基于PSO-BP神经网络的图像压缩算法

本文阐述了使用BP神经网络压缩图像的方法和粒子群算法(PSO)的原理.为提高BP算法的训练速度和图像重建质量,本文设计了一种利用PSO-BP网络进行图像压缩的算法,该算法结合了PSO算法和BP算法的优点,将BP网络的训练过程分为两个阶段.实验表明,利用该算法压缩图像,不仅速度较快,而且重建后的图像质量有明显提高.     

基于新型二层误差逆传播网络的图像压缩

基于误差逆传播算法对图像进行压缩的工作已有很多，怛存在着人工神经网络训练时间较长，精度偏低等问题。考虑到利用三层及三层以上BP网络对图像压缩，其有效信息是中间层单元上的输出值和中间层与输出层之间的连接权，而输入层与中间层的连接权是冗余的，以至于对学习速度和压缩质量有负面影响。基于此我们提出了新型二层误差逆传播网络拓扑结构和算法。经过上机压缩测试，相对于三层BP网络、三层以上BP网络以及嵌套BP网络图像压缩的压缩比、学习速度和压缩质量都有很大提高，取得了很好的效果。     

基于PSO和BP复合算法的模糊神经网络控制器

为了克服单独应用粒子群算法（PSO）或BP算法训练模糊神经网络控制器参数时存在的缺陷,提出了一种训练模糊神经网络参数的PSO＋BP算法。该算法将二者相结合,即在PSO算法中加入一个BP算子,以充分利用PSO算法的全局寻优能力和BP算法的局部搜索能力,从而更有效地提高其收敛速度、训练效率和提高该模糊神经网络控制器的控制效果。最后的仿真实验结果验证了该基于PSO＋BP复合算法的模糊神经网络控制器的有效性和可行性。     

结合NSCT和改进BP网络的超分辨率图像重建

鉴于非下采样Contourlet变换（NSCT）系数包含原始图像各方向的所有细节信息,以及改进BP神经网络高度非线性映射的快速收敛和准确性,提出一种应用NSCT和改进BP神经网络的超分辨率图像重建算法。分别提取模拟超分辨率图像与相应低分辨率图像各方向子带的NSCT系数进行BP神经网络高度非线性映射训练,直至稳定收敛,并利用该网络实现超分辨率图像重建。实验结果表明该算法在很好保留图像细节的同时极大地降低网络重建复杂度,提高了重建的准确率,重建效果得到明显改进。     

基于PSO-BP神经网络的网络流量预测与研究

传统网络流量预测采用线性方法进行处理,不能很好地满足要求.根据互联网通信量的自相似性,提出一种基于BP网络的粒子群优化PSO-BP算法进行网络流量预测,用PSO算法对BP网络节点的初始权值进行优化,并利用历史记录训练BP网络,采用Matlab进行仿真.试验结果表明,PSO-BP算法加快了BP网络收敛速度,训练结果的均方误差函数mse在5%以内,提高了网络流量预测精度.     

基于PSO优化BP神经网络的液压钻机故障诊断

液压钻机故障特征参数与故障状态之间呈现较强的非线性,依赖线性数学模型的故障诊断方法诊断正确率不高。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于粒子群算法(PSO)优化BP神经网络的液压钻机故障诊断方法。该方法利用BP神经网络提取特征参数之间的非线性关系,实现典型故障的分类识别;利用PSO优化BP神经网络的权值和阈值,提高网络训练的收敛速度。仿真结果表明,PSO优化的BP神经网络迭代次数少,收敛速度快。该方法能够对测试样本进行有效分类,故障诊断正确率高。     

应用BP神经网络对自然图像分类

针对图像的低层视觉特征和高层语义特征之间的鸿沟,利用一个多输出的BP神经网络,分析低层视觉特征,提取图像的主要颜色、灰度共生矩阵和7个不变矩向量作为网络的输入,用语义期望值作为网络的输出,并用加入动量因子和自适应学习率的BP算法来训练该网络。训练完成后,该网络能够对自然图像进行多种语义分类,从而建立起了从低层视觉特征到语义特征之间的映射。改进的BP算法提高了训练的速度和可靠性,实验证明,该方法取得了较好的检索查全率和准确率。     

基于改进PSO算法的BP神经网络的应用研究

为了克服粒子群优化算法本身存在的早熟和局部收敛的固有问题,在描述了BP神经网络的基本结构的基础上,介绍了粒子群优化算法(PSO)的基本概念,并通过对二者优缺点的分析与比较,结合二者的优势,将粒子矢量位移应用到PSO算法中,并在此基础上,用改进的PSO算法对BP网络进行训练,还利用某商场的部分消费数据进行了实验.结果表明,基于改进的PSO算法的BP网络在收敛速度和精度上都比基于传统的PSO算法好.     

基于面向对象自适应粒子群算法的神经网络训练*

针对传统的神经网络训练算法收敛速度慢和泛化性能低的缺陷,提出一种新的基于面向对象的自适应粒子群优化算法(OAPSO)用于神经网络的训练。该算法通过改进PSO的编码方式和自适应搜索策略以提高网络的训练速度与泛化性能,并结合Iris和Ionosphere分类数据集进行测试。实验结果表明：基于OAPSO算法训练的神经网络在分类准确率上明显优于BP算法及标准PSO算法,极大地提高了网络泛化能力和优化效果,具有快速全局收敛的性能。     

粒子群优化神经网络在动态手势识别中的应用

为了提高动态手势学习训练速度和识别准确率,本文提出一种基于粒子群优化BP神经网络的动态手势识别方法。首先基于自然人机交互需要,定义一套基于机器视觉的动态手势模型;在获取指尖运动轨迹的基础上,提取动态手势的特征向量作为神经网络的输入;利用改进的PSO算法训练BP神经网络,得到神经网络的权值和阈值;最后利用训练过的神经网络识别基于机器视觉的动态手势。测试结果表明:改进的PSO算法能够提高神经网络训练速度和精度,进而提高动态手势识别准确率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.