一种基于负载局域分配的相继故障模型

为了更好地研究复杂网络抵制相继故障的鲁棒性,在经典的负载-容量模型基础上,提出了一种基于负载局域分配的相继故障模型。结合现实网络特点定义了衡量相继故障程度的指标——网络效率,提出节点对超出负载具有一定的容忍能力。将所提出的相继故障模型应用于经典复杂网络模型均观察到发生了相继故障现象,且通过仿真研究了相继故障传播的影响因素。实验结果表明,不同的节点失效方式、模型参数值以及网络的介数分布都会影响相继故障的传播。     

基于复杂网络理论的连锁故障模型研究概述

在复杂网络中,由微小触动引发的网络连锁故障会导致网络崩溃的灾难性后果,对连锁故障的理论建模是研究复杂网络连锁故障的关键和基础。论文从复杂网络理论角度介绍和评述了几种连锁故障模型,分析了预防和控制连锁故障的可行途径;并指出了今后值得注意的研究方向。     

单相接地故障负序选线方法的研究

基于不对称故障时负序网络在单电源放射性网络的拓扑结构,研究了负序电流的相角变化规律。研究结果表明,在单电源放射性网络中,当网络中发生单相接地故障时,故障线路与非故障线路的负序电流相角相差趋于180°,以此选出在这类输电网络中发生单相接地故障时的故障线路。由于该方法需要判断的量仅有负序电流的相角,所以选线方法方便易行。大量仿真验证了方法的正确性和有效性。     

多传感器网络中的分布式故障检测算法

在传感器网络中,分布式故障检测算法(DFD算法)通过与所有邻居节点的传感器数据的比较判断,实现节点传感器的故障检测。但是,在故障节点聚集的网络区域,故障节点比例的上升将导致该区域的故障检测精度显著下降。针对多传感器网络,本文利用多传感器在相同区域的故障分布差异及传感器之间关联特性对DFD故障检测算法进行改进,提出适用于多传感器网络的MDFD算法,提高了故障聚集区域的检测精度。性能分析和仿真结果表明:在节点故障率高的网络中,与DFD和IDFD算法相比,MDFD提高了故障检测精度,算法适用于节点分布稀疏和传感器故障率较高的网络。     

低故障恢复开销的软件定义网络控制器布局算法

控制器部署技术是软件定义网络的重要研究方向。现有控制器布局技术更多地关注节点故障时网络的鲁棒性布局方法,缺乏对连边故障情况下的灾备分析。为了解决这个问题,建立了一种低故障恢复开销软件定义网络控制器布局模型,该模型针对连边故障进行设计,并利用基于模拟退火思想的算法进行求解。仿真结果表明,该模型及算法在尽量少地损失网络时延代价的同时,有效降低了控制路径出现故障时网络的故障恢复开销。     

基于网络拓扑结构的智能故障定位系统设计与实现

故障管理是网络管理的一个重要组成部分。故障在网络运行中不可避免,一旦故障发生,会在网络中传播。智能故障定位是实现网络故障管理自动化的关键。文章介绍了一个基于网络拓扑结构的智能故障定位系统的设计与实现,主要包括总体功能设计、智能故障定位算法的设计与实现等。     

基于两级神经网络的传感器在线故障诊断技术研究

针对水下航行器控制系统的故障状态,采用BP神经网络设计了一种由主网络和局部网络构成的两级神经网络故障诊断算法,其中主网络用于水下航行器控制系统的故障检测,一旦发现有故障发生,则局部网络完成对故障的识别。通过仿真研究表明该方法可及时完成传感器故障的分离与定位。     

宽带接入网络的故障管理算法

随着宽带接入网络技术的发展,如何有效地进行网络管理的问题日益突出。故障管理是网络管理的核心内容。文章提出了将故障轮询机制与监听来自管理代理的Trap消息来检测故障的方法相结合的事件流分析方法。该算法很好地实现了故障检测的功能。     

基于网络拓朴结构的智能故障定位系统设计与实现

故障管理是网络管理的一个重要组成部分.故障在网络运行中不可避免,一旦故障发生,会在网络中传播、智能故障定位是实现网络故障管理自动化的关键。文章介绍了一个基于网络拓扑结构的智能故障定位系统的设计与实现，主要包括总本功能设计、智能故障定位算法的设计与实现等。     

