diffusion in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG)—Implications for Creep Mechanisms

The lattice and grain-boundary diffusion coefficients of ytterbium, which substitutes for yttrium, have been determined in high-purity, stoichiometric yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) polycrystals in the temperature range 1400°–1550°C, in air. Ytterbium oxide thin films were produced on the YAG surfaces by a dipping method. After diffusion treatments, the penetration profiles were established by secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and the diffusion coefficients were calculated from the thin-film solution of Fick's equation. The difference between the volume and grain-boundary diffusion coefficients is ∼5 orders of magnitude in the temperature range studied. The cation activation energies (∼550 kJ/mol) are much larger than those for oxygen (∼300–350 kJ/mol). The effective diffusion coefficient deduced from high-temperature deformation data reported in the literature for YAG polycrystals, assuming grain-boundary sliding accommodated by volume diffusion, is in excellent agreement, both in magnitude and activation energy, with the cation diffusion data.     

Electrochemical studies and self diffusion coefficients in cyclic ammonium based ionic liquids with allyl substituents

Several cyclic ammonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with allyl substituent are synthesized, these allyl substituent ILs have high ionic conductivity (up to 4.72 mS cm⁻¹ at 30 °C) and wide electrochemical window of 5 V. The electrochemical behaviors of two organometallic redox couples Fc/Fc⁺ (ferrocene/ferrocenium) and Cc/Cc⁺ (cobaltocene/cobaltocenium) have been studied in these ILs, the calculated Stokes–Einstein product (Dη T⁻¹) of ferrocene in ILs is larger than that of cobaltocenium in ILs. The self-diffusion coefficients of cation and anion in these ILs are studied using pulsed gradient spin-echo NMR technique. There are very few reports where electrochemically derived diffusion coefficients and self diffusion coefficients are available for comparison, so a new key concept in electrochemistry could be developed in this paper.