香豆素类染料的荧光光谱性能及应用性能研究

研究了9只香豆素类荧光染料(Ⅰ-Ⅶ)的光谱性能和应用性能。香豆素类荧光染料在5’-位有取代基可使最大可见吸收波长和荧光发射波长产生红移;当共轭双键长度增加,可使染料颜色变深(V:544,VI:552)。这9只染料用于涤纶染色有很好的应用性能,差别不大;嗯唑环结构(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)和喹唑酮结构(Ⅵ)的染料耐光牢度明显好于噻唑环结构(Ⅴ)和咪唑环结构(Ⅶ)的染料。     

香豆素类化合物的合成及其光谱性质的研究

本文分别用Wittig反应、Perkin反应和Pechmanmn反应合成了邻甲氧基取代二苯乙烯及其由内酯键固环为3-位苯环或4-位苯环取代的香豆素化合物，固环为3-位苯环取代的香豆素化合物的最大吸收波长稍有红移约2nm，而发射波长产生了约20nm的较大红移，Stokes位移增大了18nm，荧光量子效率也稍有提高。香豆素化合物在7-位由供电基甲氧基取代后，最大吸收波长红移16nm，发射波长红移21nm，Stokes位移增大5nm，荧光量子效率却提高了近四倍，荧光量子效率接近1．0。7-位同为甲免基取代，由3-位对溴苯基变为4-位对溴苯基取代时，吸收波长蓝移16nnn，荧光发射波长亦蓝移20nm，Scokes位移降低4nm，荧光量子效率大幅度降低。     

热分解三苯氧基膦臭氧加成物产生单线态氧与6-羟基-1,4-顺,顺-环辛二烯的反应

控制反应条件,热分解三苯氧基膦臭氧加成物(Ⅱ)产生单线态分子氧,其产率由70％提高到98％,同单线态氧的探针化合物α-蒎烯反应,得到单一的“ene”型产物,松香芹醇(pinocarveol)。同6-羟基-1,4-顺,顺-环辛二烯(Ⅰ)反应占优势的过程也是“ene”反应,分离出还原产物5,8-二羟基-1,3-顺,顺-环辛二烯(Ⅲ),以及(Ⅲ)的热重排产物6-羟基-4-顺-环辛烯酮(Ⅳ),这同用光敏氧化的方法氧化(Ⅰ)得到的结果相一致。通过构型分析,说明了化合物(Ⅰ)同单线态氧作用,通过协同的“ene”反应进行,使分子轨道相互作用不利的[_π4_s+_π2_s]加成过程被抑制。     

泰拉菌素的合成工艺改进

以阿奇霉素A(Ⅰ)为原料,经苄氧羰酰氯保护2'位羟基得到保护的阿奇霉素A(Ⅱ),然后经Albright-Goldman方法氧化4″位羟基得到Cbz保护的酮(Ⅲ),酮通过Wittig-Horner反应得到保护的烯(Ⅳ),烯经双氧水氧化得到保护的环氧化合物(Ⅴ),保护的环氧化合物在Pd/C催化下脱保护得到脱保护的环氧化合物(Ⅵ),脱保护的环氧化合物与正丙胺反应开环得到泰拉菌素粗品,粗品泰拉菌素成磷酸盐纯化,最后解析得到泰拉菌素(Ⅶ),总收率为42.0%,经HPLC测定w(Ⅶ)=98.0%。该法改进了文献合成方法,不需采用极低温反应。     

降香抗氧化成分的提取及活性研究

用w(C2H3OH)=95%乙醇提取降香成分,并用石油醚、三氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次进行萃取,以猪油和海鞘油脂为底物,利用氧化稳定测定仪(OSI仪)进行抗氧化实验,结果显示乙酸乙酯提取物具有明显的抗氧化活性;对其进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到8种成分:2,4 二羟基 5 甲氧基苯甲酮(Ⅰ),2′,3′,7 三羟基 4 甲氧基 异黄烷酮(Ⅱ),3′ 甲氧基异黄酮苷(Ⅲ),4′,5,7 三羟基 3 甲氧基黄酮(Ⅳ),驴食草酚(Ⅴ)和美迪紫檀素(Ⅵ),己酸2 丙烯酯(Ⅶ)和棕榈酸乙酯(Ⅷ)。其中化合物Ⅰ～Ⅵ对猪油和海鞘油脂均具有一定的抗氧化能力。在这8种化合物中,化合物Ⅱ和Ⅳ的抗氧化活性最强,Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ和Ⅵ次之,Ⅶ,Ⅷ几乎没有抗氧化作用。     

