酸性电解水对纯培养及食品中食源性致病菌杀菌效果比较研究

比较研究不同有效氯质量浓度的酸性电解水对纯培养单增李斯特菌和副溶血性弧菌,以及人工接种到黄瓜上的单增李斯特菌和副溶血性弧菌处理不同时间后的杀灭效果。结果表明:酸性电解水分别对在纯培养条件下及在黄瓜上的2种食源性致病菌均具有很强的杀灭效果,其杀菌效果随着有效氯(ACC)质量浓度和处理时间的增加而增强。对纯培养物的杀菌实验表明:当酸性电解水ACC质量浓度为30mg/L时,0.5min内可以完全杀灭副溶血性弧菌;当ACC质量浓度为40mg/L时,0.5min内可以完全杀灭单增李斯特菌。酸性电解水处理上述黄瓜时,当ACC质量浓度为40mg/L时,1.5min内可将黄瓜表面的副溶血性弧菌全部杀灭;当ACC质量浓度为50mg/L时,2.5min内可杀灭黄瓜表面的单增李斯特菌约5(lg(CFU/g))。检测使用后的酸性电解水废液,发现其中无任何微生物残留,排放后不会对环境造成二次污染。     

酸性电解水对蔬菜杀菌效果的研究

通过使用酸性电解水对豆芽进行杀菌处理,探讨了酸性电解水的用量、pH、杀菌时间、处理次数等因素对豆芽杀菌效果的影响。试验结果表明,酸性电解水的使用量不影响杀菌效果;酸性电解水的pH越小,杀菌效果越显著;处理时间越长,杀菌效果越好;多次处理的杀菌效果好于1次处理的。     

强酸性电解水对猪通脊的杀菌效果研究

考察强酸性电解水对猪肉的杀菌效果、影响因素以及在杀菌过程中强酸性电解水各指标的变化。结果表明:强酸性电解水的有效氯浓度(ACC)从29.62mg/L增加到88.87mg/L,其对猪肉样品的杀菌率由88.2%上升到96.3%,杀菌率呈迅速上升,而后变化趋于平缓。用强酸性电解水浸渍猪肉10min,其体积(mL)为样品质量(g)7倍后,再增加强酸性电解水体积,杀菌效果没有明显提高。强酸性电解水处理样品8min后,细菌总数的对数从4.59下降到3.40,此后,延长浸泡时间,细菌总数变化不大。在处理过程中,强酸水的有效氯浓度、氧化还原电位和pH在1min内急剧下降,而后下降趋势变缓。     

微酸性电解水杀灭菠菜表面微生物的影响因素

采用微酸性电解水对菠菜进行杀菌处理,考察微酸性电解水对菠菜的杀菌效果及影响因素,包括不同杀菌剂杀菌效果比较、浸泡时间、处理方式及与强碱性电解水预处理、超声波辅助处理联用对杀菌效果的影响,同时对处理过程中微酸性电解水有效氯浓度(ACC)、pH值、氧化还原电位(ORP)的变化进行分析。结果表明:微酸性电解水(ACC 31.73mg/L、pH 5.92、ORP 836.5mV)的杀菌效果明显优于相同ACC的次氯酸钠溶液;随着ACC的升高微酸性电解水的杀菌效果逐渐增强,当ACC增至31.37mg/L时可使微生物数降低1.69(lg(CFU/g)),ACC继续升高至67.96mg/L,杀菌效果则无显著性增强;分别对菠菜进行浸泡处理1、3、5、10min,微酸性电解水的杀菌效果无显著性差异,随着浸泡时间的延长微酸性电解水的ACC及ORP呈显著下降趋势,pH值无明显变化;采用强碱性电解水预处理和超声波辅助处理,能使微酸性电解水的杀菌效果分别提高约0.5(lg(CFU/g))、1.0(lg(CFU/g));采用微酸性电解水浸泡处理杀菌效果优于冲洗处理。     

酸性电解水对果蔬杀菌及保鲜效果的研究

本研究采用酸性电解水对新鲜菠菜、桃子及樱桃进行处理,考察了酸性电解水对上述果蔬在不同贮藏条件下保鲜效果的影响.结果表明,pH 3.04、有效氯浓度(ACC)30.2 mg/kg的强酸性电解水和pH 5.68、ACC 26.6 mg/kg的微酸性电解水浸泡处理5min均能使菠菜表面的微生物数下降2.0lg cfu/g以上...     

