经阴道三维超声检测子宫内膜-肌层结合带对IVF-ET妊娠结局的预测价值

目的:探讨经阴道三维超声(TransvaginalThree-DimensionalUltrasound,3D-TVUS)检测子宫内膜-肌层结合带(Junctional Zone, JZ)对体外受精与胚胎移植(In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer, IVF-ET)妊娠率的影响。方法:应用3D-TVUS对128例接受IVF-ET的不孕患者于人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)注射日进行JZ测定,在3D-TVUS获得的子宫冠状切面上评估JZ形态和厚度,测量JZ最大厚度(d_(JZmax))、JZ最小厚度(d_(JZmin))及JZ最大厚度与最小厚度的差值(?d_(JZmax-min))。根据妊娠结果分为妊娠组与非妊娠组,比较两组间各参数的差异。结果:128例患者临床妊娠58例,妊娠率56.25%。与妊娠组相比,非妊娠组d_(JZmax)及?d_(JZmax-min)显著增加(P0.01),d_(JZmax)截止值为6.75 mm时,诊断敏感度94.4%,特异度62.5%,阳性预测值72%,阴性预测值92%,准确性94%;?d_(JZmax-min)截止值为3.75 mm时,诊断敏感度91.7%,特异度69.6%,阳性预测值75%,阴性预测值89%,准确性92%。JZ形态异常IVF-ET妊娠失败的可能性是正常的5.42倍(比值比RO=5.42,95%可信区间为2.45～11.97)。结论:JZ可作为IVF-ET妊娠结局的常规预测指标,JZ异常可能会导致IVF-ET妊娠失败。     

经阴道超声和腹部超声对子宫内膜病变诊断的比较

目的:经阴道超声和腹部超声对子宫内膜病变的诊断进行科学比较,探讨经阴道超声和腹部超声对子宫内膜病变诊断的价值及可靠性。方法:对2012年1月至2013年12月来我院治疗的子宫内膜病变患者,依据检查方式的不同分为经腹部超声检查组和经阴道超声检查组,将两组患者的临床资料进行对比分析。结果:经阴道超声检查子宫黏膜下肌瘤、子宫内膜息肉等疾病的诊断符合率要明显高于经腹部超声诊断的符合率,两组差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 :经阴道超声检查子宫内膜病变简便、无创、准确率较高,是临床筛查和监测子宫内膜病变的可靠方法能够为子宫内膜病变患者提供有价值的鉴别诊断信息,值得在临床治疗上推广应用[1]。     

基于足底压力和表面肌电测量技术的制造企业工作鞋鞋垫评价研究

目的探索制造企业工作鞋鞋垫舒适性的评价方法,挑选出符合人体足部生物力学和舒适性要求的鞋垫。方法以某制造企业拟采用的三种典型的工作鞋垫为研究对象,选择10名被试进行站姿装配作业,通过足底压力测试系统、表面肌电测试技术、主观调查等三种方法,测试作业人员使用不同鞋垫时的足底压力和表面肌电等指标水平。其中,足底压力测试系统主要测量了作业者足部与工作鞋鞋垫的接触面积、峰值压强、压强-时间积分三个指标,用来评估足底压力;表面肌电技术测量了人体肌电信号,采用中值频率(MF)、平均功率频率(MPF)指标来评估作业者的肌肉疲劳状况,同时结合主观评价量表,综合评价鞋垫的舒适性。结果有无鞋垫对作业者疲劳状况的影响很大;工作鞋鞋垫能够很好地平衡足底压力,尤其是足弓部的优良设计,能够增加中足的接触面积,分散前掌和脚跟的足底压力。鞋垫的舒适性受到鞋垫材料、硬度、厚度和构造的影响。数据分析结果显示,1号鞋垫在各个指标都具有明显的优势,使其相较于其他鞋垫能够更好地满足人体的舒适性体验,更不易感到疲劳;结论选用的各测量指标的评价基本一致,能够有效的区分三种不同鞋垫的舒适性。经过多方面评价,鞋垫舒适性排名为:1号鞋垫2号鞋垫3号鞋垫。     

