基于多语义关系的个性化查询扩展方法*

随着数字内容不断增长,信息检索技术已经不能满足不同用户对高精度信息内容获取的需求.文中提出基于多语义关系的个性化查询扩展方法,并应用于基于社会化标签的个性化搜索系统.模型使用标签-主题模型对用户兴趣模型进行建模,能够更有效地表达语义和提升搜索效果.在此基础上,进一步提出基于多语义关系的个性化查询扩展方法,利用社会化标签的多重语义特征进行扩展词的选择.在大规模真实社会化标签数据集上的实验表明,文中方法优于非个性化搜索及其它基于社会化标签系统的个性化查询扩展方法.     

面向微博短文本的社交与概念化语义扩展搜索方法

充分挖掘微博短文本的语义以实现精准搜索是一项重要任务.由于微博文本内容具有稀疏性和语义局限性的特点,使得仅通过分析字面语义来进行短文本理解和相似性匹配的传统搜索方法受到了一定的限制.因此提出了一种社交与概念化语义结合的扩展搜索方法,通过挖掘社交网络独特的社交属性如#标签#、“@”和链接信息URL,对微博短文本实现进一步的社交语义扩展.该方法将文本字面分析获取的概念词语和社交关系中潜在的关联标签信息相结合,对短文本进行2种角度下的语义特征表示,实现了基于微博短文本语义充分理解的精准搜索.在微博数据集上的对比实验表明,与已有的扩展搜索方法相比所提方法能捕捉更多的语义特征,微博搜索的性能也得到了显著的提升.     

基于软件知识图谱的代码语义标签自动生成方法

开源及企业软件项目和各类软件开发网站上的代码片段是重要的软件开发资源.然而,很多开发者代码搜索需求反映的代码的高层意图和主题难以通过基于代码文本的信息检索技术来实现精准的代码搜索.因此,反映代码整体意图和主题的语义标签对于改进代码搜索、辅助代码理解都具有十分重要的作用.现有的标签生成技术主要面向文本内容或依赖于历史数据,无法满足大范围代码语义标注和辅助搜索、理解的需要.针对这一问题,提出了一种基于知识图谱的代码语义标签自动生成方法KGCodeTagger.该方法通过基于API文档和软件开发问答文本的概念和关系抽取构造软件知识图谱,作为代码语义标签生成的基础.针对给定的代码,该方法识别并抽取出通用API调用或概念提及,并链接到软件知识图谱中的相关概念上.在此基础上,该方法进一步识别与所链接的概念相关的其他概念作为候选,然后按照多样性和代表性排序,产生最终的代码语义标签.通过实验对KGCodeTagger软件知识图谱构建的各个步骤进行了评估,并通过与几个已有的基准方法的比较,对所生成的代码语义标签质量进行了评估.实验结果表明,KGCodeTagger的软件知识图谱构建步骤是合理有效的,该方法所生成的代码语义标签是高质量、有意义的,能够帮助开发人员快速理解代码的意图.     

基于层次标签的机器学习流程组装

随着机器学习的兴起,算子数目飞速增长,组装算子需要搜索的解空间增大,流程组装时间指数倍增长,如何降低搜索解空间,从而降低组装时间,实现支持适应用户功能性需求的机器学习流程组装成为当前研究的热点.文中提出了一种基于层次标签、支持机器学习领域的流程组装方法.首先,从算子语义中提取标签,根据标签包含语义范围确定层次标签模型;其次,根据机器学习领域发现标签关系,确立领域组装模型,按照用户确定的功能性需求,确定最终领域标签模型;最后领域内算子与标签语义绑定,确定领域内算子关系模型,根据组装规则组装算子,形成满足用户功能性需求的全部算子流程.最后给出了支持该方法的实例,用以说明该方法的可行性;提出结果验证标准,用以说明结果的正确性与完整性.     