酸性电解水处理对大豆杀菌效果的研究

为了考察酸性电解水对大豆表面微生物起作用的时间段及为能彻底杀灭大豆表面的微生物,本实验在用酸性电解水处理大豆时随时间测定大豆表面的细菌总数,并且改变酸性电解水浸泡大豆的温度、浸泡后采取一定物理辅助手段考察对杀菌效果的影响,结果酸性电解水在短时间内就接近达到最大杀菌效果,并且浸泡过大豆后的酸性电解水失去原有的理化性质;浸泡时温度越低,酸性电解水的杀菌效果越好;而采取一定的物理辅助手段有利于杀菌效果的提高,其中酸性电解水浸泡后磁力搅拌器搅拌杀菌效果最佳。     

不同处理对酸性电解水物理化学特性的影响

酸性电解水是稀盐或稀酸溶液在电场作用下电解生成的水溶液,其物理化学特性对杀菌效果有很大影响.考察不同电解质溶液(NaCl、KCl、MgCl2和CaCl2)的电解特性和静置、搅拌、加热、冷却和光照处理方式对酸性电解水的pH、ORP、电导率和有效氯浓度的影响.结果表明4种盐类电解质的电解特性相似,均随着电解时间的增加,pH值降低,ORP值、电导率和有效氯含量升高,且在电解初期DH值和ORP值变化显著,然后趋于平缓.相同电解条件下,KCl溶液具有最优的电解特性.酸性电解水的pH值和ORP值在各种处理中均较为稳定,温度对电导率的影响较大.4种处理都引起有效氯浓度的明显降低,其中加热、光照和搅拌对它的影响最显著,这可能会影响到酸性电解水的杀菌效果.     

酸性电解水保鲜机理及其在水产品中应用效果的研究进展

酸性电解水保鲜技术是一种绿色且有前途的新型技术,酸性电解水pH值低、氧化还原电位高且含有一定浓度的有效氯,具有安全绿色、广谱杀菌、高效保鲜和价格低廉等优点。酸性电解水提供了一种替代传统水产品保鲜方法的新途径,并且已经成功应用于水产品的杀菌和钝化酶活力等过程。酸性电解水还能与其他杀菌技术协同作用,提高保鲜效果。本文概述了酸性电解水的保鲜机理,综述了其在水产品中的最新应用进展。最后,对其应用前景进行了展望,以期为酸性电解水在水产品保鲜中的应用提供一定的理论指导。     

酸性电解水对副溶血性弧菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌杀菌效果的比较研究

目的研究不同浓度酸性电解水对副溶血性弧菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌单增李斯特菌的杀菌作用,比较酸性电解水对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌的杀菌效果。方法采用传统的平板计数法进行细菌计数,扫描电镜观察细菌细胞的形态变化,琼脂糖胶电泳检测细菌DNA变化和BSA法进行细菌蛋白质泄露测定。结果酸性电解水对副溶血性弧菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌均具有很强的杀灭效果,其杀菌效果随着电解水浓度的增加而增强。较高浓度的电解水处理后,副溶血性弧菌几乎全部杀灭,单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌菌落总数降低了1.45 log CFU/mL。扫描电镜实验表明,经酸性电解水处理的副溶血性弧菌坍塌明显,且随着酸性电解水浓度的升高,细胞形态崩解严重,细菌形状模糊。结论相较于单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌,酸性电解水对革兰氏阴性菌副溶血性弧菌有明显的杀菌效果     

微酸性电解水对肠炎沙门氏菌的杀菌机制初探

为研究微酸性电解水(Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water,SAEW)对肠炎沙门氏菌的杀菌机制,本文探讨了SAEW对肠炎沙门氏菌细胞膜通透性、细胞膜完整性、胞内活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)及胞内ATP等的影响。试验结果显示,有效氯浓度为10 mg/L的SAEW处理1 min后,可杀灭鸡蛋表面肠炎沙门氏菌2.04 lg(CFU/g);与对照组相比,SAEW处理组菌悬液的电导率升高,由13.78±0.13 ms/cm显著增加到16.32±0.10 ms/cm(P<0.05),蛋白质泄漏量增加,由0.07±0.04 g prot/L显著增长至0.30±0.03 g prot/L(P<0.05),核酸泄漏量增加,ROS积累量增加,胞内ATP含量降低。扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)显示,经SAEW处理后,肠炎沙门氏菌的细胞壁结构不完整,遭到破坏,有明显的穿孔现象,且许多细菌表面凹陷变形或破碎粘连。试验结果表明,SAEW能够显著提高肠炎沙门氏菌细胞膜的通透性并严重破坏细胞膜的...     

