TBM与钻爆法在并行长大引水隧洞施工中的适用性研究

在某水电站并行长大引水隧洞中,通过对隧洞规模、沿线工程地质条件、施工工期及开挖渣料再利用等进行综合对比分析,研究钻爆法与TBM施工方法的适用性.TBM施工方法在难以增加施工支洞的长隧洞工程中具有较明显优势,而钻爆法在大断面、复杂地质条件隧洞开挖施工中的适用性更强.通过布置合适的施工支洞,可有效增加该引水隧洞施工断面,从...     

供水长隧洞TBM施工方案论证

结合地质条件,通过工程设计、施工组织设计与经济分析,本文对某供水隧洞采用钻爆法及TBM全断面掘进机施工方案进行了论证。     

隧洞工程TBM法施工计算机模拟研究

TBM（全断面掘进机）在隧洞工程施工中得到了广泛的应用，把循环运行网络（Cyclic Operation Network）理论与计算机模拟技术相结合，可以对隧洞工程TBM法施工过程进行模拟，通过对多个施工方案模拟结果进行技术经济分析，可以得到最优的施工方案，从而提高工效、缩短工期、降低费用。     

TBM与钻爆法隧洞开挖方式的选择

结合引黄工程北干线1号隧洞工程，从施工进度、安全、质量控制及对环境的影响等方面对隧洞。TBM掘进与钻爆法开挖方法进行了比较，提出了选择TBM进行北干1号洞的开挖方案。     

山地城市超长供水隧洞快速施工工法比选

施工方法的合理性、可靠性直接影响工程建设的质量、安全和经济效益,进行山地城市供水隧道的工法比选研究具有重要研究意义。本文结合观景口输水线路水文地质条件,从施工条件、施工工期、施工风险、施工质量、环境保护、运行管理、可比投资等方面对比分析了钻爆法、TBM法及顶管法在施工中的利弊。基于项目建设条件与工程特点,提出了"讲安全,保工期,促效益"的综合比选原则。研究表明:顶管法具有快速、安全、经济、文明的施工优势;针对山地城市超长距离供水隧洞采用"顶管法+钻爆法"相结合的施工方法具有明显的时间、经济和社会效应。     

TBM在朔州隧道施工的适用性探讨

结合TBM在国内外的应用现状,从朔州隧道的工程实际出发,通过工程地质条件、洞口施工场地条件、衬砌断面、施工工期和经济性等方面综合分析了TBM施工的可行性,并给出了结论和建议,即朔州隧道不宜采用TBM法施工,推荐采用钻爆法施工.     

深埋超特长输水隧洞TBM集群施工关键技术探析

北疆供水二期工程中的西二、喀—双、双—三隧洞总长516.19 km,设计采用18台TBM分段掘进,其中喀—双隧洞单洞长283.27 km,是目前世界在建最长的输水隧洞。深埋、超特长、TBM集群施工是该隧洞工程建设的显著特点,结合区域地质构造特征、工程地质条件和大量地质勘探成果,分析了存在的主要工程地质问题,提出了TBM结合钻爆法联合分段掘进的施工组织方案。并围绕深埋隧洞施工支洞及TBM进入通道型式的选择布局、超特长隧洞分段施工及TBM掘进方案优化设计、TBM集群施工及配套系统高效运行管理、地质灾害预测预报及风险防范控制、软岩变形控制及断裂破碎带安全掘进等工程建设中的重点、难点及关键技术问题,开展了分析讨论。可供TBM设计制造和长隧洞工程建设借鉴参考。     

TBM施工方案优选研究

以某长大隧洞工程的出口段为研究对象,建立了隧洞工程TBM法施工模拟模型,对该工程可行的11个TBM法施工方案进行了模拟与优化研究,以提高施工效率,降低施工费用,缩短施工工期,提高施工组织设计方法的科学性。     

不同开挖方式下深埋隧洞微震特性与岩爆风险分析

在分析钻爆法和TBM法开挖下围岩应力状态的基础上,基于锦屏二级水电站深埋隧洞微震监测数据,对比研究了钻爆法和TBM法开挖条件下深埋隧洞的微震特性及岩爆风险。结果表明:1钻爆法开挖引起的围岩应力集中距洞壁较远,形成的应力梯度较小;而TBM法开挖引起的围岩应力集中临近洞壁,形成的应力梯度较大。2钻爆法开挖时围岩应变能主要集中在爆破后数小时,尤其是在1 h内释放,而TBM法以连续的方式开挖卸载,剧烈的能量释放伴随着施工全过程。3TBM法开挖导致的事件震级及震源破裂尺度均比钻爆法开挖引起的大。4钻爆法开挖时,围岩积聚的应变能大多以岩体破裂的形式耗散,以岩爆形式显现的较少;而TBM法开挖时,围岩应变能常逐次释放,导致事件频繁发生,而且部分应变能以岩爆形式显现,一般地,同一小范围内常多次发生轻微岩爆,高等级岩爆孕育过程中常伴有低等级岩爆,如中等岩爆发生前伴有轻微岩爆,强烈岩爆孕育过程中伴有轻微和(或)中等岩爆,以此类推。综合上述研究结果认为,在具有强岩爆风险的深埋隧洞中,就防治岩爆而言,钻爆法优于TBM法。     