改进的语义分割模型及其应用

训练语义分割网络模型需要较为繁琐的人工标注作为训练标签,同时语义分割模型在构建和运行过程中也存在超参数较难确定以及模型过于庞大等问题。为解决这类问题,提出了一种基于标注框生成热点图的标签生成方法,简化了语义分割训练标签的人工标注过程。以及在可微分神经网络结构搜索方法的基础上提出了一种对硬件要求更低的神经网络结构搜索方法,并基于此种方法改进了特征金字塔结构,构建了一个改进的语义分割模型,并在安全帽与口罩检测数据集上进行了试验。与U-Net、FPN等模型比较,新的模型在参数量、计算速度以及精确度上都更有优势。     

基于视觉和语义互学习的标签完备标注

大多数图像标签完备方法仅依据待完备图像的视觉特征搜索近邻图像,获取候选标签实现完备,往往忽略候选标签与初始标签隐含的语义和视觉关系.为有效完备图像标签,本文依据信息的相互学习机制提出一种基于视觉和语义互学习的标签完备标注方法.首先,依据待完备图像的视觉特征和初始标签语义,搜索其近邻图像集并获取候选标签;其次,根据候选标...     

融合标签语义知识的价值观多标签文本分类

为了准确识别网络文本中的价值观倾向,该文提出了一种融合标签语义知识实现价值观多标签文本分类的策略。首先基于价值观理论体系,构建了价值观知识图谱;然后构建了价值观多标签文本分类数据集;最后提出了融合标签语义知识的价值观多标签文本分类模型,通过两种方式融合价值观标签的语义知识。其一,利用标签语义信息进行文本表示学习,获得每个标签对于文本中不同词的重要程度;其二,利用标签的语义知识,计算标签与文本的语义相似度,并与分类模型结果融合。实验表明,该方法可以较好地解决价值观多标签分类问题,尤其可以缓解“尾标签”问题,最终在top@1结果上达到62.44%的精确率,在top@3上达到66.92%的召回率。     

基于BDI的语义搜索及其在数字旅游中的应用

目前的上下文处理方法对语义技术支持不足,导致语义搜索在精准度和智能化上存在局限。提出一种基于BDI(BeliefDesire-Intention)的语义搜索方法,对动态上下文进行语义描述,利用BDI机制优化搜索结果。该方法将用户查询、动态上下文与BDI框架的Belief融合,通过产品特征语义、业务语义推理上下文特征和搜索目标特征作为Desire,通过基于Min Hash的语义相似度计算进行候选Intention排序。结合项目需求,在JADEX开源BDI Agent环境下,开发了基于上述语义搜索的旅游产品搜索系统。该系统通过ID3决策树提取用户当前行程的上下文特征实现了语义搜索功能,实验表明该方法搜索准确率相比仅使用语义相似度搜索方法明显提高,能够满足旅游产品搜索的要求。     

基于多标签语义关联关系的微博用户兴趣建模方法

微博用户利用标签信息表征其兴趣及属性,通过分析微博用户标签特点以及现有微博推荐方法的局限性,提出一种改进的基于多标签语义关联关系的微博兴趣建模方法。为了解决现有加标方法忽略了语义关联及多标签间关联的问题,首先通过计算标签对在微博用户集合中的共现频率得到标签对语义内联关系;其次构建由标签对连接词组成的路径,通过共享熵进一步计算标签对语义外联关系;最后将两者结合得到标签对语义关联关系矩阵,由此来对用户 标签矩阵进行更新,得到基于多标签语义关联关系的微博用户兴趣模型。以新浪微博公开API抓取的大量微博信息作为实验数据,进行了一系列的实验和分析,结果表明本文构建的用户兴趣模型具有较好的性能。     

基于耦合相关度的空间数据查询结果自动分类方法

由于空间数据库通常蕴含海量数据,因此一个普通的空间查询很可能会导致多查询结果问题。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种空间查询结果自动分类方法。在离线阶段,根据空间对象之间的位置相近度和语义相关度来评估空间对象之间的耦合关系,在此基础上利用概率密度评估方法对空间对象进行聚类,每个聚类代表一种类型的用户需求;在在线查询处理阶段,对于一个给定的空间查询,在查询结果集上利用改进的C4.5决策树算法动态生成一棵查询结果分类树,用户可通过检查分类树分支的标签来逐步定位到其感兴趣的空间对象。实验结果表明,提出的空间对象聚类方法能够有效地体现空间对象在语义和位置上的相近性,查询结果分类方法具有较好的分类效果和较低的搜索代价。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.