电力技术期刊在市场经济中的创新

简要介绍电力科技期刊的发展史，通过对电力科技期刊类型、内容的分析，论述电力科技期刊在电力工业科技进步与创新中的地位，同时，对于电力科技期刊的质量控制、创新和发展策略提出了建设性的意见。     

浅析电力企业的集团化经营

此文分析了电力企业的现状，发展电力企业集团的必要性和优点，提出了促进，建立电力企业集团化经营的方法、步骤，可供参考。     

基于WWW的电力市场需求分析与预测系统

电力市场需求预测结果直接影响到电网安全可靠供电、电网经营企业的生产经营决策及经营效益，是电网运行、规划、计划、营销、乃至财务预算的基础。面向电力市场环境的新一代网络化的电力市场需求分析与预测系统（PMLF2002）采用了多项基于WWW的先进技术及先进的预测理念，在电力市场的需求预测分析技术和信息应用技术等方面处于国内领先水平。     

电力施工企业跨国经营问题研究

电力施工企业开展跨国经营，主要是通过承包国际电力工程，有效带动资本、设备、劳务和技术输出。为了寻求市场机会、保护和扩大原有的市场份额、绕过贸易壁垒、获取先进技术，得到政策优惠，走国际化经营之路已成为我国电力施工企业的战略选择。     

运用法律手段加强电费催收工作

在长期的计划经济时期，电力由国家经营，电力是公用事业已被广泛认同，而电力的商品属性却被淡化。加之长期以来形成的先用电后交费方式，使电费拖欠成为困扰电力企业的一大难题。自上世纪90年代以来，电力客户拖欠电费现象愈演愈烈，而且已经影响到电力企业的生存和发展。长沙电业局根据实际情况，针对目前电费回收难的问题，通过分析电力客户拖欠电费的种种原因，尝试综合运用经济手段、技术手段、法律手段，保证电费的回收。     

国家电网公司2004年生产经营情况

为全面反映2004年国家电网公司和平运营情况，在对2004年度国家电网公司再创历史新高的各项电力生产和电力建设相关指标介绍基础上，对2004年国家电网公司严峻的供需不平衡的电力市场环境、更复杂的安全生产环境，在负荷引导下适度超前电网的电力建设环境及得到疏导的电价情况，日益完善的供电服务和合理有效移峰，错峰，避峰需求管理情况进行分析和总结，并对下一步国家电网公司生产经营工作中的加强公司管理，加快特高压工程的规划和建设，尽快形成坚强的国家级电网，创造良好的生产经营环境，促进产业升级提出建设。     

计算机化经营

美国不断涌现的新型电力企业越来越依赖传输网络进行电力经营，而非普通市场中交易，近来，经营差不多已成为一个特殊的企业运营步骤，企业可通过电话与协商途径直接接洽，新的经营结构即将形成，我们有理由期待新的经营方式将增加交易透明度，网络经营将使企业获取更有价值的市场信息。     

电力施工企业项目经营亏损透析及对策

通过总结电力施工企业在项目经营中亏损的原因,分析了改善亏损状态的策略,为电力施工企业的项目经营提供依据,从而促进电力施工企业的可持续性发展和经济增长。     

建立电力企业法律风险防范机制

电力体制改革进程已经完成第一步，即厂网分开，竞价上网。各发电集团公司和电网经营企业经过近两年多电力市场“摔打磨练”，都已经完全进入了“有限竞争”的主体角色，并积极采取各种措施提高企业经营效益，降低企业经营成本。但是却忽略了市场经济中的一个潜规则：机遇与挑战共生，经营和风险并存。     

省级电网外部环境问题

目前全国除港澳台以外的31家省（自治区、直辖市）级电网经营企业分别隶属国家电网公司（26家电力公司，代管西藏）、南方电网有限责任公司（5家电网公司，广东、海南、广西、云南、贵州）系两大电网公司的全资公司。省级电网经营企业大多作为独立法人在法律上拥有完整的经营自主权，权利义务受到法律的约束和保护，在叫大电网公司的垂直领导下，负责其界定范围内国有资产保值增值和资源优化配置的责任，核心业务包括电网建设、电力输配、调度和购销，经管有关调峰、调频电厂，并从事与电力有关的科学研究、技术开发、电力生产、工程建设、咨询等业务。     

嵌入式操作系统的研究现状及发展趋势

总结了嵌入式操作系统及嵌入式系统工业开发的特点，概括了嵌入式操作系统的发展和现状，介绍了目前常见的嵌入式操作系统及其实现技术。     

水轮机运行区划分研究

鉴于机组运行区划分的复杂性及重大工程应用背景,本文对影响机组运行安全性的宏观指标量及常见水力原因进行分析.在此基础上,结合工程实例分别对小浪底电站混流式机组与水口电站同一种型式两台轴流转桨式机组的运行区划分原则及方法进行深入探讨.对于小浪底混流式机组,对其振动脉动各量进行相关分析,从而找到影响机组运行安全性的最为主要因素--尾水脉动,以此来作为划分的主要依据.而鉴于水口电站轴流转桨机组水压力脉动幅值较小的特点,采取以监测数据依据,结合流场与结构场计算结果对机组各运行区运行状况进行综合评定的方法.研究表明,划分出来的运行区既可反映综合运行性能,又可使得机组避开直接影响安全运行的危险区域,使电站安全运行中既有依据更有利可获.     

