基于惯性/地磁组合技术的全自动陀螺经纬仪的研制

陀螺经纬仪寻北自动化的研究是目前国内的热点问题。以JT-15陀螺仪为样机,探索了实现陀螺经纬仪智能化及全自动化的关键技术。设计了陀螺经纬仪数字化测量子系统、电子罗盘自动初寻北子系统、陀螺灵敏部自动升降子系统和基于DSP及CPLD的控制子系统。各子系统通过总体软件系统控制,协调工作,实现了陀螺经纬仪寻北的全自动运行。在实验室环境下进行的寻北实验表明,仪器寻北测量时间为11 min时,寻北精度优于8″;测量时间为4 min时,寻北精度优于20″。该全自动寻北系统大大降低了机械陀螺寻北的操作难度,有效的提高了寻北效率,为我国机械陀螺寻北技术的提升做出了自己的贡献。     

3/4周期中天法的陀螺智能寻北

陀螺仪寻北的中天法一次测量需要一个完整的陀螺摆动周期,需时较长,已不能适应现代测量需要。在传统中天法的基础上,提出了3/4周期中天法,并给出了3/4周期中天法的原理和推导公式。完成了传统中天法与3/4周期中天法应用于JT15陀螺仪上的精度对比实验。实验表明:3/4周期中天法在基本保持中天法测量精度的情况下,可以有效地缩减中天法的寻北时间。说明了欠周期中天法寻北测量的可行性,从而为提高寻北效率找到了一条有效的途径。     

陀螺经纬仪全自动化关键技术的研究

基于传统悬挂式机械转子陀螺仪,探索了实现陀螺经纬仪全自动化与智能化的关键技术.设计了陀螺经纬仪数字化采集子系统、电子罗盘自动粗寻北子系统、陀螺灵敏部自动升降子系统以及基于MSP430与CPLD的智能控制系统.各子系统通过总控制系统协调工作,实现了陀螺经纬仪寻北的全自动运行.大量寻北实验表明:该系统有效可靠,陀螺运行平稳,重复测量精度达到了8"以内.该寻北系统大大降低了陀螺仪寻北的操作难度,有效地提高了寻北效率和测量精度,为实现陀螺经纬仪全自动化和智能化奠定了基础.     

半周期中天法在初寻北中的应用研究

目前陀螺初寻北大多还是采用逆转点法,影响寻北速度且难以实现仪器自动化.由陀螺仪寻北中天法的基本原理出发,提出了一种固定照准部的初寻北半周期中天法.设计了如下初寻北方案:利用粗寻北传感器进入相对真北±1°的范围,再用半周期中天法进行初寻北测量.实验表明,半周期中天法应用于JT-15陀螺仪的初寻北精度可以达到±8′,而且初寻北效率提高了一倍.     

基于抗差估计的快速动态寻北算法

陀螺寻北仪是一种精确、快速测定真北方位的仪器.主要特点是:定向精度高、测量时间短、在任何时间和地点(高纬度地区除外)都可以自主定向.然而,陀螺寻北仪易受异常因素影响,而使定向观测值产生异常.采用旋转调制方法,研究了以动调陀螺为角速率传感器的全姿态寻北仪.为了削弱动调陀螺的噪声对寻北精度的影响,基于抗差估计原理构造了高崩溃污染率的初值辅以IGGⅢ方案迭代解算的混合算法.计算结果表明:基于可靠初值和稳定均方差因子估值的抗差估计可以有效削弱异常干扰的影响.测试结果显示,在4 min之内系统的寻北精度优于1.5 ',远高于最小二乘估计得到的精度.     

二位置陀螺寻北仪及转位误差分析

文章介绍了二位置陀螺寻北仪工作过程及算法原理,它采用陀螺仪在相差180°的两点上采样相互对消陀螺常值漂移的方法,提高寻北精度;其突出特点是结构简单,实现方便,精度较好;为了提高寻北精度和缩短寻北时间,文章找出误差源中的转位误差,并分析了转位误差对寻北误差的影响,推导了误差公式,得出转位误差引起的寻北误差是一个常量的结论,同时提出了转位误差的测量与补偿方法。     

全自动智能陀螺寻北仪中待测光标信号采集模块的设计

介绍了全自动智能陀螺寻北仪的硬件系统原理图.基于CPLD技术设计的电路驱动CCD图像传感器,通过待测光标信号采集模块,实现陀螺仪光标信号的高精度自动采集.实验表明该模块能有效的代替人眼对光标进行识别,可以减少测量结果对操作人员素质的依赖,使寻北仪的寻北精度从原来的30″提高到5″,为仪器寻北全自动化和智能化奠定了基础.     

复合寻北在全自动陀螺经纬仪系统中的应用

介绍了当前国产陀螺寻北仪的缺陷,阐述了基于电荷耦合器件(CCD)与微处理器技术在陀螺仪寻北的光学系统结构和工作原理,给出了复合式方法与微处理器在寻北仪的定向计算公式及其数学模型,通过试验证明其有效性。说明了该系统可以缩短测量时间、简化操作,并部分提高了陀螺经纬仪的寻北精度,标准差可控制在10″以内。     

陀螺电源对陀螺寻北结果的影响分析

为了进一步提高陀螺仪的寻北精度,分析研究了陀螺电源的稳定性对寻北结果产生的影响.设计了一种基于TMS320F2407A的数字陀螺电源系统;建立了陀螺马达转速的稳定性影响陀螺寻北结果的理论模型;利用上述模型导出陀螺电源的输出电压和频率的变化影响寻北结果的计算公式;实验结果表明:当电源输出电压在34～36 V之间变化时,寻北结果最大偏差12',当电源输出电压低于34 V时,寻北结果偏差大于1',与理论计算的结果基本吻合,表明该电源满足陀螺仪的工作要求.     

单激光陀螺罗盘寻北误差建模及滤波技术

传统吊带式陀螺罗盘系统短时间快速寻北精度较低,对环境的适应能力差.为提高陀螺罗盘寻北性能,提出使用单激光陀螺作为测量元件的二位置罗盘寻北方案.考虑到激光陀螺输出数据特性以及陀螺罗盘系统应用条件,通过对激光陀螺误差源进行分析,确定针对陀螺输出数据使用惯性环节滤波和滑动平均的组合滤波方法.以低精度激光陀螺实验数据进行仿真计算.滤波前后信号对比明显,说明滤波方法对噪声信号抑制效果明显;寻北结果达到4'的精度且收敛速度较快,证明了方案的可行性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.