浅析N-J工程不良地质条件下敞开式TBM掘进施工

为解决不良地质条件对TBM掘进施工造成的极大困难,结合N-J水电站工程引水隧洞敞开式TBM掘进段试掘进期间的施工实践,首先总结了敞开式TBM隧洞围岩分级方法;然后根据收敛变形、多点位移计等监测结果,通过不断调整、优化,总结了对应于TBM隧洞围岩分级的支护结构参数;最后将该支护结构参数与钻爆法的支护参数进行比较,给出了围岩破碎带敞开式TBM施工的技术措施,确保TBM能在安全、稳妥的条件下施工。     

台灣水利隧道工程TBM開挖首次貫通案例

新武界隧道及栗栖溪引水工程之隧道總長約16.5km,興建完成後將為台灣最長之水利隧道。其中,中游段之引水隧道艮約7.8km,因推估地質均質尚佳且無明顯之剪裂帶或斷層带存在,並為考慮縮短工期、降低對環境之衝擊、減少勞工需求及提昇台灣隧道工程施工技術等因素,決定採用安全且一貫連續快速作業之隧道鑽掘機(TBM)開挖施工。施工期間,於2001年11月份創下659.3m／月之台灣最快鑽掘紀錄,其後雖曾遭遇局部岩盤破碎或異常擠壓等不良地質,以及遭受桃芝颱風之暴雨肆虐成災,然於採取適當應變措施及處理得宜下,TBM終於克服困難並持續順利鑽掘,且於2002年6月7日成功貫通,完成鑽掘工作,為台灣隧道工程首次以TBM貫通案例,且達到最佳平均月進度(315m/月)及最大鑽掘長度(6523m)之新里程碑。     

Brenner Basistunnel – Bau des Erkundungsstollens

Brenner Base Tunnel – Construction of the Exploratory Tunnel Non‐linear Stochastic Structural Analysis The Brenner Base Tunnel runs from the Innsbruck bypass, and from the Innsbruck railway station, to Fortezza/Franzensfeste and is fifty‐five kilometres long. Including the Innsbruck bypass, the total length will be sixty‐two point eight kilometres, meaning that this will be the longest railway tunnel in the world. It consists of two parallel tunnel tubes with an exploratory tunnel about 12 meters below them. To minimize construction risks, especially in the part to be excavated using a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine), systematic prospecting and exploration via a tunnel are very important. A TBM is currently excavating the ten‐kilometer long exploratory tunnel from Aica to Maules. The tunnel will be equipped with thin concrete tubbing rings. Special monitoring equipment will also be installed. The sectional optimization of the tubbing rings, the studies in concrete technology and the appropriate areas for monitoring will be shown.     

Utilizing rock mass properties for predicting TBM performance in hard rock condition

The key parameters on the estimation of tunnel-boring machine (TBM) performance are rock strength, toughness, discontinuity in rock mass, type of TBM and its specifications. The aim of this study is to both assess the influence of rock mass properties on TBM performance and construct a new empirical equation for estimation of the TBM performance. To achieve this aim, the database composed of actual measured TBM penetration rate and rock properties (i.e., uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, rock brittleness/toughness, distance between planes of weakness, and orientation of discontinuities in rock mass) were established using the data collected from one hard rock TBM tunnel (the Queens Water Tunnel # 3, Stage 2) about 7.5 km long, New York City, USA. Intact rock properties were obtained from laboratory studies conducted at the Earth Mechanics Institute (EMI) in the Colorado School of Mines, CO, USA. Based on generated database, the statistical analyses were performed between available rock properties and measured TBM data in the field. The result revealed that rock mass properties have strong affect on TBM performance. It is concluded that TBM performance could be estimated as a function of rock properties utilizing new equation (r = 0.82).     