双稳态永磁操动机构在接触器上的成功实践

本文指出了双稳态永磁操动接触器与磁保持节能接触器的不同，虽然都是运用保持结果，但工作原理、操动过程、分断理论和系统结构都不同，所以产生的结果也不同。     

电解电容器的应用条件与寿命的关系

电解电容器是电子设备中不可缺少的元件之一，它的使用寿命直接关系到产品的可靠性和成本。因此，在选用电解电容器之前，有必要对它的应用条件与使用寿命的关系有所了解，本文分析了影响电解电容器寿命的因素。     

Operating reserve determination and its influence on the operating costs of interconnected power systems

A methodology to carry out reliability studies to compute operating reserve requirements of interconnected systems is formulated.This paper shows the application of developments carried out at ‘Instituto de Energía Eléctrica’ in order to calculate the operating reserve requirements, their composition in relation to the access times of different kinds of reserve, and the influence that equipment variations will have on the electric power system operation costs.The calculation of power interchange between areas is performed with a stochastic model of the system. In this model the different levels of assistance capacity of each area are associated with their occurrence probabilities. Covering of own demand has priority. Interconnecting lines between areas are modeled by probabilities associated with their possible states.This methodology allows adequate consideration of operating conditions in power systems planning. System optimal operation costs are calculated under the constraint that there is sufficient operating reserve (stand-by plus spinning reserve) to guarantee a given reliability level.The main aim of this work was the application of this methodology to the Sistema Nacional Interconectado Argentino (Argentine National Interconnected System) for assessing a first approach to operating reserve composition and requirements. In addition, the influence on the operating costs of including a pumped storage power plant located in the province of Buenos Aires is evaluated.     

Calculating the strength and estimating the service life of pressure vessels at thermal power stations during investigation of industrial Safety

Matters relating to carrying out strength calculations and estimating the service life of pressure vessels at power stations after this equipment has worked through standardized service life are considered. The need to carry out one kind of calculations or another, depending on the purpose and operating conditions of a vessel, is analyzed. Procedures for carrying out check calculations of vessels taking their actual state and operating conditions into account for substantiating the possibility of their further operation are described.     

黄岛发电厂四台机组运行经济性分析

对黄岛电厂１～４号机组进行多次热力试验,由试验结果分析认为：１２５ＭＷ机组运行经济性较差,热效率和缸效率都低于设计值较多;原苏制２１５ＭＷ机组运行经济性稍好。此外,本文还分析了机组的耗能情况,提出降耗指标,以及对机组通流部分的节能改造,提高内效率可行性的论述。     

Generating peaking unit operating characteristics

The operation of peaking generating units can be characterized by the frequency and duration of their operating and nonoperating states and the transitions between these states. The operating and nonoperating states of peaking generating units can vary significantly depending upon their dynamic interactive role within a power system configuration and the numerous constraints limiting their continuous operation. Based on the Canadian Electrical Association's and Alberta Power Limited's data collection systems, which define various mutually exclusive available and nonavailable states, this paper, presents the results of a statistical analysis of the states of continuous operation of several peaking generating units over a period of nine years. The significance of these operational patterns and their statistical characteristics and the implications for assessing the reliability of peaking generating units are discussed and referenced in detail. Based on a historical analysis of generator unit outage statistics, answers to many questions posed by utility personnel are addressed and discussed in some detail. Answers to these questions can have a significant impact on generation capacity planning and operating studies. This paper focuses on state transitions between reserve shut down states and operating states and generator starting characteristics     

Cost assessment of efficiency losses in hydroelectric plants

Some important real-time tasks of the independent system operator (ISO) are the monitoring and control of power system events (load deviations and contingencies). These events are usually managed by the ISO using operating reserve ancillary services. These services represent an additional capacity (MW) available in generators and some interruptible loads. Generators must change their operating points in order that this capacity can remain available. These changes might lead to efficiency losses in energy production. In systems with a high percentage of hydroelectric production, hydroelectric plants need to know the impact of ancillary services on their profits. This work therefore analyzes the cost of efficiency losses due to operating reserve availability in hydroelectric generators. A method to calculate this cost component is proposed using a unit commitment dispatch for a single hydroelectric plant. This dispatch is performed without considering the operating reserve availability and is compared with the traditional dispatch, which takes into account the availability of operating reserve. The proposal is used to calculate the cost of efficiency losses on a Brazilian hydroelectric generator. We found that the cost of efficiency losses can be considerable when compared to the incomes of a hydroelectric plant in the short-term market.     

乌兰察布电业局变电站微机仿真培训系统设计

本文以乌兰察布电业局所辖典型接线和设备为对象和原型,利用现代计算机数字仿真技术,对变电站的一、二次系统、潮流分布、正常和事故工况、保护系统等进行了全面的仿真和模拟,构建了一个包括220kV和110kV的虚拟现实变电站。进行了系统需求分析,设计了仿真培训系统的总体架构和培训功能;基于面向对象技术和模块化的建模方法,实现了仿真培训系统图的绘制;采用丰富的多媒体技术对操作、巡视、处理事故等培训功能进行处理,学员就如同置身于实际运行岗位,有身临其境之感,达到了熟悉设备和提高实际操作能力的目的;针对各类微机保护装置、二次系统和直流部分等配套设备,进行了硬件界面和动作机理等的全面仿真和模拟。所设计的系统已在乌兰察布电业局投入使用。