CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FeO渣对Al2O3的溶解

为了控制低碳铝镇静钢中Al₂O₃夹杂物,并提升渣系对Al₂O₃夹杂物吸附能力,采用FactSage 8.1模拟计算CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-5%MgO-5%FeO渣系的等黏度图和等ΔC/η(ΔC=C■-C■,η为渣的黏度)值线图。根据模拟计算图选取合适的五元精炼渣做Al₂O₃的吸附试验,试验研究了Al₂O₃在CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-5%MgO-5%FeO渣系中的溶解速率,讨论了Al₂O₃棒浸入深度、直径、转速、渣成分以及温度对Al₂O₃溶解速率的影响,求解了Al₂O₃在溶解过程中的活化能。最后,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(Apreo S HiVa...     

添加剂对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3系熔渣性质的影响

在CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃系碱度为0.38——0.9的范围内,测定了添加剂Na₂O、CaF₂和B₂O₃对其熔化温度、粘度、密度和表面张力的影响,添加剂的加入量为2~15%。文章中介绍了上述几个性质的测定方法及设备情况,对粘度和表面张力以及上述性质在固体保护渣中的作用进行了讨论。     

温度对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO高炉渣系Al2O3活度的影响

 Al₂O₃作为熔渣中的主要组元之一,其对熔渣的冶金性能的影响尤为突出。对于高炉炼铁而言,高炉渣中Al₂O₃增加会对炼铁及脱硫造成不利影响。然而,随着中国钢铁工业的不断发展,相对低廉的高Al₂O₃进口铁矿石使用量不断攀升,使得高炉渣中Al₂O₃含量明显增加,高炉渣中Al₂O₃质量分数往往大于15%,更高的甚至大于20%。目前关于高Al₂O₃高炉渣系中Al₂O₃组元的热力学性质(例如采用参考渣法测定Al₂O₃的活度)及其对炉渣冶金性能的影响等研究鲜有报道,而温度是影响冶金熔渣冶金性能的重要热力学因素之一,因此探讨温度对冶金熔渣中Al₂O₃组元活度影响的规律不仅具有重要的研究意义,同时也为现场实践提供坚实的理论依据。采用参考渣法对1 773～1 873 K温度条件下CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO高炉渣系Al₂O₃活度进行测定,并采用Raman光谱对熔渣的结构进行检测。考察了温度对CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO高炉渣系Al₂O₃活度的影响。结果表明,随着温度的增加,熔渣中Al₂O₃的化学势降低,熔渣与铜金属熔液之间的反应向右移动来达到新的平衡,因而Al₂O₃的活度随着温度的增加逐渐降低。温度的增加使熔渣中Al₂O₃与碱性金属氧化物发生反应,使钙铝酸盐(CaO·Al₂O₃和CaO·2Al₂O₃)和镁铝酸盐(MgO·Al₂O₃)等复合物生成量增加,此时熔渣的结构由于O2-的增加而逐渐发生解聚,熔渣中的自由Al₂O₃减少,从而导致Al₂O₃活度逐渐降低。     

硅锰脱氧钢中CaO-SiO2-Al2O3夹杂在固态钢中的结晶行为

 为了避免Al₂O₃、MgO·Al₂O₃等高熔点硬质夹杂物对钢材加工和产品使用性能带来危害,气门簧、切割丝用钢和手撕钢等钢种均采用了硅锰脱氧夹杂物塑性化控制工艺。夹杂物塑性化控制工艺只关注夹杂物成分是否处在相图低熔点区域是不足的,钢中硅酸盐类夹杂物之所以在非液态条件下能发生良好塑性变形,主要是因为它们具有玻璃类材料性质,其软化温度点明显低于钢材热轧温度。而硅酸盐夹杂物的热轧流变性很大程度上取决于其结晶状态,所以夹杂物从玻璃态到结晶态的转变需要予以研究和控制。从微观结构及加热软化行为方面对比了玻璃态与结晶态夹杂物的不同,指出夹杂物结晶对夹杂物塑性化控制工艺所带来的不利影响。阐明在铸坯凝固冷却和轧制前的加热过程中,玻璃态夹杂都有可能发生结晶转变。为了防止玻璃态夹杂出现严重结晶,需要结合夹杂物TTT曲线优化铸坯加热温度和时间,或控制夹杂物组成落入玻璃相更稳定区域。对于CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃体系夹杂物,认为磷石英、假硅灰石和钙长石三相共熔区是实现玻璃态稳定控制的理想组成区域。关于MgO及碱金属氧化物对硅锰脱氧钢氧化物夹杂结晶性能的影响规律需要进一步研究揭示,可以借助单丝法等方法来研究氧化物夹杂对应成分的TTT图。     