电解水在黑小麦发芽中的应用研究

本研究用电解水生产黑小麦芽,探究电解水对黑小麦发芽及生长的影响,并考察了电解水处理对黑小麦芽基本营养成分的影响,以期为电解水用于黑小麦的发芽提供科学依据。试验结果表明,电解水均可以促进黑小麦种子的萌发,其中p H值为4.55,有效氯浓度20.14 mg/L的酸性电解水处理组黑小麦发芽率比自来水对照组提高15.29%。但电解水处理组会不同程度的抑制黑小麦芽胚轴和胚根的生长,与自来水p H值相近的酸性或碱性电解水的抑制作用相对较弱。经p H值4.36~4.91,有效氯浓度10~30 mg/L的酸性电解水处理的黑小麦芽脂肪含量比自来水对照组降低27.06%~36.93%,还原糖含量降低21.84%~56.58%,总糖含量降低13.68%~27.11%,而蛋白质含量与对照组间无显著差异。因此在黑小麦芽的生产过程中,适宜在种子浸泡阶段使用电解水,而在芽苗淋浇阶段使用自来水,这样既促进了种子的萌发,也不会对黑小麦芽的生长产生抑制作用。     

Effects of slightly acidic low concentration electrolyzed water on microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory quality of fresh chicken breast meat

Anticmicrobial effect of slightly acidic low concentration electrolyzed water (SlALcEW) and strong acidic electrolyzed water (StAEW) on fresh chicken breast meat was evaluated in this study. Meat samples each of 10 ± 0.2 g in weight and 2.5 × 2.5 cm2 in size were experimentally inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19115) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) and subjected to dipping treatment (22 ± 2 °C for 10 min) with SlALcEW and StAEW. Shelf-life study was conducted for inoculated and noninoculated meat samples treated with SlALcEW and StAEW at storage temperatures of 5, 15, and 25 °C. Dipping treatment with electrolyzed water significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the background and inoculated pathogens compared to untreated controls. The reduction of 1.5 to 2.3 log CFU/g was achieved by SlALcEW and StAEW against background flora, L. monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the SlALcEW and StAEW treatments efficacy. Comparing treated samples to untreated controls showed that SlALcEW and StAEW treatments extended the shelf life of chicken meat at different temperatures with marginal changes of sensory quality. Although SlALcEW and StAEW treatments showed similar antimicrobial effects but SlALcEW was more beneficial in practical application for its semineutral pH and low chlorine content. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Food safety issues have led to development of new sanitizers to eliminate spoilage and pathogenic organisms in food. This study provides the foundation for further application of slightly acidic low concentration electrolyzed water (SlALcEW) as a sanitizing agent in meat industry. SlALcEW can be produced on site on demand and no chemicals are necessary except NaCl solution. It does not leave any residue in food due to low chlorine concentration and it is safe to handle for its semineutral pH.     

Effectiveness of electrolyzed acidic water in killing Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enteritidis,and Listeria monocytogenes on the surfaces of tomatoes

A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of electrolyzed acidic water, 200-ppm chlorine water, and sterile distilled water in killing Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes on the surfaces of spot-inoculated tomatoes. Inoculated tomatoes were sprayed with electrolyzed acidic water, 200-ppm chlorine water, and sterile distilled water (control) and rubbed by hand for 40 s. Populations of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes in the rinse water and in the peptone wash solution were determined. Treatment with 200-ppm chlorine water and electrolyzed acidic water resulted in 4.87- and 7.85-log10 reductions, respectively, in Escherichia coli O157:H7 counts and 4.69- and 7.46-log10 reductions, respectively, in Salmonella counts. Treatment with 200-ppm chlorine water and electrolyzed acidic water reduced the number of L. monocytogenes by 4.76 and 7.54 log10 CFU per tomato, respectively. This study's findings suggest that electrolyzed acidic water could be useful in controlling pathogenic microorganisms on fresh produce.     

Efficacy of electrolyzed water in inactivating Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes on shell eggs

The efficacy of acidic electrolyzed (EO) water produced at three levels of total available chlorine (16, 41, and 77 mg/ liter) and chlorinated water with 45 and 200 mg/liter of residual chlorine was investigated for inactivating Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes on shell eggs. An increasing reduction in Listeria population was observed with increasing chlorine concentration from 16 to 77 mg/liter and treatment time from 1 to 5 min, resulting in a maximal reduction of 3.70 log CFU per shell egg compared with a deionized water wash for 5 min. There was no significant difference in antibacterial activities against Salmonella and Listeria at the same treatment time between 45 mg/liter of chlorinated water and 14-A acidic EO water treatment (P > or = 0.05). Chlorinated water (200 mg/liter) wash for 3 and 5 min was the most effective treatment; it reduced mean populations of Listeria and Salmonella on inoculated eggs by 4.89 and 3.83 log CFU/shell egg, respectively. However, reductions (log CFU/shell egg) of Listeria (4.39) and Salmonella (3.66) by 1-min alkaline EO water treatment followed by another 1 min of 14-A acidic EO water (41 mg/liter chlorine) treatment had a similar reduction to the 1-min 200 mg/liter chlorinated water treatment for Listeria (4.01) and Salmonella (3.81). This study demonstrated that a combination of alkaline and acidic EO water wash is equivalent to 200 mg/liter of chlorinated water wash for reducing populations of Salmonella Enteritidis and L. monocytogenes on shell eggs.     