SpaceWire冗余网络故障检测恢复技术实现

为提高SapceWire网络可靠性,基于SpaceWire-D提出了一种应用于SpaceWire冗余网络的故障检测恢复技术。网络节点通过比较主、备份端口收到的时间码来判断链路故障状态,在确认主链路发生故障后,节点自动启用备份端口工作。通过引入时间码抖动容限参数,提高了节点对故障判断的准确性,避免了故障误判。测试结果表明,即使故障链路未与节点直接连接,节点也能够在一个时间槽长度内检测到链路故障并自动切换至备份链路。此技术保证了网络故障情况下的数据正确传输,提高了SpaceWire网络的可靠性,是一种稳定可靠的故障检测恢复技术。     

A method of defuzzification based on the approach of areas' ratio

The new method of defuzzification of output parameters from the base of fuzzy rules for a Mamdani fuzzy controller is given in the paper. The peculiarity of the method is the usage of the universal equation for the area computation of the geometric shapes. During the realization of fuzzy inference linguistic terms, the structure changes from the triangular into a trapezoidal shape. That is why the universal equation is used. The method is limited and can be used only for the triangular and trapezoidal membership functions. Gaussian functions can also be used while modifying the proposed method. Traditional defuzzification models such as Middle of Maxima − MoM, First of Maxima − FoM, Last of Maxima − LoM, First of Suppport − FoS, Last of Support − LoS, Middle of Support − MoS, Center of Sums − CoS, Model of Height − MoH have a number of systematic errors: curse of dimensionality, partition of unity condition and absence of additivity. The above-mentioned methods can be seen as Center of Gravity − CoG, which has the same errors. These errors lead to the fact that accuracy of fuzzy systems decreases, because during the training root mean square error increases. One of the reasons that provokes the errors is that some of the activated fuzzy rules are excluded from the fuzzy inference. It is also possible to increase the accuracy of the fuzzy system through properties of continuity. The proposed method guarantees fulfilling of the property of continuity, as the intersection point of the adjustment linguistic terms equals 0.5 when a parametrized membership function is used. The causes of errors and a way to delete them are reviewed in the paper. The proposed method excludes errors which are inherent to the traditional and non- traditional models of defuzzification. Comparative analysis of the proposed method of defuzzification with traditional and non-traditional models shows its effectiveness.     

一种面向查询的多文档摘要方法

面向查询的多文档摘要技术有两个难点 第一,为了保证摘要与查询密切相关,容易造成摘要内容重复,不够全面;第二,原始查询难以完整描述查询意图,需进行查询扩展,而现有查询扩展方法多依赖于外部语义资源。针对以上问题,该文提出一种面向查询的多文档摘要方法,利用主题分析技术识别出当前主题下的子主题,综合考虑句子所在的子主题与查询的相关度以及子主题的重要度两方面因素来选择摘要句,并根据词语在子主题之间的共现信息,在不使用任何外部知识的情况下,进行查询扩展。在DUC2006评测语料上的实验结果表明,与Baseline系统相比,该系统取得了更高的ROUGE评价值,基于子主题的查询扩展方法则进一步提高了摘要的质量。     

基于结构相似性与模板校正的织物瑕疵检测方法

针对复杂的具有周期性结构的织物瑕疵检测,提出一种基于结构相似性与模板校正的织物瑕疵检测方法。通过图案的周期性,得到图案单位模板大小,再对图像自动分割,同时应用基于模板校正的方法以减少晶格之间未对准的影响,并构建均值模板。通过计算所有晶格间的结构相似性,并将相似关系通过传递闭包的方式得到等价关系,再进行晶格间的聚类。之后通过阈值分割方法,完成瑕疵区域的检测。通过实验表明,改进后的算法检测效果较好,本文算法显著提高了样本的查准率。     

Remote sensing of spring phenology in boreal regions: A free of snow-effect method using NOAA-AVHRR and SPOT-VGT data (1982-2004)