胡椒醛缩合卟啉化合物的合成及其光谱性能

以胡椒醛及羟基芳香醛为原料与吡咯在丙酸中回流,合成了6种卟啉化合物,其结构用1HNMR,IR,UV-V is和ESI-MS确定。与四苯基卟啉(TPP)相比,胡椒醛的引入增大了卟啉环的共轭性,使几种化合物的光学吸收波长均发生不同程度的红移,其中,Soret带最大红移11 nm;同时,胡椒醛的引入缩小了基态与激发态之间的能极差,化合物荧光发射波长发生1~5 nm的红移。     

基于三苯胺的D-A-π-A-D型化合物的合成及光物理性能

以甲氧基三苯胺为电子供体,苯并噻二唑为电子受体,咔唑为共轭π桥,通过三步Suzuki偶联反应合成了D-A-π-A-D型荧光化合物4,4′-[(7,7′-9 H-咔唑-2,7-)-二(苯并噻二唑-7,4-)]-二(N,N-二(4-甲氧基苯基))苯胺(DTB-CZ),并用1HNMR、¹³CNMR、MALDI-TOF等手段对其结构进行表征。研究了它的光谱性能、电化学性能、轨道能级和热性能,并与D-π-D型化合物2TPA-CZ1的性能进行了比较。初步探索了DTB-CZ作为空穴传输材料在PSC中的应用。研究结果表明,DTB-CZ在甲苯溶液中的最大吸收波长为479 nm,最大发射波长为608 nm,在薄膜状态下最大吸收波长为495 nm,HOMO/LUMO能级为-4.91/-2.82 eV,带隙值为2.09 eV,热分解温度(T_5d)为449.6℃,玻璃化转变温度(T_g)为143.1℃。相比2TPA-CZ1,在甲苯溶液中吸收和发射波长分别红移了104、182 nm,在薄膜状态下吸收波长红移109 nm;带隙值降低0.84 eV;T 5d和T g分别提高了9.6、24.7℃。结果表明,苯并噻二唑的引入,使化合物的共轭程度增大,带隙值降低,使得吸收和发射波长红移,使其具有更好的热稳定性和形态稳定性。     

1,8-萘酰亚胺类化合物的荧光光谱性能研究

研究了11种新型1，8-萘二甲酰亚胺类荧光化合物的荧光光谱性能。利用紫外光谱仪和荧光光谱仪测定了这两类化合物的紫外光谱和荧光光谱，分别得到最大吸收波长、最大激发波长、最大荧光发射波长，并以硫酸奎宁的0.5mol／l硫酸水溶液为参比标准，测定了各化合物的荧光量子产率在此基础上，研究了浓度、溶荆对荧光性能的影响、以及化合物结构与荧光性能的关系。结果表明，1，8-萘酰亚胺粪化合物随着浓度的增大，荧光光谱发生红移，且斯托克斯位移增大。随着溶剂极性的增大，最大荧光发射波长发生红移，斯托克斯位移增大，荧光量子产率增大在1，8-萘酰亚胺类化合物的4-位引入笨并呋喃取代基后，最大荧光发射波长红移70nm～100nm，斯托克斯位移增大20nm～50nm，荧光量子产率明显增大。     

2,5-双〔4-(N,N-二苯基)氨基苯基〕吡啶的合成及光谱性质

三芳胺是传统的空穴传输材料,该文将其引入磷光配体2-苯基吡啶中,得到一种具有双重性质的磷光配体2,5-双〔4-(N,N-二苯基)氨基苯基〕吡啶,并通过元素分析,核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了确认。通过比较其与另外两种磷光配体在二氯甲烷中的紫外吸收光谱和光致发光光谱表明,由于二苯胺这样一个强供电子性基团的引入,增强了π电子的离域范围,降低了这种磷光配体的HOMO轨道和LUMO轨道之间的能壑,使其最大吸收峰波长红移99 nm,最大发射峰波长红移48 nm,且吸收和发射的强度增加,Stokes位移为72 nm。     

1，4－双（4’－N，N－二甲基氨基苯乙烯基）萘的合成及荧光性质

利用Wittig反应合成了一个以萘为π-Center的对称型“D-π-D”有机绿色发光化合物1，4-双(4'-N，N-二甲基氨基苯乙烯基)萘(BDASN)，并测试了其在不同环境中的光谱性质．在378nm激发波长的激发下，BDASN显示出很强的荧光发射峰，峰位在521nm(CH2Cl2)．随着溶剂极性增大，最大发射波长红移且荧光强度降低，与“D-π-A”分子具有相似的分子内电荷转移(TICT)行为．在β-环糊精(β-CD)中BDASN的绿色发光带被猝灭，同时在450nm附近蓝发光带的荧光强度骤增．     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。