Roles of hydroxyl radicals in electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) for the inactivation of Escherichia coli

The food industry has recognized electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) as a promising alternative decontamination technique. However, there is not a consensus about the sanitizing mechanism of EOW. In this study, we evaluated the disinfection efficacy of different types of EOW on Escherichia coli. Based on the hypothesis of hydroxyl radicals existing in EOW, in the present study, the hydroxyl radicals existed in slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) diluted to different levels were detected quantitatively. An ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer was used to scan EOW with different pH values. Accounting for the results of UV scanning to EOW with different pH value and the disinfection efficacy of different types of EOW, it can be concluded that considering the lower chlorine concentration of EOW compared with traditional chlorine disinfectants, the existing form of chlorine compounds rather than the hydroxyl radicals played important role in the disinfection efficacy of EOW.     

酸性电解水冰在食品杀菌保鲜中的应用研究进展

酸性电解水冰(acidic electrolyzed water ice,AEW ice)是近年来发展的一种新型非热杀菌保鲜技术。相较于传统自来水冰(TW ice),该技术具有低p H、高氧化还原电位(ORP)和一定浓度的有效氯(ACC)的特性,同时也具有普通冰的低温高湿优势,关键是结合了电解水快速、广谱杀灭微生物与较好的保鲜能力。本文对酸性电解水冰的生成原理与理化特性,杀菌效果与机制,及其在食品保鲜中的应用研究进展进行了综述,旨在为未来电解水冰在食品工业中的应用提供理论参考。     

超声波协同微酸性电解水对小龙虾净化及品质的影响

为了探究小龙虾（Procambarus clarkii）的净化工艺,采用超声波清洗协同微酸性电解水减菌技术对小龙虾进行活体净化处理。本文以小龙虾的菌落总数、芽孢总数及清洗液浊度为评价指标,以微酸性电解水的有效氯浓度、浸泡时间以及超声波功率为单因素水平,研究了微酸性电解水对小龙虾的减菌效果和超声波对小龙虾的清洗效果。结果表明:微酸性电解水的有效氯质量浓度越高,处理时间越长减菌效果越好。当微酸性电解水有效氯质量浓度60 mg/L,处理小龙虾50 min后菌落总数和芽孢总数分别下降了4.26 lg CFU/g、500 CFU/g,减菌率分别达到了99.99%、92.61%;使用超声波技术对小龙虾进行清洗处理,超声功率50 W处理50 min后小龙虾存活率为100%,清洗液浊度为181 NTU,显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。超声波技术协同微酸性电解水对小龙虾活体净化处理后,小龙虾初始菌由7.17 lg CFU/g降到3.52 lg CFU/g,净化效果显著优于车间气泡清洗工艺（P<0.05）。小龙虾净化前后的营养价值和品质无显著性差异（P>0.05）,该工艺合理有效。     

离子特性及贮藏条件对强酸性电生功能水理化性质的影响

在相同条件下对离子配比不同以及阳离子不同的电解液分别电解,测定生成水样的理化指标。研究发现,当氯离子浓度不变时,钠离子浓度成倍数增加会导致强酸性电生功能水(AEW)中有效氯浓度成倍数增加;当同时电解Cl-为35mmol/L的溶液时,KCl、MgCl2、NaCl和CaCl2四种电解质产生水样的有效氯浓度分别为90.1、74.8、56.8和48.2mg/L。另外,本文还将有效氯浓度为50mg/L左右的强酸性电生功能水在不同条件下贮藏了21d,定期测定有效氯浓度(ACC)、pH、氧化还原电位(ORP)、电导率(EC)以及溶解氧浓度(DO)在贮藏过程中的变化。结果表明,大容量器、玻璃容器和低温贮藏有利于酸性电生功能水有效氯和溶解氧的保存,密闭有利于氧化还原电位值的保持;酸性电生功能水贮藏不宜超过1周,最好在5d以内;不同电解质制备水样的贮藏稳定性由高到低依次为MgCl2、CaCl2、NaCl和KCl。     

Electrolyzed Water as a Disinfectant for Fresh-cut Vegetables

The effect of electrolyzed water on total microbial count was evaluated on several fresh-cut vegetables. When fresh-cut carrots, bell peppers, spinach, Japanese radish, and potatoes were treated with electrolyzed water (pH 6.8, 20 ppm available chlorine) by dipping, rinsing, or dipping/blowing, microbes on all cuts were reduced by 0.6 to 2.6 logs CFU/g. Rinsing or dipping/blowing were more effective than dipping. Electrolyzed water containing 50 ppm available chlorine had a stronger bactericidal effect than that containing 15 or 30 ppm chlorine for fresh-cut carrots, spinach, or cucumber. Electrolyzed water did not affect tissue pH, surface color, or general appearance of fresh-cut vegetables.