Tailoring effect of Y2O3 on water resistance of Na2O-ZnO-Al2O3-B2O3 glasses

To explore the improving effect of Y₂O₃ on the water resistance of xY₂O₃-(100-x)(0.05 Al₂O₃-0.15 ZnO-0.15 Na₂O-0.65 B₂O₃)(x=0,0.7 mol%,1.4 mol%,2.1 mol%,2.8 mol%) glasses,glass structure and ion migration characteristics were respectively characterized by an infrared spectrometer and an electrochemical workstation.X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive Xray spect...     

帘线钢CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MnO系夹杂物的成分控制

利用热力学计算软件FactSage计算出CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MnO四元系各成分的活度数据,并通过热力学计算分析了帘线钢获得良好变形能力的CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MnO四元系夹杂物生成所需的条件,验证了本文所介绍方法的可行性.指出为得到塑性区的CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MnO系夹杂物,要控制CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MnO四元系夹杂物中Al₂O₃为20%,LF精炼炉中钢液的酸溶铝[Al]_s含量应小于3×10^-6,溶解氧含量应在2.0×10^-5~6.0×10^-5之间.     

MgO含量对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO熔渣中液态相影响的模拟

运用Factsage软件模拟了MgO含量对CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO熔渣中液相区的影响.结果表明,随着CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO渣中MgO含量增加,渣中低熔点液相区整体向低CaO高SiO₂区移动.相图中1500℃液相区比例由0%MgO（质量分数）时的25.05%上升至9%MgO（质量分数）时的52.69%,而后降至15%MgO时的46.70%.相图中1400℃液相区比例由3%MgO时的14.41%上升至11%MgO时的34.39%,而后降至15%MgO时的31.04%.相图中1300℃液相区比例由5%MgO时的5.57%上升至14%MgO时的11.02%,而后降至15%MgO时的10.50%.相图中1200℃液相区域比例在MgO为0~6%时为零,由7%MgO时的0.88%上升至11%MgO时的1.22%,在MgO为13%~15%时降为零.模拟结果可对以CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO为基本组元配置炼钢渣系的成分选择提供有效指导.     

CaO-SiO2-FeOx及CaO-SiO2-P2O5-FeOx渣系热力学性质的研究

CaO-SiO2-FeOx三元渣系和CaO-SiO2-P2O5-FeOx四元渣系是转炉脱磷用渣的主要子渣系,研究这两种渣系的热力学性质可为脱磷渣的高效利用提供理论依据。利于相图软件FactSage分别绘制了这两种渣系的相图,并分析了温度和氧分压对体系相平衡关系和液相线的影响规律。分析结果表明:升高温度会使这两种渣系的液相区扩大,初晶相稳定区域显著减小;降低氧分压会导致尖晶石固溶体相的初晶区消失,磷石英(SiO2)、伪硅灰石(CaSiO3)、α’-Ca2SiO4固溶体相减小。     

Catalytic combustion of toluene on Pt/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3 catalysts with CeO2,CeO2-Y2O3 and La2O3 as coatings

CeO₂,La₂O₃,and CeO₂-Y₂O₃ oxides were coated on the surface of spherical granular AI₂O₃(3-5 mm)through impregnation method,and proved as better supports of Pd and Pt catalysts.The influences of rare earth metal doping on the adsorption rates of Pd and Pt ions,as well as the catalytic performance,were investigated.Results show that the H₂PtCl₆·6H₂O adsorption rates of the Al     

