Optical Wavelength Conversion by Cross-Phase Modulation of Data Signals up to 640 Gb/s

In this paper, all-optical wavelength conversion by cross-phase modulation in a highly nonlinear fiber is investigated. Regenerative properties of the wavelength converter are demonstrated, and the effect of adding Raman gain to enhance the performance of the wavelength converter is shown. The wavelength conversion scheme is demonstrated at the record-high bit rate of 640 Gb/s.     

数据中心万兆屏蔽与非屏蔽布线分析

高效、安全的数据中心布线系统是提高数据中心网络通信系统性能的关键.从抗干扰性、散热和节能效果等方面,对万兆屏蔽布线和非屏蔽布线两种方案进行了比较,指出数据巾心布线更适合采用万兆屏蔽布线方案.同时,对万兆屏蔽布线系统的性能优势进行了简要的阐述.     

40 Gb/s Field-Modulated Wavelength Converters for All-Optical Packet Switching

We present a high-functionality photonic integrated circuit that performs field-modulated wavelength conversion. This device incorporates an on-chip sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector laser for wide tunability. Wavelength conversion is accomplished using a preamplified semiconductor optical amplifier photodiode receiver interconnected with a traveling-wave modulator to form a high-speed optical gate. This paper discusses the design and performance of this device, as well as its potential for optical packet switching applications. Error-free wavelength conversion is demonstrated at 40 Gb/s with 1–3 dB power penalty compared with back-to-back transmission over 22 nm of input and output tuning. Output extinction in all cases is greater than 9 dB, and conversion efficiency ranges from $-$2 to $-$ 6 dB over the tuning range. This device additionally demonstrates the capability for external 10 Gb/s modulation, which can be used for optical label encoding.      

10 Gb/s very short reach transmission in parallel optical link

This paper introduces vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) based very short reach VSR parallel optical interconnection in SONET/SDH OC-192 applications, which is compliant with the requirements of optical internetworking forum OIF VSR4-01.0 and VSR4-03.0 interfaces, respectively. All logic functions of the converter IC are implemented in an FPGA. Tested by an SDH tester, a system bit error rate (BER) of lower than 1 × 10⁻¹⁴ has been obtained.     

Breaking the 100 Gb/s barrier [From the Guest Editor's Desk]

Communication means and habits have evolved steadily during the entire history of humanity. However, during the last decade we observed a dramatic evolution. Technical progress allows new ways of communication, and new techniques and habits are rapidly spreading over the world. Mobile phones and Internet connections can be found in the most remote locations. These new ways of communicating are having an impact on the everyday life of billions of people.     

Low-Crosstalk 103 Channel$,times,$10 Gb/s (1.03 Tb/s) Wavelength Conversion With a Quasi-Phase-Matched LiNbO$_3$Waveguide

We propose a low-crosstalk multichannel wavelength conversion scheme based on a parametric process. Simultaneous wavelength conversion of 25 GHz spaced 103 channel$,times,$10 Gb/s (1.03 Tb/s) wavelength-division multiplexing signals with an 8- and 4-nm guard band is successfully demonstrated by using a quasi-phase-matched lithium niobate waveguide. The method is evaluated both theoretically and experimentally.     

Field demonstration of up to 640 gb/s (64 ch/spl times/10 gb/s) GWP switching networks with a QPM-LN wavelength converter in JGN II test bed

The first field experiment of virtual grouped-wavelength-path switching is successfully demonstrated by using polarization-independent multichannel wavelength conversion in a quasi-phase-matched lithium niobate waveguide and an 8/spl times/8 matrix switch. Contention resolution functionality is confirmed by using wavebands composed of 25GHz spaced, 8- or 64-ch, 10 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexing signals, transmitted through field-installed fibers in Japan Gigabit Network II optical test bed.     

升降法空气间隙放电试验数据的稳健性处理

通过引入稳健性理论,对升降法空气间隙放电试验数据进行了稳健性处理。与传统处理方法比较,稳健性处理得到的U50估计值优于传统方法,大量试验数据分析也验证了此结论。     

Design of LC/sub p/C/sub s/ resonant inverters as a power source for HID lamp ballast applications

This paper presents a new criterion for the design of resonant inverters for driving high-intensity-discharge (HID) lamps. The proposed converter behaves almost as a power source, for a wide load range, regardless of the lamp aging. In order to achieve good repeatability, the analysis of lamp power sensitivity regarding the tolerance of the circuit components is carried out. The design is validated with experimental results and a statistical simulation by the Monte Carlo method.     

Using an adjustable low-voltage electric drive for pumps supplying makeup water to a cogeneration station’s heating network

Means of selecting an efficient facility for introducing an adjustable electric drive are considered, taking into account the features and conditions of its operation at a cogeneration stations. The use of adjust able electric drives for the makeup pumps of a heating network is analyzed, and their technical and economic indicators are determined.     

