大型发电机定子局放在线检测中放电量标定研究

发电机局部放电信号强度是判断定子绝缘状态的一个重要参量,目前对发电机定子局部放电信号的强度有多种表示方法,造成了认识上的混乱。本文探讨了大型发电机定子局放量标定中存在的困难及其原因,讨论了采用不同带宽的检测系统对放电量标定带来的影响,对大型发电机定子局部放电信号强度的表示方法提出了建议。     

汽轮发电机定子线棒局部放电检测方法的探讨

旋转电机绕组局部放电已经有50多年的测量经验,通常当电机线圈绝缘内部有分层或表面和槽内放电都会引起局部放电,但对于大型汽轮发电机,尤其线圈绝缘的离线局放测量国内外很少研究。根据旋转电机定子线圈的局部放电试验标准和方法,对不同类型及容量的大型汽轮发电机线圈的局部放电进行了试验研究,并对其特征进行了对比分析,对单根汽轮发电机线棒的局部放电测量方法、放电模式和评估方法进行了初步研究。     

大型同步发电机定子绝缘宽频带局部放电监测与分析

局部放电是大型同步发电机定子绝缘劣化的重要标志,有效地对发电机定子绝缘局部放电进行实时检测、跟踪分析,准确把握局部放电的变化趋势,是预防发电机异常短路、损害、烧毁等故障的重要手段,通过采用宽频带检测技术,通过安装于发电机中性点的耦合电容与电阻传感器有效捕捉定子绝缘局部放电信号,在此基础上,应用时频联合的数字信号分析技术,实现了局部放电信号与噪声的有效分离,在此基础上,采用局部放电谱图分析方法,比对国际标准实现了定子绝缘故障的准确定位,并在一台250 MW大型同步发电机上的应用证明了该方法的有效性。     

发电机定子线棒内部放电仿真及检测技术

<正>发电机定子绕组运行状态对电力系统有至关重要的影响,绝缘缺陷会导致发电机内部产生局部放电,不利于发电机及电力系统的稳定运行。构造了发电机定子线棒电路模型,并确定电路参数,使用Simulink搭建了仿真电路并对仿真结果进行了实验验证,实验结果与仿真结果基本相同。为发电机定子绕组局部放电提供了更精准、更直观的理论及数据支持,为发电机状态检修提供了诊断依据。     

基于虚拟仪器技术的大型发电机局部放电在线监测系统

为有效地监测大型发电机运行过程中定子绝缘的局部放电，了解定子绝缘的老化状态，基于虚拟仪器技术开发了大型发电机局部放电在线监测系统。对虚拟仪器的概念、系统的软硬件组成、安装方案、功能及其特点进行详细介绍，并给出实验室的测量结果。     

发电机定子绝缘局部放电的测量

局部放电老化是发电机定子绕组绝缘的主要老化因素之一,定期的监视发电机定子绝缘的局部放电或槽放电特性的变化,可以及时了解与掌握发电机绝缘的运行状态。本文介绍一种用双电磁传感器逐槽测量线棒绝缘局部放电量的新方法。几年来,应用这种方法在4台汽轮发电机和1台水轮发电机定子绝缘上,进行了局部放电测量,获得满意的结果。     

发电机常见绝缘故障的形成、特征及发展

根据大型发电机的运行经验分析及事故统计,提出了发电机定子绕组绝缘局部放电、槽放电等的起因、特征及发展过程流程图。     

根据三维谱图识别变压器绝缘典型模型放电的研究

分析了变压器绝缘的主要放电形式,设计了模拟变压器放电的４种试验模型,进行了不同情况下模型的放电试验。使用数字化测量装置,在双层屏蔽试验室内,取得了各种模型放电的放电量－相位信息。采用三维谱图提取放电指纹特征,并用人工神经网络业识别不同的放电类型,分析了不同数据处理方式对放电识别的影响,研究结果表明,人工神经网络对油纸变压器绝缘放电有足够识别能力。     

基于遗传编程的绝缘内部局部放电缺陷模式识别

采用新的模拟进化技术——遗传编程，进行局部放电模式识别以区分不同的绝缘内部缺陷类型。制作了4种结构的人工缺陷模型以模拟发电机定子中典型的绝缘内部放电，从局部放电试验中获得二维和三维谱图特征，计算局放信号的矩特征值。首先用模糊方法将局部放电信号的矩特征表示为关于对象不确定知识的模糊特征，作为放电数据的预处理。再由遗传编程分类表达式进化生成局部放电缺陷类型判别函数，并采用递增式学习规则以提高最佳特征对局部放电缺陷分类的效果。另外，将Bootstrap统计模拟技术与遗传编程结合，以克服从小样本数据中进行知识获取的“瓶颈”。人工缺陷模型试验数据的测试结果表明，该方法在局部放电缺陷类型识别中得到了良好的识别效果。     

用前馈网络组对定子模型线棒放电模式的识别

为了通过放电性来判断大电机定子绝缘状态,对人工神经元网络组织识别放电类型和发展程度的能力进行了研究,在屏蔽试验室内,用定子线棒工业仿真模型取得了不同放电模式的大批试验数据,并用三维谱图对放电信息进行有效,以谱图表列数据为特征量构成放电样本。     