Comparative studies on promotional effect of Pr6O11,Nd2O3 and Sm2O3 on Ni-SiO2 for pressurized carbon dioxide reforming of methane

The 7 wt% rare earth metal oxide promoted Ni-SiO₂ catalysts of Ni-7Pr₆O₁₁-SiO₂,Ni-7Nd₂O₃-SiO₂,and Ni-7Sm₂O₃-SiO₂ were prepared by the complex-decomposition method,and were comparatively evaluated for pressurized carbon dioxide reforming of methane(CRM) under severe conditions of 750℃,1.0 MPa,CH₄/CO₂=1,and gas hourly space velocity of 53200 mL/(g·h).The addition of r...     

Model for diffusion coefficient estimation of calcium ions in CaO–Al2O3–SiO2 slags

Abstract

As a common component in metallurgical slag, CaO plays an important role in desulphurisation, dephosphorisation and absorption of non-metallic inclusions. In order to better understand the mechanism of the slag/metal reactions, the diffusion dynamics of calcium ions in CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ slags were studied. It was found that there was almost a linear relation between the logarithms of pre-exponential factor and diffusion activation energy. By combining the relation between the diffusion activation energy and the optical basicity corrected in the CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ slags, a simple model used to estimate the diffusion coefficient of calcium ion is proposed. The estimated values of the CaO–SiO₂ and CaO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ systems agree well with the experiment data, with a mean deviation of 35·3 and 22·5% respectively.     

Study on electrical conductivity of FexO–CaO–SiO2–Al2O3 slags

The composition dependences of electrical conductivity of Fe_xO–CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃ slags at different oxygen potentials and temperatures have been studied experimentally in the present work. From the experimental results, the total electrical conductivity and electronic conductivity for all the slags monotonously decrease as increasing CO/CO₂ ratio from about 0 to 1. With the increase of Fe_xO content, the total electrical conductivity and electronic conductivity increase at a fixed CO/CO₂ ratio. It is also found that the ionic conductivity of all the studied slags increases as increasing the CO/CO₂ ratio, which is resulted from the increase of Fe²⁺ ion concentration. In addition, the temperature dependences of ionic, electronic and total conductivity for different compositions obey the Arrhenius law. The electronic transference number exhibits a strong relationship with oxygen potential, but is independent of temperature.     

Surface Tensions of Some CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 Slags

Abstract

The surface tensions of some high basicity alumino-silicates have been determined by the maximum bubble pressure technique. The results, which lie in the range 440–550 mN m^?1, are lower than estimated from predictive models and the reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. It is suggested that the concept of optical basicity can, under appropriate circumstances, be usefully applied to aid the interpretation of surface tension-composition relationships.

Résumé

Les tensions de surface de certains Alumino-Silicates très alcalins ont été déterminées par la technique de pression maximale de bulles. Les résultats qui fluctuent entre 440 et 550 mN m^?1, sont plus bas que les estimés prévus par modélisation et les raisons de ces écarts sont discutés. Il est suggéré que le concept d'alcalinité optique soit appliqué avantageusement dans certain cas, pour aider à l'interprétation des relations tension de surface-composition.     

CaO-SiO2-FeO-Cr2O3-MgO-MnO渣系物相组成的热力学计算

摘要：在含铬铁水转炉冶炼过程中,Cr很容易被氧化成Cr2O3进入渣中,并与渣中其他成分反应生成高熔点含铬尖晶石。采用FactSage热力学软件计算了CaO-SiO2-FeO-Cr2O3-MgO-MnO转炉渣系在冶炼温度1300～1700℃下的物相组成,研究了Cr2O3、FeO和碱度对炉渣中尖晶石相含量的影响规律。研究结果表明,温度和渣系成分都会影响炉渣的物相组成。渣系中含有Cr2O3时,物相中均含有MgCr2O4、FeCr2O4和MgFe2O4尖晶石相,尖晶石相的总含量随着Cr2O3和碱度的增加而增加,随着炉温的升高而减少。温度为1300～1500℃时,炉渣中尖晶石含量随着FeO的增加而增加;温度为1500～1700℃时,尖晶石含量随着FeO的增加而略有减少。在温度小于1500℃的转炉冶炼前中期,炉渣物相组成中尖晶石相所占比例较大,易造成化渣不良或者炉渣粘稠,影响转炉冶炼工艺的顺行。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定矾土中硅、铁、钾、钙、钛、锰、铝、镁、磷等氧化物含量