盾构机实时姿态测量和计算方法的研究

介绍盾构机(TBM)姿态的描述方式以及盾构机姿态测量原理与方法。结合自动化测量机器人的功能,提出基于测量机器人对盾构体(前体)上两点进行三维坐标测量;根据安装在盾构机机体上纵、横两个精密测倾仪,实时采集的盾构机俯仰角、滚动角,来确定盾构机的实时空间位置和水平方向的偏航角的方法;根据3个欧拉角描述姿态测量的原理,推导出其姿态计算方法,并给出姿态计算的程序实现流程。对全站仪采集的坐标测量点和盾构机的基准点的测量精度进行了分析。广州地铁4号线大学城段的测试实验结果与SLS-T激光自动导向系统的计算结果吻合,结果表明,两基准点的计算精度完全满足实际工程的精度要求,误差比规范要求要小。     

高地应力作用下大理岩岩体的TBM掘进试验研究

滚刀破岩效率的研究主要集中在室内线性试验机破岩试验和数值分析2个方面,在工地开展TBM掘进试验尚不普遍。锦屏二级水电站采用3台TBM开挖隧道群,3台TBM在不同洞深(不同地应力)条件对大理岩岩体进行TBM掘进试验、岩石渣片筛分试验及大渣片统计分析,研究岩体条件、TBM机器参数、TBM运行参数对TBM掘进速度的影响及高地应力作用下岩体可掘性指数的变化。研究结果表明:在高地应力条件下,尽管TBM掘进速度随推力增加而增大,但推力超过一定值后,TBM并不在优化状态下运行,TBM的运行需与岩体条件及地应力条件相匹配。     

Numerical simulation of the creation and performance of extruded concrete linings in microtunnelling

Microtunnelling traditionally utilises pipe-jacked or segmental lining systems, however when employed over long, continuous distances, which may include changes in depth and direction, both lining systems have associated limitations that would reduce the drive rate of the TBM and increase the costs of the project. The use of an extruded lining system could circumvent a number of these limitations and make such an undertaking economically viable. A numerical model has been developed to simulate the extrusion of a tunnel lining from a microtunnelling TBM. The model was created in Plaxis (3-D Tunnel), a commercially available finite element modelling package. A methodology was developed and tested to approximate the movement of a TBM and the curing of the extruded lining, both of which are time-based phenomena. The extruded materials were subsequently investigated, using published strength-curing time for a normal strength concrete and a polymer concrete, for two drive rates. The outcome of the modelling suggests that the relationship between the developing stiffness and time in the early phases of curing is critical if an extruded lining system is to be deployed behind a TBM without slowing its drive rate.     

基于MATLAB的岩石隧道掘进机可视化模拟

本文对隧道掘进机的不同类型进行了模拟建模程序编写,建立了隧道掘进机对开挖面岩体的作用力的分析方法,以及探讨了在原有块体理论程序应用平台BLKLAB中实现隧道掘进机存在情况下进行开挖面块体稳定性可视化分析的可行性。本研究为隧道掘进机对开挖面岩体作用力与扭矩简化分析及编程应用提供了新的思路,并为隧道掘进机可视化实现提供了编程可行性的例证。最后,对在开挖面块体稳定性可视化分析的时如何考虑隧道掘进机进行了讨论,为原有程序平台的拓展奠定了基础。     

达坂引水隧洞TBM选型

结合大坂隧洞工程地质特征,开展长大引水隧洞掘进机选型研究,确定达坂引水隧洞采用双护盾隧洞掘进机。介绍了掘进机遇到高地应力软岩、高外水压力以及膨胀岩地段的通过技术,同时介绍了出现涌水、涌泥、涌砂等灾害时的应对措施与方法。研究表明,长大隧洞掘进机选型关系着工程建设的成败,其选型应在满足成本、效率和安全性要求基础上,与工程的具体地质条件相适应,尤其是不良地质地段的通过技术和相应的设备改造与支护技术,对于选型成功具有重要意义。     

防治深孔钻孔偏孔及检测方法

以馋柳高速公路土家湾隧道旋喷钻孔施工工程为例，从深孔钻孔垂直度的控制、钻孔施工中出现的问题及处理措施等方面作了介绍，并提出了一种简易的检测方法。     

Assessment of ground conditions with respect to mechanised tunnelling for the construction of the extension of the Athens Metro to the city of Piraeus

This paper refers to the proposed western extension of the Athens Metro to Piraeus city. The railway consists of a 9.45 m diameter, 8.2 km long tunnel and seven stations. Tunnelling works are expected to be undertaken within a variety of lithological formations ranging from very strong alpine limestones to recent soft littoral deposits. The tunnel alignment was divided into 12 areas with respect to the geological and geotechnical conditions that may be encountered during construction. In many of these zones, the geotechnical conditions together with the presence of sensitive surface and/or subsurface structures led to the selection of a closed-face TBM (Earth Pressure Balance Machine or Slurry Tunnel Boring Machine) as the appropriate tunnelling technique. The Piraeus extension is a project where in places both types of commonly used closed-face tunnelling machines will encounter ‘text book’ application areas, but not always. The applicability of each type of TBM is discussed using the available data obtained from an extensive site investigation.