新型立体式网状宫内节育器初步临床观察

为了观察新型立体式网状宫内节育器(3-DR-IUD)的避孕效果及副反应,将152例志愿受试者随机分为两组,即接受3-DR-IUD组和放置元宫药铜宫内节育器(2-D-IUD)组,每组各76例,常规放置3-DR-IUD和2-D-IUD。分别于术后1个月、3个月、6个月和12个月进行随访,了解放置宫内节育器(IUD)后副反应(如腹痛、腰痛、阴道出血持续时间及出血量、白带等)的发生率、带器妊娠率、IUD脱落率、因症取出率、续用率及避孕效果,并利用B超、X光腹部平片检查3-DR-IUD位置等。两组各76例均成功放置了IUD,术中均无明显疼痛。3-DR-IUD组术后出现白带增多、月经期延长、不规则出血、月经量增多及腰腹部疼痛等副反应6例(7.9%),而2-D-IUD组出现31例(40.8%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.0001)。3-DR-IUD组无脱落,无带器妊娠者,3个月时因对硅橡胶过敏取出1例,12个月时终止率为1.3%,续用率为98.7%(75/76);2-DIUD组终止率为13.2%,续用率为86.8%(66/76),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。实验结果表明,3-DR-IUD具有很好的避孕效果,术后副反应轻微,可为育龄妇女提供新的、安全、高效的IUD。     

囊型宫内节育器避孕材料的细胞毒性研究

目的:对囊型宫内节育器避孕材料的细胞毒性的潜在性作出评价。方法:采用研制的硅橡胶材料与高密度聚乙烯材料作为对照,根据GBT 16886.5―2003医疗器械生物学评价第5部分标准,设立空白对照组、阴性对照(高密度聚乙烯)浸提液组、阳性对照液(含6.3%苯酚的RPMI1640完全培养液)组、100%、50%和25%材料(硅橡胶)浸提液组共6个组;用RPMI 1640完全培养液培养L-929细胞,每组加入100μL的空白对照液、阴性对照浸提液和25%、50%、100%的材料浸提液及阳性对照液,观察细胞形态和增值率。结果:空白对照组、阴性对照浸提液组、阳性对照组、100%、50%和25%浓度材料浸提液组的细胞毒性级别分别为:0级、1级、4级、2级、2级、1级。100%、50%和25%材料浸提液组培养72 h后细胞增值率分别是(66.2±4.3)%、(72.4±6.1)%、(81.1±4.2)%;阴性对照浸提液组、100%、50%、25%材料浸提液组和阳性对照浸提液组OD(optical density)值与空白对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);空白对照组、100%、50%材料浸提液和阳性对照液组OD值与阴性对照浸提液组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);25%材料浸提液OD值和与阴性对照浸提液组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:根据GBT 16886.5―2003医疗器械生物学评价第11部分标准,所测硅橡胶材料细胞毒性评价符合要求。     

Characterization of copper corrosion products originated in simulated uterine fluids and on packaged intrauterine devices

This paper studies the characterization of corrosion products originated after 1 and 12 weeks' immersion of copper specimens in simulated uterine fluids at pH 6.3 and 8.0 and at 37 °C temperature. The experimental techniques used were X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray. The compounds found were calcite (CaCO₃), calcium phosphate, cuprite (Cu₂O) and copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)₂). The morphology of corrosion products was a non-uniform, layer showing some paths through which copper ions can be released. In parallel, corrosion products formed on packaged, unused copper-containing intrauterine devices (IUD) were analyzed. Cuprite (Cu₂O) and chalcocite (Cu₂S) were the main species identified. © 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

Effects of LDPE film on the properties of copper/LDPE composites for intrauterine contraceptive device

Copper/low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites covered with LDPE film on the surface were prepared for intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD). Cu²⁺ release rates of the composites were determined by absorbance measurements. The surface characteristics of the composites after incubated for 5 months were investigated by SEM and EDX techniques. The results show that the existence of LDPE film on the surface of the composites decreases the release rate of Cu²⁺, especially the burst release of Cu²⁺ at initial period. The undesirable deposits, which are observed on the surface of the composite without LDPE film, are not detected on the surface of the composite with LDPE film, indicating that the presence of LDPE film can effectively prevent the formation of deposits on the composite surface. Results obtained from this study suggest that the existence of LDPE film on the composite surface may alleviate the side effects (bleeding, abdominal pain and inflammatory complication) of IUD resulting from the burst release and the deposit formation.     