建立了X射线荧光光谱法测定矾土中硅、铁、钾、钙、钛、锰、铝、镁、磷等氧化物的方法。以四硼酸锂做熔剂、溴化锂做脱模剂制备玻璃熔片 ,以标准物质和高纯试剂制备标准片做校正曲线 ,并对吸收增强效应和光谱重叠做出校正。通过测定标准样品进行比较 ,本法没有显著性差异。回收率为 86.7%～ 10 6.2 %。     

CaO—Al2O3—CaF2—SiO2—MgO五元精炼渣系的起泡性能

采用二次回归正交试验方法测定了１５３０℃下ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＣａＦ２－ＳｉＯ２－ＭｇＯ五元精炼渣系的起泡性能。得出炉渣起泡指数与炉渣光学碱度、渣中Ａｌ２Ｏ３及ＣａＦ２含量间的回归方程。结果表明：炉渣的光学碱度和ＣａＦ２含量对起泡指数有较大影响,而Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量对起泡指数影响很小。具有最佳发泡性能的炉渣成分中ＣａＯ,Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＣａＦ２,ＳｉＯ２,ＭｇＯ的质量分数分别为：４４．０６％,３０．００％,７．００％,８．９４％,１０％。研究结果还表明：炉渣起泡指数与炉渣粘度成正比,而与表面张力和密度的平方根成反比。     

Influence of MgO,Al2O3 and CaO/SiO2 on the viscosity of blast furnace type slag with high Al2O3 and 5 wt-% TiO2

The effect of MgO, Al₂O₃ and CaO/SiO₂ on the viscosity of CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO–5 wt-% TiO₂ slag was studied in the temperature range of 1673–1773?K. At a fixed CaO/SiO₂ ratio of 1·17 and 12 wt-% Al₂O₃, the viscosity of the slag decreased with increasing MgO content because of depolymerisation of the silicate structures. At a fixed CaO/SiO₂ ratio of 1·17 and 8 wt-% MgO, the viscosity of the slag increased with increasing Al₂O₃ content. At 8 wt-% MgO and 12 wt-% Al₂O₃ wt-%, increasing the CaO/SiO₂ ratio from 1·07 to 1·50 resulted in lower slag viscosity. The temperature dependencies of the viscosity on MgO addition, Al₂O₃ addition, and CaO/SiO₂ ratio were analyzed, and the apparent activation energies of each system were found to be between 178 and 232?kJ/mol, 273 and 360?kJ/mol, and 204 and 233?kJ/mol, respectively. Five different viscosity models were employed to predict slag viscosity, and the Riboud model was found to be the best for predicting this parameter.     

固体CaO在3CaO·P2O5-2CaO·SiO2饱和熔渣中的溶解及反应机理

摘要：为了深入了解非均相脱磷剂中固体CaO在3CaO·P2O5-2CaO·SiO2（C2S-C3P）饱和熔渣中的溶解及反应机理，采用静态浸入法和旋转圆柱法研究固体CaO在C2S-C3P饱和CaO-SiO2-FetO-P2O5（10%）渣中的溶解行为，运用FESEM/BSED EDS对固体CaO和熔渣界面进行了观察，分析了固体CaO与C2S-C3P饱和熔渣间的反应机理。结果表明，加强对熔池的搅拌，能够加快固体CaO在熔渣中的侵蚀速度和溶解速度；发现了固体CaO在饱和熔渣中的溶解数量受熔渣中FeO通过边界层向固体内部渗透深度的影响，FeO渗透深度越深，溶解越多；固体CaO先与熔渣中的硅和磷反应生成磷含量低的C2S-C3P固溶体，待一段时间后，最终生成磷含量高的Ca5(PO4)2SiO4。