一种新型零电压零电流开关三电平DC/DC变换器的研究

该文介绍了一种新型的带有简单辅助电路的零电压零电流开关（ZVZCS）三电平DC/DC变换器，它的辅助电路不含耗能元件和有源开关，可实现超前管的零电压开通和滞后管的零电流关断。耦合电感取代了常规滤波电感，它所感应出的电压由功率变压器反射到初级，使得变换器在零状态时的循环电流减小到零。通过改变耦合线圈的匝数比，可以任意设置用于电流回零的电压幅值的大小，调节电流回零的时间。文中介绍了该变换器的工作原理，讨论了设计参数。通过实验验证，该电路具有辅助电路简单、效率高、整流二极管承受的电压低和环流自动调节等优点，适用于高电压、大功率的应用场合。     

Accuracy of Irradiance Forecasts Using JMA Numerical Weather Prediction Data at Numerous Points Corresponding to a High Degree of PV Penetration

To assure power system stability when variable photovoltaic (PV) power generation is deployed on a large scale, accurate irradiance forecasting will be important in the near future. A substantial amount of PVs will be generating power at numerous locations in the power service area, and it will be necessary to predict the total PV output for supply/demand balancing control. Therefore, irradiance forecasting accuracy should be verified using the total irradiance at numbers of sites equivalent to areas with large‐scale PV deployment. This paper reports an investigation of the accuracy of an approach to area total irradiance prediction based on regional numerical weather prediction data from the Japan Meteorological Agency. The forecast area total irradiance is compared to the assumed total area irradiance for numbers of sites equivalent to large‐scale PV deployment.     

基于2型模糊集小脑模型的DC/DC变换器控制系统

随着新能源行业的不断发展,DC/DC变换器越来越多地被运用于各行各业,而DC/DC变换器在负载的效率直接影响到整个系统的效率。因此针对DC/DC变换器,以BUCK电路为例,设计了一种基于滑模区间的2型模糊小波的小脑模型关节控制器(T2WFCMAC)的控制系统。该系统包括主控制器和鲁棒补偿控制器。主控制器是T2WFCMAC,用于模拟理想控制器,鲁棒补偿控制器用于补偿主控制器和理想控制器之间的逼近误差。为了提高控制系统的鲁棒性,采用滑动模态超平面,利用梯度下降法得到了T2WFCMAC参数调整的自适应律。通过李雅普诺夫函数来验证控制系统的稳定性。最后,通过搭建试验平台,验证该方法在负载电阻变化情况下是否比传统PID控制和普通模糊控制更加有效。     

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Using a Mid-Infrared Tunable Laser for Direct Protein Analysis

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) using a mid-infrared (MIR) laser is a promising technique for the study of biomolecules. We achieved the measurement of an insoluble protein under strong denaturing conditions using two lasers, a UV laser and a free electron laser (FEL). The FEL is a powerful tool for the IR-MALDI; however, it is expensive and difficult to operate. We developed a MIR-MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometer combined with a tunable MIR nanosecond pulsed laser, which was developed by the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN; Wako, Japan) and Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). We evaluated the advantages of MIR-MALDI using this MIR nanosecond pulsed laser with a urea matrix and compared the results with that from previous study using the FEL. The molecular mass of insulin with urea was obtained at wavelength between 5.8 and 6.2 mum, which corresponds to the >C=O stretching vibration mode. In particular, a high SNR was observed at a wavelength of 5.9 mum. This technique produced a better SNR than that of a previous study that used the FEL.     

New Package Scheme of a 2.5-Gb/s Plastic Transceiver Module Employing Multiwall Nanotubes for Low Electromagnetic Interference

A novel polymer-based multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with high shielding effectiveness (SE) for use in packaging a 2.5-Gb/s plastic transceiver module is demonstrated. The MWCNT composites are tested to evaluate the electromagnetic (EM) shielding against emitted radiation from the optical transceiver modules. The results show that the SE of MWCNT composite packages exhibit 38–45 dB in the far-field source and 28–40 dB in the near-field source at a frequency range of 1–3 GHz, and an average of 14 dB for the optical transceiver modules at a frequency of 2.5 GHz. The MWCNT composites with their high SE are potentially suitable for packaging low-cost and low-EM-interference optical transceiver modules used in Gigabit Ethernet or fiber-to-the-home lightwave transmission systems.     

Condition assessment of 12- and 24-kV XLPE cables installed during the 80s. Results from a joint Norwegian/Swedish research project

This paper reports the results from the condition assessment of 12- and 24-kV cross-linked polyethylene (XPLE) cables using a technique based on dielectric spectroscopy initially developed at KTH in Sweden. The work aims to examine whether the method could detect water tree degradation for the second generation medium voltage (MV) cables with long, but not bridging, water trees. While the overall cable condition was better than expected for second generation XPLE cables, water trees were found in most of the selected cables. The diagnostic method based on the measurement of the dielectric response could only detect water tree degradation in the examined second generation cables when the water trees bridged the insulation wall. Condition assessment above service stress may, in some cases, be required to detect bridging water trees. The results indicate that there is a correlation between the voltage level and the breakdown voltage of the cable. This can be used as a diagnostic criterion for this group of cables.