An approach to give prospective life-span of the copper/low-density-polyethylene nanocomposite intrauterine device

As a novel copper-containing intrauterine device (IUD), the prospective life-span of the copper/low-density-polyethylene (Cu/LDPE) nanocomposite IUD is very important for the future clinical use and should be given in advance. Here a novel approach, cupric ions accelerated release in diluted nitric acid solution and cupric ions concentration release in various volume of simulated uterine solution (SUS), is reported to verify the type of cupric ions release model of the cylindrical matrix-type nanocomposite IUD, and to obtain the minimal cupric ions release rate that need to ensure contraceptive efficacy and the thickness of copper particles exhausted layer of the cylindrical matrix-type nanocomposite IUD within two difficult immersion durations in experimental volume of SUS, respectively. Using these results, the prospective life-span of the cylindrical matrix-type nanocomposite IUD can be obtained. For instance, the prospective life-span of the novel γ-shape nanocomposite IUD with 25 wt% of copper nanoparticles and 2 mm of diameter and a total weight of 285 mg can be given in advance and it is about 5 years in the future clinical use.     

损伤形式对三维编织复合材料拉压性能的影响

通过对损伤前后三维编织复合材料试件进行纵向拉伸和压缩实验, 分析了材料的拉、压刚度和强度的变化规律和失效形式。主要讨论了4 种损伤加工方案, 包括沿宽度方向单边切割、沿宽度方向双边切割、沿厚度方向单边切割及沿宽度和厚度方向同时切割。实验结果表明, 宽度方向损伤对拉伸强度、模量和压缩强度影响不大, 压缩模量下降了20 %左右; 厚度方向损伤对纵向拉伸、压缩强度和模量影响较大。编织角20°时, 拉伸、压缩应力-应变曲线接近于线性, 试件的失效方式趋向于脆性破坏; 编织角35°时, 压缩应力-应变曲线表现出一定的非线性。      

Influence of the epitaxial growth and device processing on the overlay accuracy during processing of the d-DotFET

To maintain the development of MOSFET devices in the last three decades the lateral layout of this important device was scaled down into the sub-50 nm range. The challenge to maintain device performance was met by applying to scaling rules, which ensure a proper physical behaviour in the active area of the device. But nowadays new device architectures as Ultra Thin Body and Multi Gate devices have to be discussed. Furthermore new materials were introduced as high-κ gate dielectrics and metal gates. In recent years strained silicon has drawn increasing attention to enlarge carrier mobility in the MOSFET channel. In the d-DotFET approach locally strained silicon is formed by means of template-assisted self assembly of Ge-dots and silicon overgrowth. The silicon capping layer is strained on top of the dot and in its near vicinity, only. The accurate positioning of the dots on pre-patterned substrates enables the utilization of these substrates for further device processing. The crucial issue is to integrate the active area on top of the dot, which requires an overlay of ± 10 nm, which has to be assured over the whole process. In this paper we investigate the intrinsic overlay of a Vistec EBPG 5000^plus e-beam system using etched holes in silicon as markers. It was found, that the required overlay accuracy can be obtained, when the definition of the marker sites is adapted to the following process, already. The overlay is not affected by device processing, as long as the markers are affected symmetrically.     

Influence of the edge-boundary conditions on three-dimensional free vibrations of isotropic and cross-ply multilayered rectangular plates

This paper analyses the influence of different sets of edge-boundary conditions on the dynamics of freely vibrating isotropic and cross-ply multilayer laminated rectangular plates. The analysis is carried out within the frame of the full three-dimensional theory of elasticity through a formulation which is based on assumed displacements only; this formulation presents its relevant objectives in a unified manner, regardless of the nature of the stacking patterns of the laminated plates (isotropic, single layers or multi-layers). The analytical and/or numerical performance of the formulation is compared to those few results achievable through the exact three-dimensional theory and/or to those few existing results achieved by other researchers through alternative formulations. Convergence analyses are carried out on eigenvalues, displacement and stress fields in order to describe the capability of the formulation when compared to the exact three-dimensional results. The analysis reveals an interesting dependence on the edge-boundary conditions and highlights the need to carry out deeper investigations even though certain classical boundary conditions are taken into account through the most modern electronic computers.     

Influence of multiple scattering on three-dimensional imaging with optical diffraction tomography

Optical diffraction tomography is an imaging technique that permits retrieval of the map of permittivity of an object from its scattered far field. Most reconstruction procedures assume that single scattering is dominant so that the scattered far field is linearly linked to the permittivity. In this work, we present a nonlinear inversion method and apply it to complex three-dimensional samples. We show that multiple scattering permits one to obtain a power of resolution beyond the classical limit imposed by the use of propagative incident and diffracted waves. Moreover, we stress that our imaging method is robust with respect to correlated and uncorrelated noise.