Measurements of spring phenological dates in boreal regions using NDVI can be affected by snowmelt. This impacts the analysis of interannual variations in phenology and the estimates of annual carbon fluxes. For these two objectives, snowmelt effect must be removed from the phenological detection. We propose a methodology for determining the date of onset of greening in the 1982-2004 period using SPOT-VEGETATION (VGT) and NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. From 1998 onwards, the date of onset of greening is taken as the date at which the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), calculated from SPOT-VGT near and short-wave infrared bands, starts increasing. This index decreases with snowmelt but increases with vegetation greening. For the 1982-2001 period, the date of onset of greening is the date at which AVHRR-NDVI equals a pixel specific threshold (PST), determined using the results of the NDWI method in the years common to the two datasets. The methods are validated using in situ measurements of the dates of leaf appearance. RMSE of 6.7 and 7.8 days, respectively, is found using NDWI-VGT and PST-NOAA methodologies, and the difference between the two methodologies in the common years is small. Very importantly, the dates are not biased. The interannual variations of the 23-year spring phenology dataset on the study area in northern Eurasia are analysed. In average over the study area, an advance of 8 days and a delay of 3.6 days are, respectively, found over the periods 1982-1991 and 1993-2004. These results confirm and complete previous studies about the greening trend, remove the uncertainty due to snow, and may improve carbon budget calculations.     

An Analysis of the Criteria for Evaluating Adequate Theories of Computation

This paper deals with the question: What are the criteria that an adequate theory of computation has to meet? (1) Smith’s answer: it has to meet the empirical criterion (i.e. doing justice to computational practice), the conceptual criterion (i.e. explaining all the underlying concepts) and the cognitive criterion (i.e. providing solid grounds for computationalism). (2) Piccinini’s answer: it has to meet the objectivity criterion (i.e. identifying computation as a matter of fact), the explanation criterion (i.e. explaining the computer’s behaviour), the right things compute criterion, the miscomputation criterion (i.e. accounting for malfunctions), the taxonomy criterion (i.e. distinguishing between different classes of computers) and the empirical criterion. (3) Von Neumann’s answer: it has to meet the precision and reliability of computers criterion, the single error criterion (i.e. addressing the impacts of errors) and the distinction between analogue and digital computers criterion. (4) “Everything” computes answer: it has to meet the implementation theory criterion by properly explaining the notion of implementation.     

CCD camera modeling and simulation

In this paper we propose a modeling of an acquisition line made up of a CCD camera, a lens and a frame grabber card. The purpose of this modeling is to simulate the acquisition process in order to obtain images of virtual objects. The response time has to be short enough to permit interactive simulation. All the stages are modelised: in the first phase, we present a geometric model which supplies a point to point transformation that provides, for a space point in the camera field, the corresponding point on the plane of the CCD sensor. The second phase consists of modeling the discrete space which implies passing from the continous known object view to a discrete image, in accordance with the different orgin of the contrast loss. In the third phase, the video signal is reconstituted in order to be sampled by the frame grabber card. The practical results are close to reality when compared to image processing. This tool makes it possible to obtain a short computation time simulation of a vision sensor. This enables interactivity either with the user or with software for the design/simulation of an industrial workshop equipped with a vision system. It makes testing possible and validates the choice of sensor placement and image processing and analysis. Thanks to this simulation tool, we can control perfectly the position of the object image placed under the camera and in this way, we can characterise the performance of subpixel accuracy determining methods for object positioning.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于Multisim8的元件模型的导入和应用

Multisim8是一款优秀仿真软件,使用该软件可对电路进行各种参数分析。我们在享受其便利的同时,也遇到因缺少元器件导致电路仿真无法进行的阻力。解决此问题的方法就是为元件建立仿真模型并新建或扩充已有的元器件库。在不熟悉Spice编程原理的情况下,我们可通过相关网址查找到元件厂商提供的元件模型,利用模型导入的方法来建立需要的新元件。通过对新元件应用电路的仿真分析,新元件完全符合要求。在此基础上,使用元件的导入与导出功能还可对新元件进行文件备份并实现新元件在不同用户间的资源共享。     

集族等价与基于粒的下近似算子研究

基于覆盖的粗集是推广经典粗集理论的方法之一,有基于元素、基于粒和基于子系统的3类定义上下近似的途径,以往大多数的文献往往从基于元素的角度出发进行定义。为了研究基于粒的近似算子特别是下近似算子的性质,借鉴格论中既约元、可约元等概念,提出了集族约简的概念。从集族约简出发,探讨了集族等价的概念与性质,并设计了集族约简的算法,得到了两个集族等价是两个集族生成相同的下近似运算的充要条件这一结果,为进一步开展一般二元关系下基于粒的近似算子的公理化方法的研究做了初步的理论方面的准备工作。