基于脉冲波形时域特征的局部放电识别

建立了一套数字化实时高速局部放电波形测量系统,由简单实验室模型和工业仿真模型取得了不同类型局部放电的脉冲电流波形,包括空气中和油中尖板电极放电,电机模型线棒内部气隙放电,线棒端部沿面放电,用分段的时域数据压缩法提取了脉冲波形特征,采用分级人工神经网络进行放电模式识别,以得较好效果。     

电机定子结构及其绝缘介电常数的频率特性对定子绕组电容值的影响

确定电机定子线棒的高频参数对于研究局部放电信号在电机绕组中的传播特性及研究PWM逆变器驱动的交流电机的定子绕组电压分布有重要意义。文中对大型汽轮发电机定子线棒的电容做了比较详细的研究，内容包括：对电机定子线棒复合绝缘等值介电常数的频率特性的测试研究、采用数值计算方法计算出用铝箔纸裹住的电机定子线棒的多导体传输线模型的单位长度电容、线棒股线间薄绝缘对电容的影响、对铁心硅钢片叠片间隙对电容的影响等。其数值计算结果与之前测量得到的电容值比较吻合，这也证明了通过测量开路阻抗、短路阻抗来得到电机定子线棒分布参数的试验方法是有效的。     

Partial discharge, dissipation factor, and corona aspects for high voltage electric generator stator bars and windings

High voltage stator windings in modern electric generators are subject to high electrical, mechanical, and thermal stress. Operation of these machines in both air and high pressure hydrogen results in different considerations. Operation in the air environment does not offer the dielectric advantages of operating in high-pressure hydrogen. The two major design factors that are significant for the design of high voltage stator bars to be operated in air, are corona activity and PD activity. These of course are closely related. With the movement to increasing the power density of generators, which means operation at higher voltages and higher insulation stress levels, it has become more critical to be sure the design constraints are met in the stator bar design to minimize both partial discharge activity and corona activity involving the stator bars. The stator bar insulation system must be designed for minimum partial discharge activity and ideally is corona free at the stator winding operating stress levels, and at the operating conditions (temperature and pressure) the generator is subject to. This paper will present the findings associated with the development work in designing, testing and implementing a PD reduced and corona free design.     

基于PEEC法的发电机定子绕组线棒高频电路模型

建立合理的电机定子绕组电路模型,对于研究定子绕组绝缘局部放电信号的传播规律,了解局部放电信号的特征具有重要意义.部分元等效电路(PEEC)法是基于电磁场方程推导出来的等值电路模型,能够对一些用传统方法难以建模的复杂物理结构建立合理的电路模型,并且所建模型可以方便地与其它模型(比如传输线模型)综合连接、计算仿真,该方法还能够综合考虑外部测量电路的影响,在集成电路高频电路模型建立中有广泛的应用.本文采用PEEC法原理,建立了电机定子绕组单根线棒高频电路模型和双根线棒的耦合传播模型,此方法克服了以往多导体均匀传输线理论在电机定子绕组电路模型建立中的不足.模型中的部分电感、部分电容等参数由PEEC原理结合相关计算软件求得.模型的仿真计算与实验结果比较,证实了所建模型的有效性及参数的准确性.     

Stator winding monitoring

Partial discharge tests can determine which motor and generator stator windings are experiencing insulation problems. A deteriorated winding has a PD activity which can be 30 times or more higher than a winding in good condition. This great difference in PD activity enables even nonspecialized maintenance personnel to identify the few motors or generators in a company which need further investigation and/or maintenance. There are several advantages to on-line partial discharge tests. Machines in good condition require less attention. The overall effect is lower maintenance costs. After implementing on-line partial discharge tests, as well as other monitoring such as flux probing or current harmonic analysis and improved temperature sensing, companies can often confidently extend the outage between major machine inspections. This saves on outage costs and reduces the risk of a stator fault due to human error during maintenance. Finally, on older machines, if there has been no increase in partial discharge activity over time, then the life of the stator winding can be confidently extended, saving a considerable capital expenditure     

Partial Discharge Detection with High‐Frequency Band through Resistance–Temperature Sensor of Hydropower Generator Stator Windings

In order to improve the signal to noise ratio for partial discharge (PD) detection using a resistance–temperature detector laid in the stator windings of a hydropower generator, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is applied as a kind of time‐frequency analysis. Relying on the combination of frequency resolution and time resolution using an applied power voltage phase angle distribution, PDs occurring in voids of stator windings are expected to be found within a mixed environment of strong noise and confusable noise. Furthermore, we found that the CWT may make it possible to calibrate the PD charge quantity in a band of a few tens of MHz under favorable conditions, where calibration is usually difficult for generator stator windings.     

On‐line partial discharge detection of turbine generator using gigahertz‐band spatial phase difference method

Partial discharge (PD) within voids in solid insulating systems is a symptom and/or a direct cause of a deterioration of stator windings of a turbine generator. The bandwidth of the electromagnetic waves emitted from PD is very broad and ranges to the gigahertz. We developed a new system based on the spatial phase difference method for detecting microwaves (GHz) emitted from PD. In this paper we applied this system to two off‐line turbine generators in the overhaul and an on‐line turbine generator which has two built‐in antennas. On‐line PD detection of the turbine generator is very useful for recognizing abnormal and/or deteriorated stator winding insulation without a machine outage. It was found that the detection system was able to detect microwaves emitted from PD in an operating turbine generator. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 131(4): 38‐43, 2000